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干旱是影响植物生长发育及分布的主要因素,干旱胁迫下不同植物的生理进程变化既有相似也有不同。本文概括了干旱胁迫对植物光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、胞间CO2含量及内源激素含量(CTK、ABA、IAA、GA)的影响。指出今后的重点研究方向应在抗旱作用机理方面,包括植物激素间的相互作用、信号传递网络系统以及分子遗传等。 相似文献
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以当年生盆栽美国红枫扦插苗为试验材料,采用不同浓度的脱落酸(ABA)溶液喷施美国红枫扦插苗,测定干旱胁迫下植株的相对电导率、脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)及可溶性糖含量等各项生理指标,研究外源喷施ABA对美国红枫抗旱性的影响。结果表明,在干旱条件下,外源喷施ABA可以缓解其伤害程度,促进美国红枫叶片中脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量的增加,抑制MDA的积累,延缓叶片相对电导率上升,其中以10 mg/L浓度ABA处理效果最明显。因此,干旱胁迫下,喷施一定浓度的脱落酸可有效提高美国红枫的抗旱能力,维持其正常生理代谢。 相似文献
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以3种藤本植物常春藤、扶芳藤、常春油麻藤1年生扦插苗为试验材料,采用盆栽控水法,测定其在不同水分梯度条件下叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Cond)、保护酶(SOD、CAT)、脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶性糖(SS)、丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性蛋白(SP)、叶绿素(Ch1)等9个指标的变化;并利用隶属函数法对其进行抗旱性综合评价。结果表明:随着干旱胁迫程度的不断增大,3种藤本植物叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度呈逐渐降低的趋势;脯氨酸、丙二醛、可溶性总糖和可溶性蛋白含量则呈现逐渐增加的趋势;SOD、CAT呈现先上升后下降的趋势。根据隶属函数值的比较,抗旱能力为:常春藤>扶芳藤>常春油麻藤。 相似文献
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干旱胁迫下保水剂对石楠苗生理生化特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在干旱胁迫下,对盆栽石楠苗的存活期、生长率、游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖、光合生理特性进行分析。结果表明,在有限水分条件下,施用保水剂,苗木存活期延长3.5-38.5 d;苗木生长受到抑制的时间延后0-28 d;叶片中可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸开始积累时间延后,积累量减少;净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度分别提高了5.6%-168.9%、28.6%-2 342.6%、0-4 700%。保水剂用量越大,减缓水分胁迫的能力越强。 相似文献
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马尾松抗旱性研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
综述了国内外学者近20多年来的马尾松(Pinus massoniana)抗旱研究进展,主要包括干旱胁迫对马尾松的种子萌发、苗木以及接种外生菌根提高抗性机理等问题与进展,旨在为马尾松的抗性育种提供理论支撑和技术支持。近年来的研究主要集中在干旱胁迫下幼苗的光合特性、质膜结构、渗透调节、内源酶活性和内源激素含量等生理生化方面,随着干旱胁迫程度的加重和胁迫时间的延长,幼苗的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、叶绿素含量和暗呼吸速率等5个光合指标不断下降;质膜透性和丙二醛(MDA)含量等2个质膜结构指标不断上升;游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量等2个渗透调节物质不断上升;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和硝酸还原酶(NR)3种内源酶类在胁迫条件中的表现不一,SOD随着胁迫加剧活性加大,NR变化趋势相反,POD则呈先上升后下降趋势;内源激素类表现为脱落酸(ABA)含量在胁迫初期反应较敏感,生长素(IAA)和玉米素核苷(ZR)含量随着胁迫加剧含量急剧下降,而赤霉素(GA3)含量无明显变化规律。由于研究方法和研究对象有限,导致了目前抗性筛选的局限性。如何有效解决抗性表型特征选择和评价以及在表型选择基础上开展生化以及分子水平研究是当前马尾松抗性研究的正确途径。 相似文献
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摘要：在干旱胁迫下,对盆栽石楠苗的存活期、生长率、游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖、光合生理特性进行分析。结果表明,在有限水分条件下,施用保水剂延长苗木存活期3.5~38.5d;苗木生长受到抑制的时间延后0~28d;苗木的叶片中可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸开始积累时间延后,积累量减少;施用保水剂,苗木的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度分别提高了5.6~168.9%、28.6~2342.6%、0~4700%;在本实验中,保水剂用量越大,减缓水分胁迫的能力越强。 相似文献
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干旱胁迫对真桦光合特性及渗透调节物质含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以真桦盆栽幼苗为试材,研究干旱胁迫对真桦叶片光合作用和渗透调节物质含量的影响。结果表明:干旱胁迫使真桦幼苗净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度显著降低,降低幅度随胁迫程度的加剧而加大。胁迫初期,轻度和中度干旱胁迫组真桦幼苗净光合速率降低的同时气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度同时降低,光合速率降低的主要原因是气孔因素;胁迫中期和后期,各干旱处理组光合速率降低的同时胞间CO2浓度均显著升高,非气孔限制是净光合速率降低的主要原因。真桦在干旱胁迫过程中,可溶性蛋白变化不显著,可溶性糖含量增加,为主要的渗透调节物质。 相似文献
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This paper studied the seasonal characteristics to resist the drought stress of Haloxylon persicum Bge. Ex Boiss. et Buhse photosynthetic shoots at habitat. The results showed that the predominant drought resistance factors
were varied at the different stage from growth to development. In the blooming season (from May 31 to June 29), endogenous
ABA contents were rare; stomatal conductance and photosynthesis intensity were the highest at the whole stage from growth
to development; soluble sugars contents had a decreasing trend and proline contents increased a little that made proline become
the predominant factor to resist the drought under this light water stress. In the hot summer (from June 29 to July 26), ABA
contents accumulated rapidly; stomatal conductance dropped to the lowest level of the growth and development; chlorophyll
was also decomposed; both soluble sugars and proline contents showed the trend of quickly accumulating, but the former was
faster than the latter. It was due to stomatal limitation and osmotic organic molecules accumulation that would affect the
photosynthetic shoots to resist severe drought stress. At the late period of the development (from Aug 9 to Aug 22), ABA rapidly
accumulated, its contents got to the highest level of whole life-span; stomatal conductance increased a little; proline and
soluble sugars contents changed little at high level; while the ratios of ABA to CTK content and ABA to IAA content got up
obviously, the effect to resist drought stress on high content ABA was inhibited by endogenous plant hormone CTK and IAA,
then the continuing accumulation of proline and soluble sugars would be prevented. Osmosis of organic molecules was the most
important factor to adjust leaves to severe water stress at this period.
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Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2005, 41(5) [译自, 林业科学 2005, 41(5)] 相似文献
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We investigated effects of water stress and external abscisic acid (ABA) supply on shoot growth, stomatal conductance and water status in 1-year-old cuttings of a drought-sensitive poplar genotype Populus x euramericana cv. I-214 (Italica) and a drought-tolerant genotype P. 'popularis 35-44' (popularis). Populus popularis was more productive and maintained higher leaf water potentials throughout the drought treatment than cv. Italica. Supply of ABA to the xylem sap caused a greater decline in growth and more leaf abscission in shoots of cv. Italica than in shoots of P. popularis. Immediately after initiation of the drought treatment in P. popularis, the ABA concentration ([ABA]) of the xylem increased rapidly and stomatal conductance declined; however, stomatal conductance had returned to control values by the third day of the drought treatment, coincident with a gradual decline in xylem [ABA]. In contrast, xylem [ABA] of cv. Italica initially increased more slowly than that of P. popularis in response to the drought treatment, but the increase continued for 3 days at which time a tenfold increase in xylem [ABA] was observed that was followed by abscission of more than 40% of the leaves. We conclude that sensitivity of poplar roots to variation in soil water content varies by clone and that a rapid short-term accumulation of ABA in shoots in response to water stress may contribute to drought tolerance. 相似文献
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为开发朝仓山椒的椒芽菜价值,采用酶联免疫等方法,在休眠至萌发的过程,测定了枝条的ABA、IAA、GA3、ZR的含量以及可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、游离氨基酸和游离脯氨酸的动态变化。结果表明,4种内源激素在芽内的含量存在极明显的差异,排序为ABA〉IAA〉GA3〉ZR;测定期内,IAM/ABA呈现较明显的上升趋势,GA3／ABA表现为较平缓的“升-降-升”趋势,IAA＋GA3＋ZR／ABA呈现出剧烈的“升-降-升”趋势;可溶性蛋白含量表现为“先升后降”,可溶性糖、游离氨基酸和游离脯氨酸含量表现为稳定的下降趋势。 相似文献
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Zeng Duan-xiang Yin Wei-lun Zhao Xiao-qing Wang Hua-fang College of Biological Sciences Biotechnology Beijing Forestry University Beijing P. R. China College of Landscape Architecture Beijing Forestry University Beijing P. R. China College of Forestry Management Staff State Forestry Administration Beijing P. R. China th Group Zhoulou Village Mudan Town of Heze Shandong P. R. China 《中国林学(英文版)》2006,8(4)
Tree peony is well known and sought after for its large, colorful flowers. Its propagation is via vegetative methods. Mech-nisms of the adventitious rooting and the regulation of rooting processes are the principles and techniques of plant propagation and improvement. Microstructures and fluctuations of phytohormones in the adventitious rooting were studied with the etiolated softwood shoots of Paeonia suffruticosa 'Yinfen Jinlin'. There are no pre-primordia in the shoots of the cultivar. Adventitious roots are produced in five stages: shoot selection, primordium initiation, primordium growth, conducting tissue differentiation and root protrusion. Primordia initiated in the cortex. The contents of the endogenous hormones, IAA, ABA and GA, were 5.842, 0.873 and 1.043 nmol·g-1 FW on the bases of shoots, respectively. CTKs which included isopentenyl adenine (iPA), zeatin riboside (ZR) and dihy-drozeatin riboside (DHZR) were 0.949, 0.695 and 2.034 nmol·g-1 FW, respectively. DHZR is active among CTKs. The ratio of IAA to GA, CTK and ABA clearly increased at the stage of primordium initiation, while they showed low levels at the stages of primordium growth. The ratios were restored at the shoot levels at the stage of root protrusion. IBA provoked primordia initiation in the cortex, the vascular cambium, the pith and even in the callus induced on the base of shoots. IAA levels in the treated shoots increased gradually to its highest level (three times of control) at the stage of conducting tissue differentiation. The ratios of IAA to GA, CTK and ABA clearly decreased at the stage of primordium initiation. The ratio of IAA to ABA is regulated at 10:1. 相似文献
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采用室内盆栽试验,研究不同程度水分胁迫24 d对新西伯利亚银白杨叶片光合生产力和渗透调节物质含量的影响.结果表明：水分胁迫抑制了新西伯利亚银白杨幼苗叶片的光合能力,提高了叶片细胞中可溶性蛋白质含量,并影响了叶片中可溶性糖含量.随着胁迫强度和胁迫时间的增加,叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度均显著减小.叶片净光合速率与蒸腾速率和气孔导度呈极显著正相关关系,与土壤含水量呈显著正相关关系.气孔导度蒸与腾速率呈极显著正相关关系,与土壤含水量、可溶性糖含量呈显著正相关关系.蒸腾速率与可溶性糖含量呈显著正相关关系.在土壤相对含水量≥25％的条件下,净光合速率下降主要由气孔因素导致.在土壤相对含水量＜25％的条件下,净光合速率下降主要由非气孔限制导致. 相似文献
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Tree peony is well known and sought after for its large, colorful flowers. Its propagation is via vegetative methods. Mechnisms of the adventitious rooting and the regulation of rooting processes are the principles and techniques of plant propagation and improvement. Microstructures and fluctuations of phytohormones in the adventitious rooting were studied with the etiolated softwood shoots of Paeonia suffruticosa ‘Yinfen Jinlin’. There are no pre-primordia in the shoots of the cultivar. Adventitious roots are produced in five stages: shoot selection, primordium initiation, primordium growth, conducting tissue differentiation and root protrusion. Primordia initiated in the cortex. The contents of the endogenous hormones, IAA, ABA and GA, were 5.842, 0.873 and 1.043 nmol•g–1 FW on the bases of shoots, respectively. CTKs which included isopentenyl adenine (iPA), zeatin riboside (ZR) and dihydrozeatin riboside (DHZR) were 0.949, 0.695 and 2.034 nmol•g–1 FW, respectively. DHZR is active among CTKs. The ratio of IAA to GA, CTK and ABA clearly increased at the stage of primordium initiation, while they showed low levels at the stages of primordium growth. The ratios were restored at the shoot levels at the stage of root protrusion. IBA provoked primordia initiation in the cortex, the vascular cambium, the pith and even in the callus induced on the base of shoots. IAA levels in the treated shoots increased gradually to its highest level (three times of control) at the stage of conducting tissue differentiation. The ratios of IAA to GA, CTK and ABA clearly decreased at the stage of primordium initiation. The ratio of IAA to ABA is regulated at 10:1. 相似文献
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干旱胁迫下刺槐无性系光合生理适应性研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过盆栽试验,研究了皖1号(W1)、鲁1号(L1)、鲁59号(L59)和鲁78号(L78)4个刺槐无性系在持续土壤干旱胁迫下的光合生理适应性。结果表明:在土壤持续干旱胁迫下所有无性系的净光合速率都迅速降低。而无性系之间有着不同的适应方式,其中,W1和L1对干旱胁迫反应敏感,在胁迫初期气孔导度、蒸腾速率迅速下降,水分利用效率迅速增加,有着很强的水分控制能力;而L59和L78气孔导度在胁迫后期才明显降低,而且蒸腾速率下降幅度较低,但在整个胁迫过程中保持较高的净光合速率,说明有着高的光合能力。 相似文献