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玉溪市自20世纪80年代以来，共营造了华山松人工林2万hm^2，并还以每年1333hm^2的造林速度递增，到2001年底，全市开展过抚育间伐的林地只占全市应抚育间伐林地面积的5.3%，在分析了未能全面开展抚育间伐原因的基础上，提出了实施对策。 相似文献
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为了解间伐和修枝抚育经营对云南松幼林生长的影响,以昆明市宜良县禄丰林场的尖山林区12 a生1 m×2 m×5 m的非均匀密度控制造林的云南松人工林为研究对象,采用L 4(23)正交试验设计开展试验研究,并于抚育前和抚育后1 a和2 a时进行逐株对应测定和分析。结果表明,抚育后2 a时,处理组合的平均胸径、树高和材积增长率分别为16.2%~24.4%、33.7%~36.5%和68.8%~93.3%,对照则为10.8%、27.1%和46.4%;同时,抚育处理组合的单位面积蓄积量达69.0~82.7 m3/hm2(对照为120.0 m3/hm2,对照未间伐,故抚育前后的蓄积量相同),其增长率与抚育前和抚育后的相比较,分别提高10.4%~37.4%和64.5%~83.9%(对照的仅提高47.6%)。处理组合间,生长指标的增长率呈现极显著的差异(P<0.01),因素水平间,生长量和蓄积量增长率随抚育后1、1~2和0~2 a时的时间变化,呈现动态变化。综合分析抚育后2 a的云南松幼林生长指标增长率,间伐强度53.3%,采用砍刀修枝后保留4轮枝条的组合是该林分较优的处理抚育措施。因此,在生产实践中,此措施可作为短期内促进云南松幼林林木生长的间伐和修枝措施加以应用。 相似文献
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根据山区劳动力不断减少和林业作为生态建设主体的要求，提出了阔叶林采伐迹地的省力化更新方法。试验表明，阔叶林采伐迹地，不炼山、不整地，充分利用林地原有植株的天然更新能力，只经过定向抚育改造，比重新营建人工林可减少人工75～93工／hm^2，节约成本3615～3990元/hm^2，并减轻了营林过程中造成的水土流失。省力化更新幼林林分生长量大，干材产量是重新人工造林的2．60倍；改造后第6年间伐，间伐材作香菇栽培基质用材利用。保留阔叶树种2500～3000株／hm^2培育大径材，12年生年生长量与对照杜英人工林、杉木人工林相当，但林地的生物多样性得到了较好保护。 相似文献
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《广西林业科学》2021,50(2)
以3个试验示范地点的杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)种质评价、立地选择和密度对比、整地对比和施肥、间伐密度对比等试验林和短轮伐期示范林的观测数据为依据,分析探讨杉木短轮伐期用材林培育技术。结果表明,使用种子园良种进行造林,3年生幼林的树高和胸径生长量增益显著。栽培模式选择立地指数14以上的林地,以穴垦为主的整地方式,造林穴规格为40 cm×40 cm×40 cm(底长×底宽×深),每穴施用0.25 kg杉木专用复混肥(1号肥)作为基肥。以2 500株/hm2的密度造林,造林后连续抚育3年,每年3～4次,第7～9年进行间伐,保留密度为1 755～1 950株/hm2。造林后追施杉木专用复混肥4次,总量1.5 kg/株。培育11.5～12.5年的短轮伐期用材林蓄积量达237.24～302.97 m3/hm2。培育相同年限的林分蓄积量比国家行业标准提高66.83%～113.06%,提前4～7年超过国家行业标准规定的16年林龄低限生长指标要求。 相似文献
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不同间伐梯度下云南松幼林林分结构及林木生长变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《浙江林业科技》2015,(6)
2012年分别设置10%、20%和30%抚育间伐梯度和对照(不间伐)对昆明西山林场2001年过火地段上自然更新的云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)幼林进行抚育间伐,分析林分结构变化及林木生长情况。2012年和2014年结果表明:样地平均林分密度差异不大,在10 500~12 500株/hm2,除对照样地出现林分密度增加,这是由于随着林木生长,部分林木进入起测径阶,从而增加了林分密度值。通过采取不同抚育间伐强度措施后,林分平均高变化以对照和30%间伐强度为高,接近20%,而10%和20%两个间伐梯度增长仅略高于10%;林分优势高的变化则在三个梯度及对照之间变化不大,均增加16%以上,最高仅20.00%;而林分平均胸径变化差异较大,对照的仅增长10.96%,而30%的抚育间伐梯度下则增加41.77%,10%和20%两个梯度增加在30%左右;三种抚育强度下直径生长均显著高于对照,但10%和20%两个梯度下差异不显著。因此,抚育间伐管理对于林分高生长影响不大,而对林分直径生长起到较大的提升作用。 相似文献
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不同造林密度华山松人工林抚育间伐强度的选择研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为确定不同造林密度形成的人工华山松林的合理抚育间伐强度和具体间伐措施,对不同间伐强度下2种不同密度人工华山松林的林木平均胸径、树高和单位面积蓄积变化进行研究。结果表明,一般密度华山松人工林间伐强度效果为:30%>35%>25%>45%>50%>20%>60%>10%>0%,保留株数以1 830株/hm2左右最好,在抚育间伐实施中采取3株中选伐1株与4株中选伐1株交替使用措施效果最好;密植华山松人工林间伐强度效果为40%>45%>35%>50%>30%>60%>25%>20%>10%>0%,保留株数以2 985株/hm2左右最好,在森林抚育实施中采取2株中选伐1株与3株中选伐1株交替使用效果最好。 相似文献
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马尾松火力楠不同混交模式造林试验研究表明，马尾松与火力楠混交是成功的，也是沿海山地培育火力楠用材林的一种较为理想的混交方式，混交比例：马尾松：火力楠为2-3：1，混交方式为行状或插花状(星状)，造林初植密度2500-3750株/hm^2；并根据种间关系，林分郁闭度及立地条件等因素，在10年生左右，进行适量间伐，最终保留密度以1200—1600株/hm^2为宜。 相似文献
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马尾松天然次生林间伐效应研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
于平均年龄为23年生、地位指数为14和12的2种立地的马尾松天然次生林中,分别设置固定标准样地,并分别设计5个和6个密度水平,对其抚育间伐4年后的间伐效应进行研究。结果表明:不同地位指数的林分,其间伐前或间伐后立木径级分布均呈现正态分布的规律;间伐前林分分化强烈,立木径级大小悬殊;间伐后林分最小株距和平均株距较接近,大径级林木比例提高;间伐4年后平均径级左右的立木比例明显增加。间伐4年后,当14地位指数林分的密度大于1 500株/hm2,12地位指数林分的密度大于1 950株/hm2时,其胸径离散度较间伐当年间伐后的反而明显增大;平均胸径和单株材积的增长均随保留密度的加大而减小,但单位面积蓄积量增长则在其适宜密度时最大;不同保留密度各处理间平均胸径、单株材积以及单位面积材积增长的差异均达极显著,但树高和比重增长的差异均不显著;间伐各处理的平均胸径、单株材积以及单位面积材积增长均大于对照;14地位指数马尾松林以保留密度为1 500/hm2处理的单位面积材积增长最大,增长30.29%;12地位指数马尾松林以保留密度为1 950/hm2处理的单位面积材积增长最大,增长24.38%。 相似文献
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通过对马尾松4~20年生不同密度的人工同龄纯林生长资料的分析表明:第1次树高生长分化高峰期在4~7年生,第2次在11~14年生,幼林郁闭后林木直径分化状态比较稳定。中幼林期抚育间伐主要采伐劣等木,进入近熟林期后除采伐劣等木外,还可采伐一部分中等木。间伐施工应以留优去劣为主,适当照顾均匀。总稀疏强度与密度呈正相关性,出现稀疏的时间随密度增大而提前;连年稀疏强度高峰期出现在林分郁闭后的一段时间内。根据总稀疏强度与稀疏时间同密度的关系可确定不同密度林分的间伐强度与时间。利用马尾松人工林观测资料拟合出与立地条件、现存株数密度、林龄三因子相关的自然稀疏模型,从而可推算出不同立地条件的自然稀疏表,为马尾松人工林密度调控提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Richy J. Harrod David W. Peterson Nicholas A. Povak Erich K. Dodson 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009
Forest thinning and prescribed fires are practices used by managers to address concerns over ecosystem degradation and severe wildland fire potential in dry forests. There is some debate, however, about treatment effectiveness in meeting management objectives as well as their ecological consequences. The purpose of this study was to assess changes to forest stand structure following thinning and prescribed fire treatments, alone and combined, in the eastern Cascade Mountains of Washington State. Treatments were applied to 12 management units, with each treatment combination replicated three times (including untreated controls). Thinning modified forest structure by reducing overall tree density by >60% and canopy bulk density by 50%, and increased canopy base height by ∼4 m, thereby reducing susceptibility to crown fire. The prescribed fire treatment, conversely, did not appreciably reduce tree density or canopy fuel loading, but was effective at increasing the density of standing dead trees, particularly when combined with thinning (37 snags/ha increase). Prescribed fire effects were more pronounced when used in combination with thinning. Thinning was more reliable for altering stand structure, but spring burning was lower in intensity and coverage than desired and may have led to results that downplay the efficacy of fire to meet forest restoration goals. 相似文献
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Ze-Hui Jiang Xiao-Qing Wang Ben-Hua Fei Hai-Qing Ren Xing-E. Liu 《Annals of Forest Science》2007,64(8):807-814
The effect of stand density (1000 stems/ha, 500 stems/ha and 250 stems/ha) on tree growth and wood quality characteristics was studied in a 27-year-old plantation species of Populus xiaohei in China. Results indicated that stand density had significant effects on tree radial growth and crown size, and the lowest stand density produced trees with the largest stem taper. In terms of wood quality characteristics, there was no significant effect of stand density on either wood basic density or fiber length. However, significant differences were found between different stand densities for wood mechanical properties. A positive relationship between modulus of elasticity, compression strength and stand density was observed, while the highest modulus of rupture was recorded at a moderate density of 500 stems/ha. Stand density was responsible for highly significant effects on both juvenile wood and wet heartwood basal areas in individual trees, and there was an obvious tendency towards increasing juvenile wood and wet heartwood basal areas with decreasing stand density. In addition, the relationships between wood quality characteristics and tree and stand characteristics were also examined. Some wood quality characteristics, namely mechanical properties and juvenile wood and wet heartwood basal areas, were quantified successfully in relation to selected tree characteristics using a regression approach with various degrees of goodness of fit. Based on comprehensive consideration of various factors, such as wood quality, tree growth, and establishment cost, results from this study suggest that a density of 500 stems/ha is optimum for wood production. 相似文献
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秃杉抚育间伐初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对安溪县福前农场造林密度为2 505株.hm-2的9年生秃杉林分设置极强度间伐(60%)、强度间伐(40%)、弱度间伐(20%)及不间伐(对照)4个处理,间伐3 a后,调查林分胸径、树高、单株材积、蓄积量等指标,研究不同间伐强度对其生长量的影响。结果表明:不同间伐强度对林分胸径生长、单株材积、蓄积量的影响都达到显著水平,而对树高生长有一定影响,但差异不显著。综合分析表明,对9年生的秃杉林分,选择强度间伐(间伐总株数的40%)进行抚育间伐较为合适。 相似文献
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大岗山丘陵区杉木中幼林低密度控制及深抚效果 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
近年来,国际上由于工资水平的提高和劳动力的缺乏,从而普遍采用低密度控制,即加大造林株行距,加大疏伐强度、减少疏伐次数,以提高林分质量,提前获得收益。杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook)是我国重要用材树种,生产中通常采用多次下层间伐方式。本文对杉木中幼林一次性间伐的合理保留密度即主伐密度以及深抚的有效性进行了研究。一、试验地概况试验是在江西大岗山山下林场陂元Ⅰ区杉木人工林中进行的。地理坐标为114°36’E、27°42’N,地处中亚热带东部罗霄山北端武功山余脉,海拔130-220m,属丘陵山地。土壤为页岩上发育起来的黄红壤,土层厚度为80-150cm,腐殖质层(A+AB)厚度约为25cm。土壤容重为1.2(g/cm~3)左右,pH值为4.4-4.8,有机质含量约为2.5％。气候属中亚热带湿润型,具有四季分明,气候温和,日照充足,雨量充沛的特点:年均降雨量1590.9mm,降雨量集中分布在4-6月,占全年降雨量的45％,年均蒸发量1503.8mm,相对湿度80％,1月平均最低温度-5.3℃,无霜期270天左右。主要林下植被为:杜茎 相似文献
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We have studied male flower production and relative illumination in clonal sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) forests planted at densities of 1,500/ha, 3,000/ha, and 5,000/ha, to clarify the effects of forest management on male flower
production. Both the relative illumination and male flower production decrease as the stand density increases. The lowest
position at which male flowers are formed decreases as the density of the stand decreases. High thinning intensity promotes
male flower production and light pruning is ineffective to reduce male flower production. Therefore, traditional management
methods used in sugi forests (i.e. planting at high density, frequent light thinning, intensive pruning and short rotation) are ideal strategies for limiting
male flower production. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1-4):203-214
The paper presents and tests a method for comparing real thinning with strip roads and a simulated selective thinning pattern without strip roads in the same tree stand. The simulation method includes growth models for single trees, and a computer program for carrying out different selective thinning patterns. Simulation proved to be a more reliable method than the simple comparison between the stand growth on 15 m wide zones including and excluding the strip road. The method reduces the effects of random and systematic differences, especially on the small experimental plots. The material of young and middle‐aged Norway spruce stands (19 plots) showed that the growth loss is 0–10% during the first ten years, depending on the width of the strip road and the density of the stand. 相似文献
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[目的]研究不同强度采伐下马尾松的生长动态,筛选适宜的采伐强度,为马尾松人工林近自然经营提供技术支撑。[方法]2007年10月在14年生马尾松人工林(保存密度1 100株·hm~(-2))内进行采伐试验,设置4个采伐强度,即保留密度分别为225、300、375、450株·hm~(-2),以不采伐为对照;其后,自2008年开始连续8 a,每2 a测定1次马尾松的胸径、树高、枝下高和冠面积等生长指标,并计算单株材积和林分蓄积量,应用方差分析和Duncan多重比较分析生长指标对不同采伐强度的动态响应。[结果]表明:采伐强度显著影响林分生长,其中,林分平均胸径、单株材积、冠面积的年均增长量随保留密度增大而减小,但均显著高于对照(P0.05)。采伐后第1 3年,马尾松冠面积增长量显著高于采伐后期,胸径则在采伐后第3 5年最高,而不同采伐强度对林分树高生长影响不明显。保留密度显著影响林分枝下高和蓄积量的动态变化,其年均增长量随密度增大而递增。5个处理间林分蓄积年均增长量的差异随林龄的增大而逐渐缩小。[结论]马尾松人工林生长对不同强度采伐的动态响应以树冠最敏感,冠面积首先陡然增大,进而引起胸径的快速生长。树高和枝下高在采伐后年均增量变化相对平稳。4个采伐强度均显著促进单株材积生长,而仅保留密度为225株·hm~(-2)的采伐对林分蓄积增长量影响显著。综合比较林分的单株材积和林分蓄积连年增长量,建议在桂西南15年生马尾松人工林近自然经营中宜选择300株·hm~(-2)的保留密度进行采伐。 相似文献
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《Forest Ecology and Management》2005,209(3):225-235
This study examined the impact of pre-commercial thinning (PCT) on tree growth, product recovery, stand value and financial return in jack pine stands in Northwestern Ontario. Ten sites composed of both control and PCT stands representing various stand densities (2000–6000 trees/ha) and stand ages (26–36 years old) were selected for this study. Three thousand and eighty-two trees were measured for DBH and total height, and were reconstructed in 3-D using a taper equation for jack pine. The reconstructed virtual trees were then “sawn” using the software package Optitek to obtain optimal lumber value recovery, which was then used to determine total product value per tree and financial return. The quadratic mean DBHs of trees from the PCT stands were significantly larger than those from the control stands for all 10 sites. Six of ten PCT stands had significantly taller trees than did the controls of the same sites. With increasing stand density, tree DBH decreased in the control stands while no consistent pattern could be recognized for the DBH of the PCT stands. The increment in average DBH due to PCT increased with increasing thinning intensity. PCT reduced total tree volume per hectare, benefited merchantable stem volume per hectare, and improved the total lumber volume and value recovery per hectare. On average, the PCT stands produced approximately $2760 and $1770/ha (or 19.6 and 16.1%) more product value per hectare for the dimension mill and stud mill, respectively. PCT also significantly reduced logging and lumber conversion costs. Higher total product values and lower total costs resulted in higher benefit/cost (B/C) ratios in the PCT stands than did in the control stands. The increased financial return due to PCT is associated with the magnitude of difference in quadratic mean DBH resulting from PCT. The B/C ratio difference between control and PCT stands increased with increasing thinning intensity. Overall, this study indicates that PCT appears to be an economically viable silvicultural investment for jack pine stands in Northwestern Ontario. 相似文献