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1.
Stable isotopic compositions(δ18O and δD) have been utilized as a useful indicator for evaluating the current and historical climatic and environmental changes. Therefore, it is vital to understand the relationship between the stable isotopic contents in lake water and the variations of lake level, particularly in Lake Qinghai, China. In this study, we analyzed the variations of isotope compositions(δ18O, δD and d-excess) in lake water and precipitation by using the samples that were collected from Lake Qinghai region during the period from 2009 to 2012. The results showed that the average isotopic contents of δ18O and δD in lake water were higher than those in precipitation, which were contrary to the variations of d-excess. The linear regression correlations between δ18O and δD in lake water and precipitation showed that the local evaporative line(LEL) in lake water(δD=5.88δ18O–2.41) deviated significantly from the local meteoric water line(LMWL) in precipitation(δD=8.26δ18O+16.91), indicating that evaporative enrichment had a significant impact on isotopic contents in lake water. Moreover, we also quantified the E/I ratio(evaporation-to-input ratio) in Lake Qinghai based on the lake water isotopic enrichment model derived from the Rayleigh equation. The changes of E/I ratios(ranging from 0.29 to 0.36 between 2009 and 2012) clearly revealed the shifts of lake levels in Lake Qinghai in recent years. The average E/I ratio of 0.40 reflected that water budget in Lake Qinghai was positive, and consistent with the rising lake levels and the increasing lake areas in many lakes of the Tibetan Plateau. These findings provide some evidences for studying the hydrological balance or water budget by using δ18O values of lake sedimentary materials and contribute to the reconstruction of paleolake water level and paleoclimate from an isotopic enrichment model in Lake Qinghai.  相似文献   

2.
近45年青海省降水时空变化特征及突变分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  
采用青海省39个气象台站自建站至2009年的降水资料,运用空间插值技术、Mann-Kendall方法、滑动t检验、Yamamoto和偏值分析方法分析了青海省降水时空变化特征。结果表明:(1)青海省降水存在自东向西逐渐减少特征,从空间分布上可分为东北部、西北部和南部3个区域。(2)近45年来青海省降水总体上呈弱增长趋势,但逐年值围绕多年平均值的波动较大,降水量少于平均值的年份相对较多。西北部与东北部在80年代后期降水呈波动增加,直到90年代才出现降水的减少,而南部地区则在80年代中期降水就开始减少,并持续到90年代结束,表明90年代青海省处在一个降水偏低期。(3)青海省在研究时间段内出现微弱的降水突变信号,各分区突变时间具有显著差异,其中西北部地区的突变始于1985年左右,南部出现在1980年左右,东北部则出现在2003年左右。  相似文献   

3.
南疆地区近41年的温度变化及其对农业生产的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
选取南疆地区25个气象站点1961~2001年的平均气温数据资料,分析近41a南疆地区≥10℃积温,平均温度年、季变化倾向和周期性变化特征及对农业生产的影响。分析表明:(1)1961~2001年,南疆地区≥10℃积温值增加,变化周期以6a,12a为主,持续天数增多。(2)平均温度呈上升趋势,20世纪90年代为最暖时期。春夏秋三季平均温度上升幅度不大,冬季平均温度上升最显著,对气候变暖贡献最大。平均温度振荡周期以3~4a,8a居多,各季较为一致。(3)≥10℃积温值增加,喜温作物生长期热量资源显著增加。冬季平均温度,尤其是最冷月平均气温的升高,有利于越冬作物种植北界向北扩展,多熟制向北推移,喜温作物面积扩大,复种指数提高。(4)南疆地区冬季气候变暖,冬温偏高,也造成了如冬季农田土壤水分蒸发量增加,易成病虫害,增大防治难度等不利影响。  相似文献   

4.
近58年河西走廊地区气温变化及突变分析   总被引：18，自引：4，他引：14  
根据河西走廊地区敦煌、瓜州、酒泉、张掖、武威及乌鞘岭6个地面气象站1951-2008年的逐月平均气温、月平均最高、月平均最低气温资料,运用线性拟合、滑动平均和Mann-Kendall方法进行趋势和突变分析。研究表明:近58年来河西走廊地区年平均气温、最高气温、最低气温均呈上升趋势,其中最低气温的增温趋势明显大于平均气温和最高气温的上升趋势。年平均气温和最高气温暖突变均出现在20世纪90年代中后期,最低气温暖突变出现在1994年,气温年较差呈减小趋势。就各季而言,冬季气温的递增率最大,暖突变出现在80年代中后期,早于其他各季,说明河西走廊地区的增暖首先是从冬季开始的。  相似文献   

5.
中国西北地区气温异常的特征分析   总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6  
根据1960-1999年中国西北地区114个观测站的季、年平均气温资料,分析了气温的空间分布特征.使用EOF,REOF分析方法和小波分析方法,讨论了西北地区年平均气温异常的空间分布特征,并分析了不同区域年平均气温变化、冬半年(1月)和夏半年(7月)极端气温变化及周期变化的特点.结果表明:西北地区年平均气温异常的一致性是主要特点,也存在南北差异和高大地形与沙漠盆地、河流、草原的差异;除陕西外西北其他地区年平均气温普遍呈上升趋势;冬季极端最低气温有明显上升趋势,冬半年极端最低气温在整个气温上升趋势中起主要作用;西北地区不同区域的年平均气温变化有各自不同的周期性.  相似文献   

6.
新疆艾比湖流域近40年来气候变化特征分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
本文通过艾比湖流域分布的5个气象台站有关气温、降水、蒸发的多年数据,分析了近40a来艾比湖流域的气候变化特征。结果表明:近40a来年平均气温及春、夏、秋、冬四季气温均呈上升趋势,其中以冬季最为明显;年平均降水量及春、夏、冬季降水自90年代后出现增加趋势;年及四季蒸发量呈上升趋势,但90年代的年及各季蒸发量较80年代呈减少趋势,其中以夏季最为明显。该地区近10多年来气候发生了明显的变化,主要表现在气温升高,降水增多,蒸发量却有减少的趋势。  相似文献   

7.
Inland lakes are important water resources in arid and semiarid regions. Understanding climate effects on these lakes is critical to accurately evaluate the dynamic changes of water resources. This study focused on the changes in Sayram Lake of Xinjiang, China, and addressed the effects of climate fluctuations on the inland lake based on long-term sequenced remote sensing images and meteorological data from the past 40 years. A geographic information system (GIS) method was used to obtain the hypsometry of the basin area of Sayram Lake, and estimation methods for evaporation from rising temperature and water levels from increasing precipitation were proposed. Results showed that: (1) Areal values of Sayram Lake have increased over the past 40 years. (2) Both temperature and precipitation have increased with average increases of more than 1.8℃ and 82 mm, respectively. Variation of the water levels in the lake was consistent with local climate changes, and the areal values show linear relationships with local temperature and precipitation data. (3) According to the hypsometry data of the basin area, the estimated lake water levels increased by 2.8 m, and the water volume increased by 12.9×10 8 m3 over the past 40 years. The increasing area of Sayram Lake correlated with local and regional climatic changes because it is hardly affected by human activities.  相似文献   

8.
根据1960-2009年陕北地区逐月气温资料,运用Mann-Kendall法、小波分析、空间插值等方法,对陕北地区近50年来冬季气温的时空分布特征和突变、周期变化规律进行了分析。结果表明：冬季气温总体上呈现增暖的趋势,其线性增长率为0.55℃/10a,相当于近50年冬季气温升高了2.76℃。冬季气温存在15、10 a和...  相似文献   

9.
Lakes play important roles in sustaining the ecosystem and economic development in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China, but the spatial patterns and driving mechanisms of water quality in lakes so far remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the spatial changes in water quality and the driving factors of seven lakes (Juyanhai Lake, Ulansuhai Lake, Hongjiannao Lake, Daihai Lake, Chagannaoer Lake, Hulun Lake, and Wulannuoer Lake) across the longitudinal axis (from the west to the east) of Inner Mongolia. Large-scale research was conducted using the comprehensive trophic level index (TLI (Σ)), multivariate statistics, and spatial analysis methods. The results showed that most lakes in Inner Mongolia were weakly alkaline. Total dissolved solids and salinity of lake water showed obvious zonation characteristics. Nitrogen and phosphorus were identified as the main pollutants in lakes, with high average concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus being of 4.05 and 0.21 mg/L, respectively. The values of TLI (Σ) ranged from 49.14 to 71.77, indicating varying degrees of lake eutrophication, and phosphorus was the main driver of lake eutrophication. The lakes of Inner Mongolia could be categorized into lakes to the west of Daihai Lake and lakes to the east of Daihai Lake in terms of salinity and TLI (Σ). The salinity levels of lakes to the west of Daihai Lake exceeded those of lakes to the east of Daihai Lake, whereas the opposite trend was observed for lake trophic level. The intensity and mode of anthropogenic activities were the driving factors of the spatial patterns of lake water quality. It is recommended to control the impact of anthropogenic activities on the water quality of lakes in Inner Mongolia to improve lake ecological environment. These findings provide a more thorough understanding of the driving mechanism of the spatial patterns of water quality in lakes of Inner Mongolia, which can be used to develop strategies for lake ecosystem protection and water resources management in this region.  相似文献   

10.
The vegetation ecosystem of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau in China,considered to be the′′natural laboratory′′of climate change in the world,has undergone profound changes under the stress of global change.Herein,we analyzed and discussed the spatial-temporal change patterns and the driving mechanisms of net primary productivity(NPP)in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau from 2000 to 2015 based on the gravity center and correlation coefficient models.Subsequently,we quantitatively distinguished the relative effects of climate change(such as precipitation,temperature and evapotranspiration)and human activities(such as grazing and ecological construction)on the NPP changes using scenario analysis and Miami model based on the MOD17A3 and meteorological data.The average annual NPP in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau showed a decreasing trend from the southeast to the northwest during 2000–2015.With respect to the inter-annual changes,the average annual NPP exhibited a fluctuating upward trend from 2000 to 2015,with a steep increase observed in 2005 and a high fluctuation observed from 2005 to 2015.In the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau,the regions with the increase in NPP(change rate higher than 10%)were mainly concentrated in the Three-River Source Region,the northern Hengduan Mountains,the middle and lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River,and the eastern parts of the North Tibet Plateau,whereas the regions with the decrease in NPP(change rate lower than–10%)were mainly concentrated in the upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River and the Ali Plateau.The gravity center of NPP in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau has moved southwestward during 2000–2015,indicating that the increment and growth rate of NPP in the southwestern part is greater than those of NPP in the northeastern part.Further,a significant correlation was observed between NPP and climate factors in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.The regions exhibiting a significant correlation between NPP and precipitation were mainly located in the central and eastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau,and the regions exhibiting a significant correlation between NPP and temperature were mainly located in the southern and eastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.Furthermore,the relative effects of climate change and human activities on the NPP changes in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau exhibited significant spatial differences in three types of zones,i.e.,the climate change-dominant zone,the human activity-dominant zone,and the climate change and human activity interaction zone.These research results can provide theoretical and methodological supports to reveal the driving mechanisms of the regional ecosystems to the global change in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.  相似文献   

11.
基于RS和GIS的内蒙古达里诺尔湖1999-2010年动态监测   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
近10年来干旱和半干旱地区的内陆湖泊发生了巨大变化,有的稳定、有的萎缩,有的消失。文中以多时相LandSat TM/ETM+影像和早期1:5万地形图为数据源,选择内蒙古地区第二大湖泊达里诺尔为研究区域,从面积、变化率和空间分异特征等多个方面对该湖泊近12年的变化过程进行分析。结果表明:达里诺尔湖从1999年到2010年湖泊重心西移岸线的发育系数减小,面积由220.3389km2缩减到190.0944km2,面积缩减了30.2445km2,年平均变化率为-0.012479%;对邻近三个气象台站50年气象资料的分析表明,湖泊萎缩的主要因素是气温的升高,蒸发量的上升以及降水量的减少。  相似文献   

12.
西安市气温和降水变化趋势分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
利用西安市1961-2009年的月平均气温与降水资料,对西安市气候特征及动态变化进行分析。结果显示：年平均气温及春、秋、冬季气温呈上升趋势,增温率分别为0.3 ℃/10 a,0.54 ℃/10 a,0.23 ℃/10 a和0.42 ℃/10 a,春、冬季升温明显。1月平均气温总趋势上升,升温率为0.23 ℃/10 a,20世纪80年代开始7月升温明显。年降水量有减少倾向,春、秋季降水明显减少,其中春季减少率为-14.8 mm/10 a,而夏季降水明显增加,增长率为21.8 mm/10 a,冬季降水小幅度增加。80年代及2001-2009年汛期年均降水较多。春、夏、秋季气温与降水有较好的相关性,而全年及冬季气温与降水相关规律不明显。  相似文献   

13.
Qinghai Lake is the largest saline lake in China.The change in the lake volume is an indicator of the variation in water resources and their response to climate change on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP)in China.The present study quantitatively evaluated the effects of climate change and land use/cover change(LUCC)on the lake volume of the Qinghai Lake in China from 1958 to 2018,which is crucial for water resources management in the Qinghai Lake Basin.To explore the effects of climate change and LUCC on the Qinghai Lake volume,we analyzed the lake level observation data and multi-period land use/land cover(LULC)data by using an improved lake volume estimation method and Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs(InVEST)model.Our results showed that the lake level decreased at the rate of 0.08 m/a from 1958 to 2004 and increased at the rate of 0.16 m/a from 2004 to 2018.The lake volume decreased by 105.40×108 m3 from 1958 to 2004,with the rate of 2.24×108 m3/a,whereas it increased by 74.02×108 m3 from 2004 to 2018,with the rate of 4.66×108 m3/a.Further,the climate of the Qinghai Lake Basin changed from warm-dry to warm-humid.From 1958 to 2018,the increase in precipitation and the decrease in evaporation controlled the change of the lake volume,which were the main climatic factors affecting the lake volume change.From 1977 to 2018,the measured water yield showed an"increase-decrease-increase"fluctuation in the Qinghai Lake Basin.The effects of climate change and LUCC on the measured water yield were obviously different.From 1977 to 2018,the contribution rate of LUCC was -0.76% and that of climate change was 100.76%;the corresponding rates were 8.57% and 91.43% from 1977 to 2004,respectively,and -4.25% and 104.25% from 2004 to 2018,respectively.Quantitative analysis of the effects and contribution rates of climate change and LUCC on the Qinghai Lake volume revealed the scientific significance of climate change and LUCC,as well as their individual and combined effects in the Qinghai Lake Basin and on the QTP.This study can contribute to the water resources management and regional sustainable development of the Qinghai Lake Basin.  相似文献   

14.
近50年青海降水时空格局变化   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
利用青海省32个气象站1961-2010年逐月降水资料,结合线性倾向估计、距平分析和Mann-Kendall检验对降水量年际、月际分布及变化趋势进行分析,进而依据功率谱和GIS方法揭示该区降水量的振荡周期和空间格局。结果表明:50年来,青海年降水量总体上呈现小幅增加趋势,线性倾向率为3.3mm/(10a);年内降水主要集中在5-9月,占全年的86.1%,月际正负距平变化相对较大;年代际降水变化阶段性明显,特别是21世纪以来增加态势显著;Mann-Kendall检验表明近20年年降水量和四季降水量(除冬季),均呈增加趋势;青海降水量空间格局基本呈东多西少、南多北少形势,且该区大部分降水量线性倾向率大于1.5mm/(10a);功率谱分析则显示该区降水振荡周期为准2a和3-4a。  相似文献   

15.
甘肃省近50年降水量及气候变化趋势研究   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  
应用线性倾向估算法、累积距平以及Mann-Kendall法对甘肃省1957-2006年以来的降水量、温度、风速、日照百分率的变化趋势和突变进行了分析。结果表明:总体而言甘肃省近50年来的平均降水量存在减少趋势,但河西中部、西部地区的降水量表现出增加的趋势;从四季降水量变化来看,除冬季降水量增加外,其余季节降水量均出现不同程度的减小,秋季减小趋势更为明显;降水量趋势突变发生在20世纪90年代。甘肃省近50年来的平均气温表现出增加趋势,其倾向率为0.21℃/10a,在1996年发生突变;风速为减小趋势,突变发生时间为1985年;日照百分率也表现出增加趋势,其倾向率为0.17%/10a。  相似文献   

16.
近半个世纪来锡林郭勒盟地区气温变化特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
利用近49年（1960～2008年）锡林郭勒盟各台站的气温资料,对锡林郭勒盟地区近49年的年、季节平均气温和最低气温及最高气温变化特征进行对比分析。结果表明：上述各气温均呈上升趋势,平均、最低、秋季最高气温上升明显。全盟年平均气温增温速率为0.43℃/10a,偏大于全国增温速率。最低气温增温比平均增温显著,平均气温增温...  相似文献   

17.
青海湖区生态环境变化及其成因分析   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3  
青海湖区生态环境问题十分突出,集中表现为,湖水位持续下降,湖面萎缩,水环境趋于恶化;天然草场退化,土地沙化;生物多样性弱化,珍稀濒危野生动物濒临灭绝,渔业资源濒临枯竭等。分析其成因主要受到人类活动和自然气候变化双重作用影响,一是近40年青海湖地区的气温变化,具有明显的升温趋势,平均10年尺度上升温0.36℃,同期,降水量波动且略呈减少态势;二是入湖水量减少,对青海湖鱼类生长繁殖影响较大;三是草地开垦,超载过牧与樵采,构建围栏等人类活动剧烈。为此提出构建社会-经济-自然复合生态系统和谐的发展模式和开展沙漠化防治工程建设与制定青海湖综合整治规划的综合治理措施。  相似文献   

18.
祁连山区气候变化与流域径流特征研究   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5  
用气候学、水文学及统计学方法,分析了国家级祁连山森林生态站长期定位监测数据,气温、降水对流域径流的影响关系,据此研究了该流域水热条件下流域径流,分析得出试验流域多年平均降水量为354.3mm,年平均气温为1.6℃,年平均出山径流为118.2mm,径流系数为0.33;随着季节温度的升高,径流量呈增加之势,反之亦然;随季节降水量的增加,径流量同时也呈增加的趋势。研究表明了温度、降水与流域出山径流量密切相关,为不同季节气候变化对流域径流的影响提供科学依据。  相似文献   

19.
青海湖流域沙柳河草甸群落结构与数量特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
沿青海湖流域沙柳河河岸,选取多个断面进行样方调查,分析沿沙柳河距河流入湖处不同距离、垂直河岸方向上草甸群落结构、地上生物量以及物种多样性的变化特征,并讨论影响群落结构变化的生境因子。结果表明：① 在所调查的样地中,有草本植物52种,隶属39属,13科。平均总盖度为70%,平均地上生物量为131 g•m-2。② 随着离湖距离的增加,Shannon-Wiener指数、物种丰富度、物种均匀度指数、地上生物量呈现先增加后略微减小的趋势,盖度的变化趋势是先增加后不变。土壤含水量和土壤含盐量、海拔等可能是影响植物群落空间分布差异的主要原因。③ Shannon-Wiener指数、物种丰富度与地上生物量呈现不明显的线性关系。  相似文献   

20.
近56 a新疆北部地区气候变化特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
根据新疆北部40个站点1961-2016年逐日气温、降水数据,采用数理统计、倾向率法、Mann-Kendall突变检验和小波分析等方法,研究北疆地区近56 a气候变化特征、变化趋势以及变化的空间差异。结果表明:在研究时段内,气候总体呈气温升高、降水量增加的暖湿化趋势,年平均气温以0.34℃·(10a)^-1速率上升,年降水量递增速率12.05 mm·(10a)^-1;Mann-Kendall突变检验显示,气温在1991年发生突变后升高,降水量1987年出现突变后逐渐增多;年平均气温变化表现出6 a、14 a和28 a周期性规律,降水量变化有4 a、12 a和22 a的规律;在空间上,气温增速东西大于南北,降水量增量山区多于平原和盆地,西部多于东部。  相似文献   

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