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1.
建立了采用固相萃取(SPE)结合气相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)测定大蒜中19种有机磷农药残留量的方法。采用V(乙酸)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=1∶99混合溶液提取,Carbon/NH2固相萃取小柱净化,在GC-MS/MS的多反应(MRM)模式下进行外标法定量。结果表明:在0.04~0.8 mg/L范围内,19种农药的色谱峰面积与其相应的质量浓度间均呈良好的线性关系;所有供试农药检测方法的定量限(LOQ)均低于0.01 mg/kg;在0.01~0.2 mg/kg添加水平下,19种农药的平均回收率在68.0%~130%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)≤15.6%。该方法背景干扰少,灵敏度高,适合基质复杂的大蒜样品中有机磷农药残留量的检测。  相似文献   

2.
采用气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)技术建立了茶叶中45种有机磷农药残留的检测方法。茶叶样品加水浸泡后采用乙腈提取,经TPT固相萃取柱净化,用V (乙腈) : V (甲苯) ＝ 3 : 1混合溶液洗脱,采用GC-MS/MS检测,基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量;分析了加水对茶叶中有机磷类农药提取效率的影响。结果表明:45种有机磷类农药在各自质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.993。方法检出限为0.001~0.01 mg/kg,定量限为0.002~0.02 mg/kg。在0.05、0.5和5 mg/kg 3个添加水平下,45种农药平均回收率在71%~102%之间,相对标准偏差均小于9.4%。  相似文献   

3.
本文对茶叶中7种有机氯类和拟除虫菊酯类农药残留检测的前处理技术进行了研究,对比了2种不同的提取溶剂对农药回收率、净化效果的影响,建立了丙酮∶正己烷(1∶1,V/V)提取,Florisil固相萃取小柱净化的方法。本方法回收率在82.3～109.8%之间,变异系数3.3～10.22%,最低检出浓度为0.001mg/kg。该种残留分析前处理方法具有操作简便、成本低、回收率高、精密度好的特点。  相似文献   

4.
分散固体萃取法测定蔬菜水果中25种农药残留   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本文研究了分散固体萃取方法快速测定蔬菜水果中的25种农药残留的方法。采用一种新的样品前处理技术,用0.1%冰乙酸乙腈溶液从蔬菜水果中提取净化25种农药残留,运用GC/MS进行分析。用内标法定量,加标浓度分别为0.01、0.05、0.1μg/mg时,回收率在75.06～108.26%之间,相对偏差不>10%。方法检出下限为0.01～0.05μg/mg,用该方法可实现对蔬菜水果中农药残留的检测。  相似文献   

5.
本研究建立了分散固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测大豆中灭草松、三氟羧草醚、氯虫苯甲酰胺、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、吡唑醚菌酯、精喹禾灵及其代谢物喹禾灵酸的多残留分析方法,为监测大豆生产中的农药应用风险提供方法。该方法具有简单、快捷、准确、灵敏度高的特点。样品经1%甲酸-乙腈振荡提取后,分散固相萃取净化,流动相为甲酸铵-水溶液(含0.01% 甲酸)和甲酸铵-甲醇溶液(含0.01% 甲酸),采用苯基色谱柱进行分离,基质匹配标准曲线外标法定量分析。结果表明:目标农药及代谢物在0.001~1 mg/kg添加水平下平均回收率为78.1%~116.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.6%~20.5%,该方法在0.001~1 mg/kg范围内线性良好(R2≥0.991 1),定量限(LOQ)可达0.001 mg/kg。基于此方法对内蒙古产区的大豆样品进行测定,发现大豆中灭草松、氯虫苯甲酰胺、吡唑醚菌酯有检出,残留量在<0.001~0.024 mg/kg之间,喹禾灵酸、三氟羧草醚、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐残留量均<0.002 mg/kg。采集的大豆样品中6种目标农药残留量均符合我国农药最大残留限量标准安全要求。  相似文献   

6.
气相色谱-串联质谱法测定葵花籽中28种农药残留   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  
韩梅  侯雪  郭灵安 《农药学学报》2016,18(1):93-100
建立了气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)测定葵花籽中咯菌腈、氯氰菊酯、异丙甲草胺等28种农药残留的方法。样品经乙腈提取,凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)及固相萃取(SPE)净化,GCMS/MS测定,多反应监测模式(MRM)分析,外标法定量。结果表明:采用凝胶渗透色谱及固相萃取净化可有效排除大部分干扰成分;在0.01~0.5 mg/L范围内,28种农药的峰面积与对应的质量浓度间呈良好的线性关系,决定系数R2>0.994;在50、100和200 μg/kg 3个添加水平下,各农药的平均回收率在74%~120%之间,相对标准偏差在0.9%~9.5% (n=5)之间,定量限在0.2~7.6 μg/kg之间。该方法灵敏、准确、可靠,能满足农药残留检测的要求,可用于监测葵花籽生产过程中的农药残留。  相似文献   

7.
固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定韭菜中16种农药残留   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文
建立了韭菜中16种农药的多残留分析方法。韭菜样本经微波炉加热处理,乙腈提取,新型固相萃取柱Cleanert TPT净化,以气相色谱-质谱-选择离子监测模式测定。结果表明:微波处理、固相萃取净化可以有效去除基质干扰,16种农药在0.02~2 mg/L范围内线性关系良好;在0.01和0.5 mg/kg两个添加水平下的平均回收率分别在84.6%~124.2%和92.4%~98.5%之间,相对标准偏差 (RSD) 均小于20%;16种农药的检出限(LOD)在1~6 μ g/kg范围内。  相似文献   

8.
采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用法(HPLC-MS)定量检测了白芍药材中的23种农药残留,样品经乙腈提取后再用PSA(N-丙基乙二胺)进行分散固相萃取。方法的定量限(LOQ)为0.75~12.17 μ g/kg;在0.01和0.1 mg/kg两种添加水平下,除极性较大的噻虫嗪和吡虫啉外,其余农药的回收率均在70%~120%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD) 在2.8%~18.9%之间。该方法净化效果好、灵敏度高、重现性好,可用于白芍样品中农药残留的日常检测。  相似文献   

9.
建立了红枣 (干)、杏、葡萄和香梨4种果品中99种农药残留量的气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)分析方法。样品用乙腈提取，氯化钠盐析并离心，上清液经分散固相萃取净化，丙酮溶解定容后，GC-MS/MS测定。对比了Carb/NH2固相萃取柱和NH2 + C18 + GCB、N-丙基乙二胺 (PSA) + C18 + GCB 3种净化方法的净化效果。结果表明:应用优化的前处理方法，采用基质匹配校准曲线，在0.005~0.5 mg/L范围内，4种基质线性关系良好 (R2 ≥ 0.9915)，定量限(LOQ)范围为0.01~0.025 mg/kg；在0.01、0.025、0.05和0.1 mg/kg 4个添加水平下，95种农药 (占总数96%)的平均回收率在70%~120% 之间，相对标准偏差在0.3%~20% 之间。该方法简便快捷，灵敏度、正确度、精密度均满足日常检测需求，可用于上述4种果品中农药多残留的快速测定。  相似文献   

10.
陈敏  刘茜  杨晓凤 《农药学学报》2021,23(4):771-780
建立了固相萃取结合气相色谱-串联质谱 (GC-MS/MS) 测定干辣椒中敌草腈、氟唑菌酰胺、氟吡菌胺、苯菌酮等50种农药残留量的方法。样品加水浸泡后用乙腈提取,加入氯化钠盐析并离心,取上清液经复合氨基柱净化,用乙酸乙酯定容至1.0 mL后,采用气相色谱-串联质谱法在多反应监测 (MRM) 模式下检测,基质匹配标准曲线外标法定量。结果表明:50种农药中,有46种农药在0.005~0.5 mg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,R2 ≥ 0.99;定量限 (LOQ) 范围为0.01~0.1 mg/kg;在0.01、0.1和1.0 mg/kg 3个添加水平下46种农药在干辣椒中的平均回收率在72%~120%之间,相对标准偏差 (RSD) 在0.7%~17%之间。该方法简单、快速、高效,且灵敏度、准确度、精密度均可满足日常检测需求,适用于干辣椒样品中多农药残留的同时检测。  相似文献   

11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.  相似文献   

12.
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.  相似文献   

13.
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.  相似文献   

14.
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.  相似文献   

15.
The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed.  相似文献   

16.
In the summer of 2004 an epidemic of sclerotinia blight of peanut, a disease caused by Sclerotinia minor, occurred in Texas in fields where the disease was never previously detected. The disease was observed on many plants within one of the fields (>3000 disease foci), although most foci were <1 m. It is hypothesized that these observations were inconsistent with the recent introduction of a monocyclic pathogen, even if disease developed under conducive environmental conditions. The pattern of disease is most suggestive of the presence of foliar (ascospore) infections, although air temperature was above the known limits for apothecia development if the pathogen had arrived in the field in 2004 peanut seed. To further examine this epidemic, 232 isolates were collected, across a variety of spatial scales spanning this field and other Texas peanut fields, and evaluated for aggressiveness, fungicide sensitivity and genotypic diversity. There was wide variation among isolates for the phenotypic characteristics measured, but there was no evidence that a genotypically unique, highly aggressive, and fungicide resistant isolate had been introduced or evolved. The predominant genotype, TX1, which contained 154 isolates, was found in every county and field population.  相似文献   

17.
Four species so far classified in Pseudocercosporella or Ramulispora (hyphomycetes) are associated with eyespot disease symptoms of cereals. Two of these have been linked to teleomorphs that were described in Tapesia. Sequence data derived from the Internal Transcribed Spacer region (ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2) of the rDNA operon showed, however, that the eyespot fungi associated with Tapesia are not congeneric with Ramulispora sorghi, the type of Ramulispora. The genus name Tapesia is now rejected in favour of the conserved name Mollisia, which appears to comprise heterogeneous fungi. Tapesia yallundae is not closely related to the type of Mollisia, M. cinerea, but clusters separately, being more closely allied to species with Cadophora anamorphs. A new holomorph genus, Oculimacula, is therefore proposed for teleomorphs of the eyespot fungi, while the anamorphs are accommodated in Helgardia gen. nov.  相似文献   

18.
Zusammenfassung Herbizidresistente Kulturpflanzen nehmen unter den derzeit weltweit angebauten gentechnisch veränderten Ackerbaukulturen Sojabohne, Baumwolle, Raps und Mais den weit überwiegenden Anteil ein. Als Ursachen für die rasche Zunahme der Anbauflächen herbizidresistenter Sorten sind unter anderem die Unzulänglichkeiten der für diese Kulturen bestehenden Herbizidlösungen sowie die Zunahme der pfluglosen Bestellverfahren zu sehen. Im Gegenzug hat die Minimalbodenbearbeitung aufgrund der Einführung der Herbizidresistenztechnologie, insbesondere in Sojabohne, ein ausgeprägtes Flächenwachstum erfahren.Als Entscheidungskriterien für die Wahl des Unkrautbekämpfungssystems unter Einbezug des Anbaus herbizidresistenter oder konventioneller Sorten lassen sich aus den Erfahrungen der vergangenen 8 Jahre anführen: Sortenleistung, erhöhte Kulturverträglichkeit und zeitliche Anwendungsflexibilität, Wirkungssicherheit einer Nachauflaufbehandlung in Trockenregionen, Wirkungsbreite, Wirkungsdauer und Bekämpfung resistenter Unkrautbiotypen. Aufgrund fehlender Zulassungen und Kennzeichnungsvorschriften in wichtigen Exportmärkten sind für den Anbau transgener Sorten in Übersee auch Vermarktungseinschränkungen sowie für den Anbau in Europa Haftungs- und Koexistenzregeln wichtige einzelbetriebliche Entscheidungsparameter.Fortschritte erfährt die Herbizidresistenztechnologie kurz- und mittelfristig in der Weiterentwicklung bereits praktizierter Spritzfolgen und Tankmischungen zu Fertigformulierungen der Komplementärherbizide mit residualen Partnern. Zur Bekämpfung und Vorbeugung der Ausbreitung neuer herbizidresistenter Biotypen werden die Komplementärherbizide mit Partnern anderer Wirkungsmechanismen kombiniert. Weitere Entwicklungen sind die Kombination verschiedener transgener Merkmale mit der Herbizidresistenz sowie die Ausweitung von den derzeit dominierenden Kulturen auf weltweit weniger bedeutsame Kulturen, in denen die Entwicklung neuer konventioneller Herbizidwirkstoffe bisher wenig erfolgreich war oder im Verhältnis zum Aufwand nur bedingt attraktiv ist. Für die langfristige Entwicklung könnte die Plastidentransformation zur Verhinderung einer unerwünschten Ausbreitung transgener Merkmale Bedeutung erlangen.  相似文献   

19.
Research on root rot pathogens of peas in the Netherlands has confirmed the prevalence ofFusarium solani, F. oxysporum, Pythium spp.,Mycosphaerella pinodes andPhoma medicaginis var.pinodella. Aphanomyces euteiches andThielaviopsis basicola were identified for the first time as pea pathogens in the Netherlands. Other pathogens such asRhizoctonia solani andCylindrocarpon destructans were also found on diseased parts of roots. F. solani existed in different degrees of pathogenicity, and was sometimes highly specific to pea, dwarf bean of field bean, depending on the cropping history of the field.A. euteiches was specific to peas, whereasT. basicola showed some degree of physiological specialization.  相似文献   

20.
Data from surveys of winter wheat fields in the period 1974–1986 and of seed lots in the period 1962–1986 and identifications of diseases on plant samples were compiled to describe the occurrence of snow mould (Monographella nivalis) andFusarium spp. On average,M. nivalis dominated overFusarium spp. The complex ofFusarium spp. constituted mainly ofF. culmorum, followed byF. avenaceum andF. graminearum. M. nivalis was dominant in May on stem-bases and in July on leaves and leaf sheaths. On seedsM. nivalis predominated only in years with low temperatures in July and August.Average brown footrot infection in the field was 4% tillers in May and 5% culms in July. Brown footrot intensity in July was high in cropping seasons with high precipitation in October and with low temperatures in October, November and December. In July during the early eighties, an average of 8% of leaves and 6% of flag leaf sheaths were infected byM. nivalis. Average ear blight incidence was 1.2% glumes infected. Seed contamination by these pathogens averaged 16% in the years 1962–1986. The contamination was high in years with high precipitation in June, July and August. Aspects of cv. resistance and yield loss are illustrated.  相似文献   

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