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1.
Oxytocin neurons have a physiological role in food intake and energy balance. Several studies have shown that central histaminergic and adrenergic systems synapse on oxytocin neurons but there is no information for their interaction on food intake regulation in birds. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of α-fluoromethylhistidine (α-FMH, histidine decarboxylase inhibitor), chlorpheniramine (histamine H1 receptors antagonist), famotidine (histamine H2 receptors antagonist), thioperamide (histamine H3 receptors antagonist), prazosin (α1 receptor antagonist), yohimbine (α2 receptor antagonist), metoprolol (β1 adrenergic receptor antagonist), ICI 118,551 (β2 adrenergic receptor antagonist) and SR59230R (β3 adrenergic receptor antagonist) on oxytocin-induced hypophagia in 3-h food-deprived (FD 3) neonatal broiler chicken. In Experiment 1, 3 h-fasted chicks were given an ICV injection of saline, α-FMH (250 nmol), oxytocin (10 μg) and co-injection of α-FMH + oxytocin. Experiments 2–9 were similar to experiment 1 except birds were injected with chlorpheniramine (300 nmol), famotidine (82 nmol), thioperamide (300 nmol), prazosin (10 nmol), yohimbine (13 nmol), metoprolol (24 nmol), ICI 118,551(5 nmol) and SR59230R (20 nmol) instead of α-FMH, respectively. After injection cumulative food intake was measured until 120 min post injection. According to the results, ICV injection of oxytocin significantly decreased food intake in broiler chickens ( P < 0.001). ICV injection of α-FMH significantly attenuated hypophagic effect of oxytocin ( P < 0.001). Also, co-injection of chlorpheniramine plus oxytocin significantly decreased the effect of oxytocin on food intake ( P < 0.001). Co-administration of thioperamide and oxytocin significantly amplified hypophagic effect of oxytocin in chickens ( P < 0.001). In addition, ICI 118,551 attenuated hypophagic effect of oxytocin ( P < 0.001); while famotidine, prazosin, yohimbine, metoprolol and SR59230R had no effect on oxytocin- induced food intake in FD3 broiler chickens. These results suggest that the effect of oxytocin on food intake is probably mediated by histaminergic (via H1 and H3 receptors) and noradrenergic (via β2 receptors) systems in broiler chickens. 相似文献
2.
Melanocortin 3 and 4 receptors (MC 3R and MC 4R) are known as the main receptors for melanocortin-induced hypophagia in mammalian and poultry. Also, central glutamatergic system has mediatory role on function of the melanocortin system in some brain areas. So, the aim of the current study was to determine the role of MC 3/MC 4 receptors agonist on food intake and its interaction with glutamatergic in 3-h food-deprived (FD 3) neonatal broilers. In experiment 1, chickens were intracerebroventricular (ICV) injected with control solution, MTII (MC 3/MC 4 receptors agonist; 2.45, 4.8 and 9.8 pmol). In experiment 2, control solution, SHU9119 (MC 3/MC 4 receptors antagonist; 0.5, 1 and 2 nmol) were ICV injected. In experiment 3, birds ICV injected with control solution, SHU9119 (0.5 nmol), MTII (9.8 pmol) and co-injection of the SHU9119 + MTII. Experiments 4–8 were similar to experiment 3, except birds injected with MK-801 (NMDA glutamate receptors antagonist, 15 nmol), CNQX (AMPA glutamate receptors antagonist; 390 nmol), AIDA (mGLUR 1 glutamate receptors antagonist; 2 nmol), LY341495 (mGLUR 2 glutamate receptors antagonist; 150 nmol) and UBP1112 (mGLUR 3 glutamate receptors antagonist; 2 nmol) instead of SHU9119. Then, cumulative food intake was recorded until 120 min after injection. According to the results, dose dependent hypophagia observed after ICV injection of the MTII ( p < 0.05). ICV injection of SHU9119 significantly increased food intake in birds ( p < 0.05). Co-injection of SHU9119 + MTII significantly inhibited MTII- induced hypophagia in neonatal chicks ( p < 0.05). In addition, hypophagia- induced by MTII was significantly attenuated with co-injection of MTII + MK-801( p < 0.05). These results suggested MC 3 and MC 4 receptors have inhibitory role on food intake and this effect is probably mediated by NMDA glutamate receptors in neonatal chickens. 相似文献
3.
The aim of the current study was to investigate the interaction of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and histaminergic systems on appetite regulation in broilers. Effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of α-fluoromethylhistidine (α-FMH, histidine decarboxylase inhibitor), chlorpheniramine (histamine H1 receptor antagonist), famotidine (histamine H2 receptor antagonist) and thioperamide (histamine H3 receptor antagonist) on LPS-induced hypophagia in broilers were studied. A total of 128 broilers were randomly allocated into 4 experiments (4 groups and 8 replications in each experiment). A cannula was surgically implanted into the lateral ventricle. In Experiment 1, broilers were ICV injected with LPS (20 ng) prior to α-FMH (250 nmol). In Experiment 2, chickens were ICV injected with LPS followed by chlorpheniramine (300 nmol). In Experiment 3, broilers were ICV injected with famotidine (82 nmol) after LPS (20 ng). In Experiment 4, ICV injection of LPS was followed by thioperamide (300 nmol). Then, cumulative food intake was recorded until 4 h post-injection. According to the results, LPS significantly decreased food intake. Chlorpheniramine significantly amplified food intake, and LPS-induced hypophagia was lessened by injection of chlorpheniramine. α-FMH, famotidine and thioperamide had no effect on LPS-induced hypophagia. These results suggest that there is an interaction between central LPS and the histaminergic system where LPS-induced hypophagia is mediated by H1 histamine receptors in 3 h food-deprived broilers.
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4.
Recently, methylamine has been found as an endogenous amine, which is controling food intake in mammals. However, there is no evidence about the effect of methylamine on feeding behavior in poultry. So, the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of methylamine and involvement of central methylamine/dopaminergic systems on feeding behavior in neonatal meat type chicks. In experiment 1, chicks were ICV injected with different doses of methylamine (0.48, 0.96, 1.44, 1.92 and 2.40 μmol). In experiment 2, chicks received a dose of either the control solution, 2.40 μmol methylamine, 125 nmol L-DOPA (dopamine precursor) or a combination of methylamine plus L-DOPA. Experiments 3–7 were similar to experiment 2 except that 150 nmol 6-OHDA (dopamine synthase inhibitor), 5 nmol SCH23390 (D1 receptor antagonist), 5 nmol AMI-193 (D2 receptor antagonist), 6.4 nmol NGB2904 (D3 receptor antagonist) and 6 nmol L-741, 742 (D4 receptor antagonist) were used instead of 125 nmol L-DOPA, respectively. Cumulative food intake was determined until 2 h post-injection. According to the results, methylamine significantly decreased food intake in a dose dependent manner ( p < 0.05). The inhibitory effect of methylamine on food intake was significantly attenuated by 6-OHDA, SCH23390 and AMI-193 ( P < 0.05), but NGB2904 and L-741, 742 had no effect on food intake induced by methylamine. In addition, hypophagic effect of methylamine significantly amplified by L-DOPA ( P < 0.05). These results suggest that methylamine decrease food intake and there is an interaction between methylamine and dopaminergic system via D1 and D2 receptors in chickens. 相似文献
5.
The present study was designed to examine the effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of Dopamine (10, 20 and 40 nmol), L-DOPA (dopamine precursor; 62.5, 125 and 250 nmol), 6-OHDA (dopamine inhibitor; 75, 150 and 300 nmol), SCH 23390 (D 1 antagonist; 2.5, 5 and 10 nmol), AMI-193 (D 2 antagonist; 2.5, 5 and 10 nmol), NGB2904 (D 3 antagonist; 3.2, 6.4 and 12.8 nmol), L-741 T742 (D 4 antagonist; 1.5, 3 and 6 nmol) on food intake in FD 3 chickens. At following, birds were ICV injected using 8-OH-DPAT (5-HT 1A agonist; 15.25 nmol) and SB242084 (5-HT 2C antagonist; 1.5 μg) prior dopamine (40 nmol) injection. Cumulative food intake was determined until 3 h post-injection. According to the results, dopamine significantly decreased food intake in chickens ( p?<?0.05). The inhibitory effect of dopamine on food intake was decreased by SCH 23390 pretreatment ( P?<?0.05), but AMI-193, NGB2904 and L-741, 742 had no effect on food intake induced by dopamine. In addition, hypophagic effect of dopamine was attenuated by SB242084 ( P?<?0.05), but 8-OH-DPAT had no effect. These results suggest that dopamine decrease food intake via D 1 receptor and there is an interaction between dopaminergic and serotonergic systems via 5-HT 2C receptor in chickens. 相似文献
6.
It has been reported that serotonin can modulate glutamate and GABA release in central nervous system (CNS). The present study was designed to examine the role of glutamatergic and GABAergic systems on serotonin- induced feeding behavior in chickens. In Experiment 1 intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of MK- 801(NMDA receptor antagonist, 15 nmol) performed followed by serotonin (10 μg). In experiments 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 prior to serotonin injection, chickens received CNQX (AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist, 390 nmol), AIDA (mGluR1 antagonist, 2 nmol), LY341495 (mGluR2 antagonist, 150 nmol), UBP1112 (mGluR3 antagonist, 2 nmol), picrotoxin (GABA A receptor antagonist, 0.5 μg), CGP54626 (GABAB receptor antagonist, 20 ng) respectively. Cumulative food intake was determined at 3 h post injection. The results of this study showed that the hypophagic effect of serotonin was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with MK- 801 and CNQX ( p?<?0.05) but AIDA, LY341495 and UBP1112 had no effect ( p?>?0.05). Also, the inhibitory effect of serotonin on food intake was amplified by picrotoxin ( p?<?0.05) while CGP54626 had no effect ( p?>?0.05). These results suggest that serotonin as a modulator probably interacts with glutamatergic (via NMDA and AMPA/Kainate receptors) and GABAergic (via GABAA receptor) systems on feeding behavior in chicken. 相似文献
7.
1. The present study was conducted to investigate whether brain somatostatin increases feed intake in neonatal chickens. The mediating role of neuropeptide Y receptors on feed intake induced by somatostatin was investigated. 2. In this study, seven experiments were designed, each with four treatment groups (n = 44 in each experiment). In Experiment 1, chicks received control solution and 0.5, 1 and 2 nmol of somatostatin through intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection. In experiments 2, 3 and 4, chickens were ICV injected with control solution and 1.25, 2.5 and 5 μg of B5063 (NPY1 receptor antagonist), SF22 (NPY2 receptor antagonist) and SML0891 (NPY5 receptor antagonist), respectively. In experiment 5, 6 and 7 chickens received ICV injection of B5063, SF22, SML0891, with a co-injection of + somatostatin, control solution and somatostatin. The cumulative feed intake was measured until 120 min post injection. 3. Somatostatin significantly increased feed intake in FD3 chicks. Both B5063 and SML0891 dose-dependently decreased feed intake compared with the control group, while SF22 led to a dose-dependent increase in feed intake. In addition, the hyperphagic effect of somatostatin significantly decreased with co-injection of B560 plus somatostatin (p < 0.05), but SF22 and SML0891 had no effect on feed intake induced by somatostatin in chicks (p > 0.05). 4. Based on the results of this study, it is likely that somatostatin increased feed intake and NPY1 receptor acts as a mediator in hyperphagic effect of somatostatin in neonatal chicks. 相似文献
8.
1. Serotoninergic and adrenergic systems play crucial roles in feed intake regulation in avians but there is no report on possible interactions among them. So, in this study, 5 experiments were designed to evaluate the interaction of central serotonergic and adrenergic systems on food intake regulation in 3 h food deprived (FD 3) neonatal layer-type chickens. 2. In Experiment 1, chickens received intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of control solution, serotonin (56.74 nmol), prazosin (α1 receptor antagonist, 10 nmol) and co-injection of serotonin plus prazosin. In Experiment 2, control solution, serotonin (56.74 nmol), yohimbine (α2 receptor antagonist, 13 nmol) and co-injection of serotonin plus yohimbine were used. In Experiment 3, the birds received control solution, serotonin (56.74 nmol), metoprolol (β1 receptor antagonist, 24 nmol) and co-injection of serotonin plus metoprolol. In Experiment 4, injections were control solution, serotonin (56.74 nmol), ICI 118.551 (β2 receptor antagonist, 5 nmol) and serotonin plus ICI 118.551. In Experiment 5, control solution, serotonin (56.74 nmol), SR59230R (β3 receptor antagonist, 20 nmol) and co-administration of serotonin and SR59230R were injected. In all experiments the cumulative food intake was measured until 120 min post injection. 3. The results showed that ICV injection of serotonin alone decreased food intake in chickens. A combined injection of serotonin plus ICI 118.551 significantly attenuated serotonin-induced hypophagia. Also, co-administration of serotonin and yohimbine significantly amplified the hypophagic effect of serotonin. However, prazosin, metoprolol and SR59230R had no effect on serotonin-induced hypophagia in chickens. 4. These results suggest that serotonin-induced feeding behaviour is probably mediated via α2 and β2 adrenergic receptors in neonatal layer-type chicken. 相似文献
9.
In a completely randomized block design with 96 Cobb-500 broilers, a study was conducted to evaluate the potential of dietary inclusion of sprouted then roasted guar bean in broiler diets. The 96 male day-old broiler chicks, blocked by pen into equal weight groups of six chicks replicated four times per treatment, were randomly allocated to treatment diets containing graded levels of sprouted then roasted guar bean meal (GBM) at 0, 50, 100 and 150 g kg ?1 inclusion level. The guar bean was sprouted and roasted to reduce guar gum effect. Total feed intake decreased significantly as the guar bean meal content increased in the starter phase ( P < 0.05), but no significant differences in intake of the finisher phase ( P > 0.05) were observed. Diets containing 0 and 50 g kg ?1 GBM recorded significantly higher total feed intake compared to the diet containing 150 g kg ?1 GBM. Although average weight gain was not significantly different in birds fed 0 and 50 g kg ?1 GBM diets, it was significantly higher than in birds fed on 100 and 150 g kg ?1 GBM diets. Feed conversion ratio was not significantly different among treatment groups ( P > 0.05) but showed a general decreasing trend with increasing guar bean meal inclusion level, the effect being more pronounced during the starter phase. In conclusion, the optimum inclusion level of sprouted then roasted guar bean meal in broiler diets is 50 g kg ?1. 相似文献
10.
1. The aim of the current study was to determine the effects of the central dopaminergic system on N/OFQ-induced feed intake in 3-h feed-deprived neonatal broilers. 2. In experiment 1, chicken received intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of a control solution, SCH 23 390 (D1 receptors antagonist, 5 nmol), N/OFQ (16 nmol) or their combination (SCH23 390 + N/OFQ). In experiment 2, a control solution, AMI-193 (D2 receptors antagonist, 5 nmol), N/OFQ (16 nmol) or their combination (AMI-193 + N/OFQ) were ICV injected into chickens. In experiment 3, birds received ICV injections of a control solution, NGB2904 (D3 receptors antagonist, 6.4 nmol), N/OFQ (16 nmol) and co-injection of NGB2904 + N/OFQ. In experiment 4, ICV injections of the control solution, L-741,742 (D4 receptors antagonist, 6 nmol), N/OFQ (16 nmol) or their combination (L-741,742 + N/OFQ) were applied to broilers. In experiment 5, birds were ICV injected with control solution, L-DOPA (dopamine precursor, 125 nmol), N/OFQ (16 nmol) and L-DOPA + N/OFQ. Cumulative feed intake was recorded until 120 min after injection. 3. According to the results, ICV injection of N/OFQ significantly increased feed intake (P < 0.05). Co-injection of N/OFQ and D1 receptor antagonist (SCH 23390) amplified hyperphagic effect of N/OFQ (P < 0.05). The N/OFQ-induced feed intake was increased by the D2 receptor antagonist (P < 0.05). The hyperphagic effect of N/PFQ was weakened by co-injection of L-DOPA + N/OFQ (P < 0.05). 4. These results suggested that an interaction exists between dopamine and N/OFQ via D1 and D2 receptors on central feed intake in neonatal broiler chickens. 相似文献
11.
The aim of the current study was to investigate the interaction of the nitric oxide and cannabinoidergic systems on feeding behaviour in neonatal chicken. A total of 6 experiments were designed to evaluate the interaction between cannabinoidergic and nitrergic systems on food intake in 3-h food-deprived (FD3) neonatal chickens. In Experiment 1, chickens received intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of saline, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) (a CB1 receptor agonist, 2 µg), l-arginine (nitric oxide precursor, 200 nmol) and co-administration of 2-AG + l-arginine. In Experiment 2, ICV injection of saline, 2-AG (2 µg), l-NAME (a nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor, 100 nmol) and their combination (2-AG + l-NAME) were applied to the birds. In Experiment 3, injections were saline, CB65 (a CB2 receptor agonist, 1.25 µg), l-arginine (200 nmol) and CB65 + l-arginine. In Experiment 4, birds received ICV injection of saline, CB65 (1.25 µg), l-NAME (100 nmol) and CB65 + l-NAME. In Experiment 5, chickens were ICV injected with saline, l-arginine (800 nmol), SR141716A (a selective CB1 receptor antagonist, 6.25 µg) and l-arginine + SR141716A. In Experiment 6, birds were injected with saline, l-arginine (800 nmol), AM630 (a selective CB2 receptor antagonist, 5 µg) and l-arginine + AM630. Cumulative food intake was recorded until 2-h post injection. ICV injection of CB1 and CB2 receptor agonists increased food intake. Co-injection of 2-AG + l-NAME increased the hyperphagic effects of CB1 receptors. CB2 receptor-induced food intake was not affected by co-administration of CB65 + l-NAME. l-Arginine decreased food intake and this effect was amplified by co-injection of l-arginine + SR141716A. However; CB2 receptor antagonists had no effect on l-arginine-induced hypophagia. The results suggest that there is an interaction between endogenous nitric oxide and the cannabinoidergic system on feeding behaviour which is mediated via CB1 receptors in the neonatal chicken.
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12.
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of Nigella sativa L. seeds, Rosmarinus officinalis L. leaves and their combination on rumen metabolism, nutrient intake and digestibility, growth performance, immune response and blood metabolites in Dorper lambs. Twenty-four entire male Dorper lambs (18.68?±?0.6 kg, 4–5 months old) were randomly assigned to a concentrate mixture containing on a dry matter basis either, no supplement (control, T1), 1% R. officinalis leaves (T2), 1% N. sativa seeds (T3) or 1% R. officinalis leaves +1% N. sativa seeds (T4). The lambs had ad libitum access to urea-treated rice straw (UTRS) and were raised for 90 days. Supplemented lambs had greater ( P?< 0.05) intake of DM and UTRS than the control lambs. The T4 lambs had lower ( P?< 0.05) nutrient digestibility than those fed other treatments. Total and daily weight gain was greater ( P?< 0.05) in T2 lambs than those fed other diets. The T3 and T4 lambs had greater ( P?< 0.05) ruminal pH than the T1 and T2 lambs. Supplemented lambs had lower ( P?<?0.05) ruminal total volatile fatty acids, acetate, propionate, NH 3-N and C18:0 than the control lambs. The T4 lambs had lower ( P?< 0.05) population of Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus, methanogens and total protozoa compared with those fed other diets. Supplemented lambs had lower ( P?< 0.05) neutrophils, basophils and serum urea and greater ( P?<?0.05) serum IgA and IgG compared with the control lambs. The current results emphasised the variation in the efficacy of medicinal plants in ruminant nutrition. 相似文献
13.
The objective of the study was to determine growth performance, viscera organ development, economic benefit and sensory characteristics of meat from broilers finished on Acacia anguistissima leaf meal-based diets. One hundred and eighty Cobb 500-day-old chicks were used in the study. Acacia anguistissima was used as a protein source and included in broiler diets at 0, 50 and 100 g/kg. Total feed intake (TFI), average daily gain (ADG), and gain to feed ratio (G:F) and cost benefit analysis were determined. There were no differences in TFI of broilers across treatments diets. Average daily gain and gain to feed (G:F) ratio were low ( P?<?0.05) for broilers feeding on diet with100 g/kg acacia meal. Highest returns from weight gain were obtained from broiler chickens fed on diet with 50 g/kg inclusion level of A. anguistissima ( P?<?0.05). Intestinal length increased with inclusion level of A. anguistissima whereas liver and spleen weight decreased with inclusion level of A. anguistissima ( P?<?0.05) . Female consumers gave higher scores for overall flavour intensity than male consumers ( P?<?0.05). Treatment diets influenced consumer sensory characteristics of broiler meat ( P?<?0.05). High sensory scores were observed for overall flavour intensity (OFI) for both boiled and deep fried meat from broilers fed 100 g/kg A. anguistissima. It can be concluded that A. anguistissima meal can be used effectively up to 50 g/kg in broiler diets without compromising performance of chickens and can influence a few sensory characteristics. 相似文献
14.
The effect of spineless cactus intake ( Opuntia ficus-indica) on blood glucose (BG) levels in lactating sows and its impact on daily and total feed intake (dFI ?1 and TFI, respectively), body weight loss (BWL), and weaning-estrus interval length (WEI) were evaluated. Thirty-four hybrid (Yorkshire × Landrace × Pietrain) sows in lactation phase were used. Sows were divided into two groups: G1 ( n = 17) where they received commercial feed and G2 ( n = 17) provided with commercial feed plus an average of 2.0 ± 0.5 kg spineless cactus, based on a sow’s body weight. The variables evaluated were BG, dFI ?1, TFI, BWL, and WEI. Statistical analysis was performed by using a fixed and mixed model methodology, under a repeated measurements experiment. Group effects were found on all analyzed variables ( P < 0.05). The BG was lower in G2 (55.2 and 64.5 mg/dL pre- and post-prandial, respectively), compared to that in G1 (70.9 and 80.1 mg/dL pre- and post-prandial, respectively) ( P < 0.05). G2 showed better performance than G1 for dFI ?1, BWL, and WEI ( P < 0.05) whose averages were 5.5 ± 1.8 kg, 7.4 ± 4.5%, and 5.3 ± 1.2 days, respectively. Averages for these variables in G1 were 4.7 ± 1.5 kg, 16.8 ± 4.6%, and 6.1 ± 1.6 days, respectively. Intake of spineless cactus reduced BG levels in lactating sows, generating greater dFI ?1, lower BWL at the end of lactation, and a lower WEI. 相似文献
15.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of Morinda lucida leaf meal (MLLM) on the haematology, biochemical and organ changes of broiler chickens. One hundred and ninety-eight day-old Marshall broiler chicks were completely randomised into 6 treatments in a 3?×?2 factorial arrangement of three levels of M. lucida leaf meal supplementation (0, 0.1 and 0.2 g/kg) with or without medication. The treatment consisted of both negative (without MLLM and routine medication) and positive (containing no MLLM but with routine medication) control groups while each treatment was replicated thrice. MLLM-supplemented diets and routine medication decreased ( p?<?0.05) the white blood cell count compared to the negative control. Dietary supplementation with MLLM in combination with normal routine medication increased ( p?<?0.05) total serum protein when compared with treatment group without MLLM and routine medication. Dietary supplementation with MLLM and routine medication reduced ( p?<?0.05) serum creatinine concentration of the broiler chickens. Birds fed with 0.2 g/kg MLLM supplement coupled with medication and those on negative control had higher ( p?<?0.05) creatinine values. Serum enzyme activities reduced ( p?<?0.05) following supplementation. MLLM supplementation recorded no significant effect ( p?>?0.05) on the liver, kidney, heart and gizzard. M. lucida leaf meal can be compared to routine medication for improved health status of broiler chickens. Dietary inclusion with 0.1 g/kg MLML combined with routine medication could be used in producing healthy and safe chickens. 相似文献
16.
This study evaluated the performance and carcass characteristics of lambs fed diets with increasing levels of Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) hay replacing Buffel grass ( Cenchrus ciliaris). Twenty-eight Santa Inês male lambs with an average body weight (BW) of 20.3 ± 1.49 kg(mean ± SD) were allocated in individual stalls and distributed in a completely random design with four treatments (0, 20, 40, and 60 g/100 g total DM M. tenuiflora hay replacing Buffel grass hay in diet) with seven replications. M. tenuiflora hay at the level of 20% dry matter (DM) total replacing Buffel grass hay increased final weight ( P = 0.006), total weight gain ( P < 0.001), average daily weight gain (ADWG; P < 0.001), DM intake ( P < 0.001), and feed efficiency ( P < 0.001). Intake of crude protein, NDF ap, ADF ap, ash, ether extract, total and non-fibrous carbohydrates, and total digestible nutrients presented a positive quadratic effect with M. tenuiflora hay replacing Buffel grass hay and 40 g/100 g total DM level presented greater intake. There were positive quadratic effects by M. tenuiflora hay inclusion at 20 g/100 g total DM level on slaughtering weight ( P = 0.005), hot carcass weight ( P = 0.002), cold carcass weight ( P = 0.002), empty body weight ( P = 0.001), hot carcass yield ( P = 0.002), cold carcass yield ( P = 0.003), and increase linear on biological yield ( P = 0.003). There was no influence on cooling weight loss ( P = 0.284). M. tenuiflora hay may be included in lamb diets at amounts up to 20 g/100 g total DM substitution of Buffel grass hay because increase in the nutrients intake, growth performance, and carcass characteristics. 相似文献
17.
A 49-day feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of Siam weed leaf meal (SWLM)-based diets on growth, organ, and carcass weight characteristics and economics of production of broilers. Proximate biochemical composition of SWLM and the appropriate inclusion level of SWLM for optimum productivity were also determined. Ninety-six-day-old Chi broiler chicks were randomly divided into 4 groups of 24 birds, and each group replicated three times. Each group was assigned to one experimental diet in a completely randomized design marked T1 (0%), T2 (4%), T3 (8%), and T4 (12%). Proximate biochemical results revealed that SWLM is rich in protein (20.52%) and minerals (9.29%). Birds on diets T1 and T2 had similar ( p >?0.05) final live weights (FLW), which were higher ( p <?0.05) than those on diets T3 and T4. Birds on diet T2 had the highest ( p?<?0.05) daily feed intake (DFI) and daily weight gain (DWG), while birds on diet T1 had the best feed conversion ratio (FCR) followed by birds on diet T2. The result of quadratic model regression analyses showed that SWLM levels of 1.48, 1.50, 1.47, and 1.56% supported optimum final live weight, DFI, DWG, and FCR. There were no significant ( p >?0.05) differences in the dressing percentage, but there were significant differences in the carcass weight between birds on diet T4 and the other three diets. Similarly, pancreas and spleen had similar ( p?>?0.05) weights across the treatments. There was significant difference ( p?<?0.05) between birds on diets T1 and T4 in gizzard weight. Cost-benefit ratio was influenced ( p?<?0.05) with T4 birds having better income of US$1 per US$10.18 invested. It is concluded that SWLM is rich in essential nutrients and therefore suitable for inclusion in broiler diets at level not beyond 2% for best final live weight, daily weight gain, and thigh weight. 相似文献
18.
The research aimed to evaluate the effect of replacing soybean meal with soybean grain on the nutritional parameters and productivity of heifers grazing on Urochloa decumbens in the rainy-dry transition period. Forty crossbred heifers with the initial age and weight of 18 months and 292?±?6.1 kg, respectively, were used. The experimental design was a completely randomized design, with five treatments and eight replications. The evaluated treatments were as follows: SM 0.5—supply of 0.5 kg/animal/day of soybean meal supplement; SG 0.5—supply of 0.5 kg/animal/day of soybean grain supplement; SM 1.0—supply of 1.0 kg/animal/day of soybean meal supplement; SG 1.0—supply of 1.0 kg/animal/day of soybean grain supplement; MM—only mineral mix ad libitum. The supplement was isoprotein with 350 g of crude protein/kg of dry matter. Supplementation improved the performance of the heifers and this fact can be verified by the higher average daily gain (ADG) and final BW (fBW) of the supplemented animals ( P?<?0.10). The two supplemented treatments with 1 kg/day demonstrated similar performance ( P?>?0.10), the same happens for the two treatments receiving 0.5 kg/day ( P?>?0.10). However, animals receiving 1 kg/day of supplementation had an ADG and final BW higher than animals receiving 0.5 kg/day ( P?<?0.10). Supplementation ( P?<?0.10) affected the intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, non-fiber carbohydrates, total digestible nutrients, and neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (apNDF). Supplementation improved DM digestibility and all constituents of the diet ( P?<?0.10), except for apNDF ( P?>?0.10). In summary, it is concluded that multiple supplementations improve the performance of grazing heifers in the rainy-dry transition period and the total replacement of soybean meal by soybean grain does not alter the performance of the animals. 相似文献
19.
The objective of this experiment was to investigate the influence of ground date seed (GDS) on intake, digestibility, and milk yield and milk fatty acid (FA) composition of lactating Holstein cows. The experimental design was a 4?×?4 replicated Latin square with eight lactating dairy cows with an average milk production of 35.5?±?1.5 kg and 75?±?5 days in milk (DIM). Dairy cows were fed one of the four treatments contained 0, 2, 4, and 6% of diet dry matter (DM) GDS in replacement of wheat bran. All diets contained the same amount of forages (alfalfa hay and corn silage). Dietary treatments had no effect on DM intake (DMI), total tract apparent digestibility, milk yield, and milk composition. Increasing GDS linearly decreased concentration of C13:0 and increased cis-9 C14:1 and trans-11 C18:1 (vaccenic acid) ( P?<?0.05). A linear tendency for more C16:1 content in milk fat was observed with increasing GDS ( P?=?0.06). Feeding GDS resulted in a linear decrease ( P?<?0.01) in saturated FA (SFA) but increased milk fat monounsaturated FA (MUFA) and trans FA (TFA) ( P?<?0.05). Therefore, low levels of GDS (up to 6%) in the diet of Holstein dairy cows can beneficially modify milk FA composition without any adverse effects on intake, digestibility, and milk yield. 相似文献
20.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of quebracho tannins extract (QTE) on feed intake, dry matter (DM) digestibility, and methane (CH 4) emissions in cattle fed low-quality Pennisetum purpureum grass. Five heifers ( Bos taurus × Bos indicus) with an average live weight (LW) of 295 ± 19 kg were allotted to five treatments (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4% QTE/kg DM) in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Intake, digestibility, and total methane emissions (L/day) were recorded for periods of 23 h when cattle were housed in open-circuit respiration chambers. Dry matter intake (DMI), organic matter intake (OMI), dry matter digestibility (DMD), and organic matter digestibility (OMD) were different between treatments with 0 and 4% of QTE/kg DM ( P < 0.05). Total volatile fatty acid and the molar proportion of acetate in the rumen was not affected ( P < 0.05); however, the molar proportion of propionate increased linearly ( P < 0.01) for treatments with 3 and 4% QTE. Total CH 4 production decreased linearly ( P < 0.01) as QTE increased in the diet, particularly with 3 and 4% concentration. When expressed as DMI and OMI by CH 4, production (L/kg) was different between treatments with 0 vs 3 and 4% QTE ( P < 0.05). It is concluded that the addition of QTE at 2 or 3% of dry matter ration can decrease methane production up to 29 and 41%, respectively, without significantly compromising feed intake and nutrients digestibility. 相似文献
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