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1.
温度和土壤水分对祁连山青海云杉林土壤呼吸的影响 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
采用美国Li-cor公司生产的LI6400-09土壤呼吸室和LI6400便携式光合作用测量系统对祁连山云杉林土壤呼吸速率进行野外测定,并通过多元回归对其影响因子进行了分析。结果表明:土壤呼吸总体趋势是夏季高,其它季节低,但季节动态呈现不规律的多峰曲线;气温、地表温度以及5cm、10cm、15cm和20cm的土壤温度均与土壤呼吸速率呈显著的指数关系,温度对土壤呼吸的影响在低温时比高温时更显著;土壤呼吸的平均速率为2.145μmol.m-2.s-1。以气温、地表温度以及5cm、10cm、15cm和25cm的土壤温度为依据得到的Q10值依次为2.67、2.23、4.17、4.32、4.36和4.54;0~10cm和10~20cm土层的土壤含水量均与土壤呼吸速率呈相关关系,当土壤水分含量较低的情况下,随着土壤水分含量的增加,土壤呼吸速率也随着增加,但是当土壤水分含量增加到一定程度时,土壤呼吸速率则表现出降低的趋势。 相似文献
2.
Methane(CH4), carbon dioxide(CO2) and nitrous oxide(N2O) are known to be major greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. To identify the flux dynamics of these greenhouse gases is, therefore, of great significance. In this paper, we conducted a comparative study on an alpine grassland and alpine wetland at the Bayinbuluk Grassland Eco-system Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences. By using opaque, static, manual stainless steel chambers and gas chromatography, we measured the fluxes of CH4, N2O and CO2 from the grassland and wetland through an in situ monitoring study from May 2010 to October 2012. The mean flux rates of CH4, N2O and CO2 for the experimental alpine wetland in the growing season(from May to October) were estimated at 322.4 μg/(m2?h), 16.7 μg/(m2?h) and 76.7 mg/(m2?h), respectively; and the values for the alpine grassland were –88.2 μg/(m2?h), 12.7 μg/(m2?h), 57.3 mg/(m2?h), respectively. The gas fluxes showed large seasonal and annual variations, suggesting weak fluxes in the non-growing season. The relationships between these gas fluxes and environmental factors were analyzed for the two alpine ecosystems. The results showed that air temperature, precipitation, soil temperature and soil moisture can greatly influence the fluxes of CH4, N2O and CO2, but the alpine grassland and alpine wetland showed different feedback mechanisms under the same climate and environmental conditions. 相似文献
3.
青海海北高寒湿地近地层大气CO_2浓度的变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用快速响应红外气体分析仪对青海海北高寒湿地大气CO2浓度进行连续监测,分析2004年CO2浓度变化特征表明,CO2浓度存在明显的日、季变化,日、年内均表现“U”型变化特征。这些变化与植被生理活动、土壤呼吸、大气逆温层、及湍流交换强度等有关。自1月到7月CO2浓度的日变化过程中,日最高值出现时间在日出前后的5:00到9:00,并随7月的到来逐渐提早,日出后下降,约在下午15:00左右为最低,日落后又逐步升高。7月以后日最高值出现时间随时间推移又滞后,最低提早。一年中,月平均浓度最低值出现在7月份,最高值则在10月。观测表明,2004年海北高寒湿地CO2年平均浓度为315.3μmol/mol,月平均最高为335.0μmol/mol(10月),月平均最低值为270.1μmol/mol(7月)。统计海北高寒湿地旬平均CO2浓度与气象因素线性相关关系表明,海北高寒湿地CO2浓度与大多数气象因子有显著的负相关关系,但与土壤温度、气压、相对湿度等的相关关系不明显。 相似文献
4.
使用LI-8100仪器实测了在生长季阿拉善的梭梭、沙冬青、红砂、华北驼绒藜、珍珠、白刺六种植物群落土壤呼吸速率,使用挖刨面法逐月测定了土壤温度和土壤含水量。结果表明:这六种荒漠植物群落土壤呼吸速率日动态均呈单峰型,最高值皆出现在12:00-14:00,最低值出现在早晨8:00,土壤呼吸速率最大值出现时间先于气温最高值出现的时间。六种植物群落土壤呼吸速率的月变化呈单峰曲线,与近地面气温的变化趋势一致。六种植物群落土壤呼吸速率的日变化与地表温度达到极显著正相关关系,与近地面气温、5cm、10cm温度具有显著相关性。六种植物群落与土壤含水量0-10cm、10-20cm、20-30cm都没有显著相关性。在源与汇的问题上,梭梭、沙冬青、红砂、珍珠、华北驼绒藜、白刺是汇。 相似文献
5.
2000-2010年祁连山植被MODIS NDVI的时空变化及影响因素 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用2000-2010年间的MODIS/NDVI数据和对应的气候资料,研究了近10年来祁连山植被的时空变化及影响因素。结果表明:1)10年来,祁连山年最大化NDVI(MNDVI)增加了2.4%,植被改善、无变化和退化的面积分别占总面积的26.32%、66.42%和7.26%。植被改善的区域分布在冷龙岭、拉脊山、大通山、达坂山、青海南山、走廊南山、托来山等山地以及西宁盆地、湟水谷地周边地区,减少的区域分布在乌鞘岭、庄浪河、古浪河、大通河、石羊河、黑河、疏勒河等河流河谷。2)祁连山不同植被类型MNDVI的年际变化趋势不同。灌丛地、荒漠草原、高寒稀疏草甸MNDVI呈快速增加趋势,高山草原、高山灌丛草甸和高寒草甸MNDVI呈增加趋势,落叶阔叶林、针阔混交林、常绿针叶林MNDVI呈快速下降趋势。3)影响祁连山植被生长的主要因子是气温和降水,局部地区密集的人类活动也能成为影响植被生长的关键因子。 相似文献
6.
围栏与不同放牧强度对东祁连山高寒草甸植被和土壤的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在东祁连山高寒草地,对围栏7年和不同放牧强度的草地进行了物种数、地上生物量、地下生物量、土壤理化性质等研究。结果表明,围栏7年的高寒草地鲜草产量为425.8 g·m-2,显著高于夏季中牧159.3 g·m-2和夏季重牧91.0 g·m-2,但与冬季轻牧、夏季轻牧差异不显著。围栏条件下的物种数为26.3种·16 m-2,显著低于其他放牧条件下的物种数,但显著高于夏季重牧条件下的物种数23.0种·16 m-2;轻度或重度放牧都会使物种数减少,夏季中牧下的物种数最高(33.5种·16 m-2)。在0~10 cm的表层土壤中,围栏7年的草地根系生物量显著高于其他放牧强度。随着放牧强度的增加,根系生物量在0~10 cm土壤中呈下降趋势,在30~40 cm土壤中则表现为升高趋势。围栏7年的土壤容重低于其他放牧强度下的土壤容重,但差异不显著;夏季重牧的土壤容重显著高于围栏7年和其他放牧强度的土壤容重。随着放牧强度的增加,0~10 cm土壤碱解氮增加,围栏7年草地最低。围栏封育可有效改善和恢复草地植被,但不能长时间禁牧不进行放牧利用。合理的放牧能够维护高寒草甸草地生态系统功能、促进物种丰富度和土壤营养的均衡。 相似文献
7.
ZHANG Zhenchao 《干旱区科学》2020,12(5):806-818
Understanding the effects of degradation on belowground biomass (BGB) is essential for assessment of carbon budget of the alpine meadow ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau, China. This ecosystem has been undergoing serious degradation owing to climate change and anthropogenic activities. This study examined the response of the vertical distribution of plant BGB to degradation and explored the underlying mechanisms in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau. A field survey was conducted in an alpine meadow with seven sequential degrees of degradation in the Zoige Plateau on the Tibetan Plateau during the peak growing season of 2018. We measured aboveground biomass (AGB), BGB, soil water content (SWC), soil bulk density (SBD), soil compaction (SCOM), soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total nitrogen (STN), soil total phosphorus (STP), soil available nitrogen (SAN), and soil available phosphorus (STP) in the 0-30 cm soil layers. Our results show that degradation dramatically decreased the BGB in the 0-10 cm soil layer (BGB0-10) but slightly increased the subsoil BGB. The main reason may be that the physical-chemical properties of surface soil were more sensitive to degradation than those of subsoil, as indicated by the remarked positive associations of the trade-off value of BGB0-10 with SWC, SCOM, SOC, STN, SAN, and STP, as well as the negative correlation between the trade-off value of BGB0-10 and SBD in the soil layer of 0-10 cm. In addition, an increase in the proportion of forbs with increasing degradation degree directly affected the BGB vertical distribution. The findings suggest that the decrease in the trade-off value of BGB0-10 in response to degradation might be an adaptive strategy for the degradation-induced drought and infertile soil conditions. This study can provide theoretical support for assessing the effects of degradation on the carbon budget and sustainable development in the alpine meadow ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau as well as other similar ecosystems in the world. 相似文献
8.
Climate warming and livestock grazing are known to have great influences on alpine ecosystems like those of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP) in China. However, it is lacking of studies on the effects of warming and grazing on plant and soil properties in these alpine ecosystems. In this study, we reported the related research from manipulative experiment in 2010–2012 in the QTP. The aim of this study was to investigate the individual and combined effects of warming and clipping on plant and soil properties in the alpine meadow ecosystem. Infrared radiators were used to simulate climate warming starting in July 2010, while clipping was performed once in October 2011 to simulate the local livestock grazing. The experiment was designed as a randomized block consisting of five replications and four treatments: control(CK), warming(W), clipping(C) and warming+clipping combination(WC). The plant and soil properties were investigated in the growing season of the alpine meadow in 2012. The results showed that W and WC treatments significantly decreased relative humidity at 20-cm height above ground as well as significantly increases air temperature at the same height, surface temperature, and soil temperature at the depth of 0–30 cm. However, the C treatment did not significantly decrease soil moisture and soil temperature at the depth of 0–60 cm. Relative to CK, vegetation height and species number increased significantly in W and WC treatment, respectively, while vegetation aboveground biomass decreased significantly in C treatment in the early growing season. However, vegetation cover, species diversity, belowground biomass and soil properties at the depth of 0–30 cm did not differ significantly in W, C and WC treatments. Soil moisture increased at the depth of 40–100 cm in W and WC treatments, while belowground biomass, soil activated carbon, organic carbon and total nitrogen increased in the 30–50 cm soil layer in W, C and WC treatments. Although the initial responses of plant and soil properties to experimental warming and clipping were slow and weak, the drought induced by the downward shift of soil moisture in the upper soil layers may induce plant belowground biomass to transfer to the deeper soil layers. This movement would modify the distributions of soil activated carbon, organic carbon and total nitrogen. However, long-term data collection is needed to further explain this interesting phenomenon. 相似文献
9.
祁连山不同海拔梯度和放牧强度土壤呼吸变化特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
分析青海云杉林、灌丛林、放牧草地三者的呼吸速率差异性以及放牧强度对土壤呼吸速率的影响,结果表明:①云杉林、灌丛林和放牧草地在16:00之前的呼吸速率大小顺序为:灌从林>云杉林>草地;16:00之后顺序为:云杉林>灌丛林>草地.②土壤呼吸速率和日均温有Y=10.342e-0.0002x,R2=0.0002的线性关系.这一线性关系可以解释很多土壤呼吸的变化情况.③放牧直接影响土壤含水量,放牧强度与土壤含水量呈负相关,土壤含水量与土壤呼吸速率呈正相关.土壤含水量为:重度放牧区>过度放牧区>极度放牧区;土壤呼吸速率为:重度放牧区>过度放牧区>极度放牧区.④温度是影响土壤呼吸的主要因子,与土壤呼吸速率呈正相关,呼吸速率日均最大值出现在6～7月,为8.66umoL/(m2·s);最小值出现在5月,为0.37umol/(m2·s). 相似文献
10.
祁连山北坡天然草地根冠比与气候因子的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用祁连山北坡5类天然草地地上/地下生物量和同期的气象资料,分析5类草地的根冠比（R/S）与气候因子的关系。结果表明：5类草地生物量为山地草甸＞山地草原＞山地草甸草原＞高寒草原＞山地荒漠草原,除高寒草原、山地草甸草原和山地草原的生物量之间无显著差异外,其余各类之间差异显著（P＜0.05）;高寒草原、山地草甸、山地草甸草原、山地草原和山地荒漠草原的R/S分别为9.3,8.7,5.1,7.0和7.1;5类草地R/S的季节变化均呈反抛物线型,但变化不尽相同;高寒草原的月R/S随上月土壤含水量的增加而显著降低,山地草甸草原和山地草原的月R/S随上月潜在蒸散量的增加也呈显著降低趋势,而山地草甸和山地荒漠草原的月R/S与前期的水热因子无显著相关关系。 相似文献
11.
以青藏高原腹地典型高寒草甸植被类型为研究对象,采用红外灯加热的方法模拟全球增温,并利用水分探头,于2012年植物生长季（5—9月）获取0~100 cm不同土层深度土壤水分含量数据,并分析其对增温的响应。结果表明：① 短期增温对高寒草甸土壤水分含量有提高作用,但增幅并不显著（P>0.05）,平均提高2.85%。② 土壤水分含量随土层深度的增加呈现先减少后增加的趋势,在10~20 cm土层深度处降为最低值13.8%,在60~100 cm土层深度附近达到了20.57%的最高值;对照组5个月10~20 cm土层深度的土壤水分含量显著低于其他土层,而增温组0~20 cm土层深度的土壤含水量显著低于其他土层深度,表明增温对表层（0~10 cm）的土壤含水量影响较大,对深层土壤含水量的影响则较小,而且短期增温不会对土壤水分的垂直分布趋势产生影响。③
土壤水分含量随时间的变化,在5—8月呈上升趋势,表明在青藏高原北麓河地区植物生长季,8月是其土壤水分含量最充足的月份,到了9月土壤中含水量开始降低,但5个土层深度降幅均不明显;增温组土壤水分含量随时间的变化趋势与对照组基本一致。 相似文献
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祁连山海北高寒草甸地区UV-B的气候变化特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
分析祁连山海北高寒草甸地区2002年太阳总辐射(Eg)、UV-B及UV-B占Eg比例的气候变化特征。结果表明:海北站地区UV-B较强,日瞬时最高接近10W.m-2,日总量最高达0.204MJ.m-2;日、年变化依Eg的日、年变化具有显著的正相关关系。UV-B与Eg的比值(η),不论是日变化还是年变化表现明显,一日间早晚低,中午高,一年间6月最高,冬季的12月低,与太阳高度角的变化具有一定的正相关关系。年平均η约为0.54%,植物生长期的5~9月约为0.65%。在海北高寒草甸地区Eg和UV-B的年总量分别达6387.436 MJ.m-2和35.981 MJ.m-2。 相似文献
14.
秸秆还田及施肥对小麦复种油菜农田土壤呼吸的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在甘肃省石羊河绿洲灌区连续3 a的小麦复种油菜田间定位试验的基础上,采用EGM-4密闭式土壤呼吸测量系统,测定了不同施肥水平和不同秸秆还田方式下小麦复种油菜农田的土壤呼吸速率。结果表明：在整个观测期内, 土壤呼吸速率最高值出现在8月下旬（152.06~199.58 mg•m-2•h-1）,最低值出现在10月中旬（12.67~19.01 mg•m-2•h-1）。土壤呼吸速率日变化呈单峰曲线,最高值出现在12:00-14:00, 4:00左右达最低值;不同秸秆还田方式下, 高茬收割免耕播种油菜的处理明显降低了土壤呼吸速率,且在秸秆处理后的油菜生育期内降低效果更加明显;不同施肥水平下,在N、P减量15%的情况下,土壤呼吸速率显著下降;各试验处理措施下, 土壤呼吸速率与5 cm和10 cm土壤温度、30 cm各层土壤含水量均呈极显著正相关,并且土壤呼吸速率与0~30 cm土壤水分的相关性较土壤温度高;不同处理下土壤呼吸速率与土壤孔隙度基本上呈负相关,但是两者之间相关性并不显著。 相似文献
15.
Influences of drip and flood irrigation on soil carbon dioxide emission and soil carbon sequestration of maize cropland in the North China Plain 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The need is pressing to investigate soil CO_2(carbon dioxide) emissions and soil organic carbon dynamics under water-saving irrigation practices in agricultural systems for exploring the potentials of soil carbon sequestration. A field experiment was conducted to compare the influences of drip irrigation(DI) and flood irrigation(FI) on soil organic carbon dynamics and the spatial and temporal variations in CO_2 emissions during the summer maize growing season in the North China Plain using the static closed chamber method. The mean CO_2 efflux over the growing season was larger under DI than that under FI. The cumulative CO_2 emissions at the field scale were 1959.10 and 1759.12 g/m~2 under DI and FI, respectively. The cumulative CO_2 emission on plant rows(OR) was larger than that between plant rows(BR) under FI, and the cumulative CO2 emission on the irrigation pipes(OP) was larger than that between irrigation pipes(BP) under DI. The cumulative CO_2 emissions of OP, BP and bare area(BA) under DI were larger than those of OR, BR and BA under FI, respectively. Additionally, DI promoted root respiration more effectively than FI did. The average proportion of root respiration contributing to the soil CO_2 emissions of OP under DI was larger than that of OR under FI. A general conclusion drawn from this study is that soil CO_2 emission was significantly influenced by the soil water content, soil temperature and air temperature under both DI and FI. Larger concentrations of dissolved organic carbon(DOC), microbial biomass carbon(MBC) and total organic carbon(TOC) were observed under FI than those under DI. The observed high concentrations(DOC, MBC, and TOC) under FI might be resulted from the irrigation-associated soil saturation that in turn inhibited microbial activity and lowered decomposition rate of soil organic matter. However, DI increased the soil organic matter quality(the ratio of MBC to TOC) at the depth of 10–20 cm compared with FI. Our results suggest that the transformation from conventional FI to integrated DI can increase the CO2 emissions and DI needs to be combined with other management practices to reduce the CO_2 emissions from summer maize fields in the North China Plain. 相似文献
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阿尔泰山位于中国、蒙古和苏联的交界处,分布着较完整的垂直地带性土壤。有关阿尔泰山山地土壤的垂直分布规律,已有报道。本试验研究土壤中铁、锰的形态分布特征及垂直地带性,其结果有助于了解阿尔泰山山地土壤的发生发展过程,为合理开发利用阿尔泰山山地土壤资源的途径提供科学依据。 相似文献
18.
宁夏黄土丘陵区冬小麦农田土壤呼吸特征及影响因素分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
土壤呼吸是陆地碳循环研究的关键环节,是大气CO2的重要来源,文中以冬小麦农田为研究对象,利用ACE土壤呼吸自动监测系统,研究了冬小麦农田土壤呼吸、土壤温度、土壤水分和光合有效辐射的变化特征、相互关系以及碳释放量。结果表明:1)土壤呼吸日变化呈现"单峰型",最大值出现在13:00左右,最小值出现在夜间;2)土壤呼吸日变化表明土壤呼吸与土壤温度(0-10cm)和光合有效辐射呈显著正相关关系(P<0.01),与土壤水分的关系不确定;3)土壤呼吸季节变化表明土壤呼吸与土壤温度呈显著正相关关系(P<0.01),与土壤水分和光合有效辐射无显著相关关系;4)冬小麦农田碳释放量168gC·m-2·a-1。 相似文献
19.
Alpine meadow ecosystem is fragile and highly sensitive to climate change.An understanding of the allocation of above-and below-ground plant biomass and correlations with environmental factors in alpine meadow ecosystem can result in better protection and effective utilization of alpine meadow vegetation.We chose an alpine meadow in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China as the study area and designed experimental warming plots using a randomized block experimental design.We used single-tube infrared radiators as warming devices,established the warming treatments,and measured plant above- (AGB) and below-ground biomass (BGB) during the growing seasons (May to September) in 2012 and 2013.We determined the allocation of biomass and the relationship between biomass and soil environment under the warming treatment.Biomass indices including above-ground biomass,below-ground biomass and the ratio of root to shoot (R/S) ,and soil factors including soil moisture and soil temperature at different depths were measured.The results showed that (1) BGB of the alpine meadow had the most significant allometric correlation with its AGB (y=298.7x~ (0.44) ,P0.001) ,but the relationship decreased under warming treatment and the determination coefficient of the functional equation was 0.102 which was less than that of 0.188 of the unwarming treatment (control) ; (2) BGB increased,especially in the deeper soil layers under warming treatment (P0.05) .At 0–10 cm soil depth,the percentages of BGB under warming treatment were smaller than those of the control treatment with the decreases being 8.52% and 8.23% in 2012 and 2013,respectively.However,the BGB increased 2.13% and 2.06% in 2012 and 2013,respectively,at 10–50 cm soil depths; (3) BGB had significant positive correlations with soil moisture at 100 cm depth and with soil temperature at 20–100 cm depths (P0.05) ,but the mean correlation coefficient of soil temperature was 0.354,greater than the 0.245 of soil moisture.R/S ratio had a significant negative correlation with soil temperature at 20 cm depth (P0.05) .The warmer soil temperatures in shallow layers increased the biomass allocation to above-ground plant parts,which leading to the increase in AGB;whereas the enhanced thawing of frozen soil in deep layers causing by warming treatment produced more moisture that affected plant biomass allocation. 相似文献
20.
高山冰川前缘地带景观生态的发育与演替：以天山1号冰川前缘为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
高山冰川前缘地带长寿上于高寒的冰缘环境背景之下，其生态发展的发育具有原始性和简单性，随着冰川作用时间长短的变化，其冰碛母质，植被和土壤同步演替，并表现为一定的演替模式；在景观上也呈现出明显的生态分异特征。 相似文献