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1.
鲤基因组中1个新Tc1类转座子的发现与鉴定   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
在鲤(Cyprinus carpio)基因组中鉴别出一个新的具有潜在转座活性的Tc1类转座子,并命名为CCTN转座子(Cyprinus carpio Transposon,CCTN)。CCTN转座子全长1 611 bp,由两端约214 bp的反向重复序列(Inverted Repeat,IR)和中间不间断的996 bp的转座酶开放阅读框(Open Reading Frame,ORF)组成。CCTN转座子推测的转座酶序列中存在完整的DD(34)E结构域,此结构域是Tc1类转座酶作用的必需位点之一。采用实时荧光定量PCR评估CCTN转座子在鲤基因组中的拷贝数约为2.28×103,占全基因组的0.21%。分子系统学研究表明,CCTN转座子是一个新的鱼类Tc1类转座子,其与斑马鱼(Danio rerio)Tzf-28、大西洋鲑(Salmo salar)SALT1和鲽(Pleuronectes platessa)PPTN2等Tc1类转座子亲缘关系较近。  相似文献   

2.
刀鲚类Tc1转座子的分子特征及拷贝数变化的意义   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
为了探讨刀鲚2种不同生活史种群的遗传结构差异以及成因,本研究利用分子克隆及转座子展示技术,从刀鲚基因组中分离、鉴定出一类新的、命名为Cn-Tc1的转座子。该转座子全长1896 bp,为鳀科鱼类第一类被挖掘的Tc1转座子。Cn-Tc1自身包含另一个长度为1040 bp的类Tc1,表明Cn-Tc1在基因组内的转座经历过多次迸发。Cn-Tc1的5’和3’末端反向重复序列长度分别为64和83 bp,转座插入位点具有"TATA"基序。预测的Cn-Tc1转座酶具有与DNA结合的保守结构,提示其仍具有转座潜能。Cn-Tc1插入位点侧翼序列的GC含量呈不均匀分布,均值低于AT含量。运用荧光定量PCR方法,估算了靖江、象山、洞庭湖、鄱阳湖、太湖以及崇明等水域刀鲚种群基因组中Cn-Tc1拷贝数,分别为3.140×103、2.992×103、6.876×103、5.205×103、5.531×103和3.046×103个。单因素方差分析发现,象山、崇明、靖江种群间的拷贝数差异性不显著,而与其他种群的差异性均显著;鄱阳湖、太湖和洞庭湖种群之间差异性亦不显著,但与其他种群均呈显著性差异。研究结果表明,Cn-Tc1促进了遗传结构的改变,为刀鲚种群的适应性进化提供了自然选择的基础。  相似文献   

3.
Two "Pseudomonas" spp., designated as PF1 and PF2, were isolated from 147 of 148 channel catfish feed samples and 10 different orgns from anemic and healthy channel catfish, "Ictalurus punctatus." Both PF1 and PF2 are capable of using folic acid as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen, and they hydrolized folic acid to pteroic acid. They did not utilize common carbohydrates. In vitro, the bacteria destroyed over 93% of folic acid in media containing only folic acid and inorganic salts. The morphological and biochemical properties of the bacteria indicate that they are "Pseudomonas" spp. and similar to some other "Pseudomonas" spp. and similar to some other "Pseudomonas" species that utilize folic acid. It is suspected that these folate degrading bacteria are involved in a nutritionally related anemia of cultured channel catfish.  相似文献   

4.
Half-sib ictalurid families were produced when eggs from three channel catfish, "Ictalurus punctatus," females were fertilized with a mixture of sperm from channel catfish, blue catfish, "I. furcatus," black bullhead, "Ameiurus melas," and flathead catfish, "Plyodictis olivaris." Sperm from all four species successfully fertilized channel catfish eggs, although individual families contained different percentages of the various crosses. The enzyme glucose phosphate isomerase distinguished the different hybrids and parental groups, and confirmed sorting of offspring based on morphology. At 1 month of age, channel catfish ♀ X flathead catfish ♂ hybrids (0.36 ± 0.07 g, mean ± SD) were heavier (P ≤ 0.05) than channel catfish ♀ X black bullhead ♂ (0.12 ± 0.03 g), channel catfish ♀ X blue catfish ♂ hybrids (0.11 ± 0.03 g ), and channel catfish (0.10 ± 0.4 g). By 8 months of age, channel catfish ♀ X black bullhead ♂ hybrids (36.4 ± 21.9 g) and channel catfish ♀ X blue catfish ♂ hybrids (34.5 ± 24.2 g) were similar in weight, and each was significantly heavier than channel catfish ♀ X channel catfish ♂ (26.9 ± 16.1 g), while channel catfish ♀ X flathead catfish ♂ (17.0 ? 6.8 g) weighed the least. Morphometric ratios of channel catfish ♀ X blue catfish ♂ were intermediate between channel catfish ♀ X channel catfish ♂ and blue catfish for four of 16 features and were similar to either or both of the parental species for 10 others. Ratios for channel catfish ♀ X black bullhead ♂ hybrids were intermediate between channel catfish ♀ X channel catfish ♂ and black bullhead for seven of 16 features. Ratios for channel catfish ♀ X flathead catfish ♂ hybrids were larger than channel catfish ♀ X channel catfish ♀ for eight of 16 features and smaller than channel catfish ♀ X channel catfish ♂ for five of 16 features. All channel catfish ♀ X flathead catfish ♂ hybrid offspring were female, based on examination of the urogenital region or gross appearance of the gonands, while other groups had normal sex ratios. Production of half-sib interspecific hybrid families provides a unique opportunity to evaluate genetic influences on commercially important traits and to evaluate the potential of these ictalurid hybrids in aquaculture.  相似文献   

5.
In this study, 342 bacterial strains were isolated from the gut of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Two different screening strategies, including the production of antagonistic effects against pathogens and the capacity of secreting exoenzyme, were used to select potential probiotics from the bacterial strains. Among them, 6 isolates showed antagonism against the pathogens, 15 isolates could produce high amylase and protease, and 3 isolates (BHI344, BH0142 and BH03124) had both the two characteristics . Then, BHI344, BH0142, and BH03124 were tested for survival rate in channel catfish bile and at low pH, antimicrobial susceptibilities, and pathogenicity in channel catfish. The results of the obtained assays showed that BHI344 possessed the broadest inhibitory potential, a strong ability of secreting extra-cellular amylase and protease, high viability in simulated gastrointestinal conditions, and sensitivity to most of the used antibiotics and non-pathogenic to channel catfish. Therefore, it could be selected as the most promising probiotics candidate. BHI344 was identified as Bacillus subtilis based on the phenotypic characterization and 16S rRNA gene sequencing.  相似文献   

6.
Edwardsiella ictaluri , the cause of enteric septicaemia in channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ), is motile by means of peritrichous flagella. We determined the complete flagellin gene sequences and their organization in E. ictaluri by sequencing genomic segments from a λ-ZAP phage genomic library of E. ictaluri . Four flagellin genes ( fliC1, fliC2, fliC3 and fliC4 ) are arranged in tandem within 6 kb in the E. ictaluri genome. Each flagellin-coding sequence is preceded by a σ28 recognition site consensus sequence. The predicted amino acid sequences of all four flagellin proteins (between 36 and 37.5 kDa) are similar in the N-terminal (1–160 aa) and C-terminal (last 74 aa) portions and are divergent in the central portion of the proteins. Proteins encoded by flC1, fliC2 and fliC3 are more similar to each other (88–90% aa identity) than to the protein encoded by fliC4 (76–78% aa identity). basic local alignment search tool analysis of GenBank sequences showed that all flagellin aa sequences are more similar to those of Serratia marcescens (72–74% identity) than to those of Edwardsiella tarda (≤64% identity). Primary determination of E. ictaluri flagellin gene sequences facilitate advanced studies on the role of flagella in host–pathogen interaction.  相似文献   

7.
Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) have been previously shown to express two major cytochrome P450 (CYP) protein bands that are cross-reactive with anti-CYP2K1 (rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss) antibodies on Western blots. These proteins appear to be the major constitutive CYPs in channel catfish and show distinct sex- and age-specific variations in expression. Because I. punctatus is an important agricultural and ecological commodity, and because it displays a high degree of resistance to the toxic effects of many pesticides, the molecular and catalytic characteristics of its biotransformation systems are of interest to those in areas of environmental science and aquaculture research. Using a chromatographic method similar to that employed in the purification of other fish CYP2 enzymes, a single CYP2-related protein (CM-HA3) was isolated from channel catfish hepatic microsomes. The isolated protein displays a relative molecular mass of approximately 47 kDa, and a CO-reduced difference spectrum max of 449.6 nm. The sequence of 15 residues at the amino-terminal of CM-HA3 is 27% identical to both CYP2K1 and CYP2M1 isoforms of rainbow trout. Correlational analysis was employed to characterize potential substrates for this isoform, but no significant relationship was observed with E2 hydroxylation, testosterone hydroxylation, or 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activities. These data indicate that CM-HA3 is a CYP2 family protein, with as yet uncharacterized substrate specificities.  相似文献   

8.
A headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) coupled with GS-MS method was used to measure volatile compounds in fillets from musty off-flavor, muddy off-flavor, and on-flavor channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), along with water and soil samples from the farm ponds in which the fish had been raised. Two ponds of each type of flavor were selected, and five fish, water, and soil samples were collected from each pond. Linear and multiple linear regression analyses were carried out between/among off-flavor strength and volatile compound contents to investigate their possible correlations. The combination of two strong off-flavor compounds, 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) and geosmin (GSM), was probably mainly responsible for the musty off-flavor in the catfish fillets, and an odorous alcohol, 1-hexanol, was correlated with muddy off-flavor (p =?0.015). There was a strong correlation between beta-cyclocitral and MIB in a pond that gave musty off-flavor catfish contents (p =?0.006), suggesting that these compounds might be generated by similar cyanobacteria. The contents of GSM, MIB, and beta-cyclocitral were high in the water of ponds that yielded off-flavor fish, indicating that catfish might acquire these compounds from pond water.  相似文献   

9.
为了了解池塘和水库网箱两种养殖模式下斑点叉尾鮰（Ictalurus punctatus）肌肉营养成分和品质特性,利用生化分析、物性分析方法和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法分别对斑点叉尾鮰肌肉的常规营养成分、系水力、质构特性及肌肉矿物元素含量进行了测定。结果显示,池塘和水库网箱养殖的斑点叉尾鮰含肉率都在65%以上;池塘组的贮存损失和失水率显著低于水库网箱养殖组,而冷冻渗出率显著高于水库网箱养殖组;水库网箱养殖组的粗蛋白、粗灰分含量均显著高于池塘组,而粗脂肪含量显著低于池塘组;两组中矿物元素含量都比较丰富,水库网箱养殖组肌肉中钾、磷、钙、镁、锌、铁六种元素的含量均显著高于池塘组;池塘组肌肉的凝聚性和回复性显著高于水库网箱养殖组,而肌肉硬度、胶黏性和咀嚼性显著低于水库网箱养殖组。研究表明,池塘养殖的斑点叉尾鮰肌肉具有较好的系水力,而水库网箱养殖的斑点叉尾鮰肌肉具有高蛋白低脂肪、矿物元素更丰富、肉质硬度大的特点。  相似文献   

10.
Fillets of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, from three geographic areas, fillets of hybrid catfish (♀ I. punctatus × ♂ blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus) from one of the areas, water samples from the culture ponds, and feed samples were subjected to elemental analysis by inductive‐coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP‐AES). The fillets were low in concentrations of several elements, and ICP‐AES could consistently detect only 11 elements. In addition, the composition of the fillets was not greatly influenced by water chemistry or feed composition. Nevertheless, both canonical discriminant analysis and K‐nearest‐neighbor analysis were reliable in separating the fillets to geographic area of origin and separating hybrid from channel catfish fillets based on elemental composition. Although this study suggests that multielement analysis and pattern recognition techniques have potential for validating the geographic origin of catfish fillets, much more work is needed to perfect the technique .  相似文献   

11.
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12.
The severity of gill damage (percentage of gill lamellae with lytic lesions) was determined in juveniles from 10 USDA 103 line channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus full‐sib families, 10 channel catfish×blue catfish I. furcatus backcross hybrid (7/8 channel catfish, 1/8 blue catfish) full‐sib families and a mixed‐family group of blue catfish placed in a commercial catfish pond experiencing proliferative gill disease (PGD)‐related fish mortalities. An initial challenge was conducted with all families, and a second challenge was conducted using the two most susceptible (most gill damage) channel catfish and backcross hybrid families and the two most resistant (least gill damage) channel catfish and backcross hybrid families. In the initial challenge, percentage gill damage was not different between channel catfish (12.3%) and backcross hybrids (11.6%), but was lower in blue catfish (0.2%). Mean percentage gill damage in the second challenge was not different among resistant backcross hybrid families (6.9%), resistant channel catfish families (7.6%) and blue catfish (4.8%), but was higher in susceptible backcross hybrid and channel catfish families (19.0% and 11.9% respectively). The correlation among family means for gill damage from challenge 1 and challenge 2 was r=0.87. Consistent differences between channel catfish and blue catfish and between resistant and susceptible families within genetic groups for gill damage after PGD challenge suggest that there is a genetic component for resistance to PGD and that improving PGD resistance through selection may be possible.  相似文献   

13.
A low pressure, high volume, forced-air method of incubation was evaluated for eggs of channel catfish, "Ictarlurus punctatus," and channel catfish ♀ X blue catfish, "I. furcatus," ♂ hybrids and was compared to the traditional paddle-type incubation method. No significant difference was observed in hatching percentage, survival, or weight of sac-fry and swim-up fry or in total weight after 21 days of feeding for 10 egg masses that were divided equally and incubated with paddles or forced air. The forced-air method was inexpensive, safe, quiet, and as effective as paddle-type aeration.  相似文献   

14.
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15.
Formalin administered twice daily as a flush at concentrations of 100, 200, or 400 mg/L increased percent hatch of channel catfish, "Ictalurus punctatus," eggs relative to non-treated eggs (P < 0.05). Formalin at 400 mg/L was most effective in controling "Saprolegnia" sp. infections, and the resultant percent hatch was 93.7%. Iodine administered twice daily as a flush at concentrations of 50, 100, or 200 mg/L increased the hatching rate of channel catfish eggs relative to non-treated eggs (P < 0.05). Iodine at 200 mg/L increased percent hatch by 28% over that of the controls. "Saprolegnia" sp. infections were apparent on eggs exposed to all levels of iodine. Formalin was more effective in controlling "Saprolegnia" than iodine and consideration should be given to extending its label to include the treatment of channel catfish eggs.  相似文献   

16.
斑点叉尾鮰基因组的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
作为重要的水产养殖种类之一,斑点叉尾(IctalurusPunctatus)的基因组学研究已经取得了较大进展。其众多遗传连锁图以及与表型性状有关的DNA分子标记和基因组资源已经建立;基因组中一些重要的重复片段,已经得到鉴定和辨别,这更有利于对斑点叉尾鮰基因组进行物理学分析;通过基因组学方法,获得了大量基因或全长cDNA序列、以及基因进化和与功能相关基因表达方面的信息。利用细菌人工染色体叠连群技术,创建斑点叉尾鮰基因组物理图谱,开发特定片段分子标记,进行数量性状基因位点(QTLs)分析和高密度基因组绘图。通过比较图谱,可以更有效地进行大范围EST分析和I型分子标记绘图。cDNA微阵列或基因芯片技术的利用,加快新基因发现和鉴定的步伐,为分子标记辅助育种和病害诊断与防治研究奠定了坚实基础。  相似文献   

17.
A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of free gossypol from glanded‐cottonseed meal (G‐CSM) (natural free gossypol) or gossypol‐acetic acid on growth performance, body composition, haematology, immune response and resistance of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) to Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge. Soya bean meal‐based diets supplemented with 0, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg kg?1 free gossypol from G‐CSM or gossypol‐acetic acid were fed to juvenile channel catfish in triplicate aquaria to apparent satiation twice daily for 12 weeks. Neither sources nor levels of dietary gossypol significantly influenced the final weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency and survival of channel catfish. Similarly, whole‐body proximate composition, haematological parameters (red blood cell, white blood cell counts, haemoglobin and haematocrit), serum protein concentration, macrophage chemotaxis ratio, phagocytic activity and antibody production against E. ictaluri 21‐day postinfection were not significantly affected at either dietary sources or levels of gossypol. Gossypol concentrations of liver were linearly related to dietary level of gossypol but the retention rate varied dependent on sources of the dietary gossypol. At dietary gossypol levels of 400 or 800 mg kg?1, total gossypol concentrations in liver of fish fed dietary gossypol from G‐CSM were significantly higher than those of fish fed the corresponding levels of gossypol from gossypol‐acetic acid. The (+)‐isomer of gossypol was predominantly retained in liver regardless of dietary sources of gossypol. The ratio of (+) to (?) gossypol isomers in liver decreased with increasing dietary concentrations of gossypol. Serum lysozyme activity of fish fed dietary gossypol levels of 200 mg kg?1 or higher, either from G‐CSM or gossypol‐acetic acid, was significantly higher than that of the control. At a level of 800 mg kg?1 diet, gossypol from G‐CSM stimulated significantly higher lysozyme activity than gossypol from gossypol‐acetic acid. Fish fed diets containing 400 mg kg?1 gossypol or higher from G‐CSM or 800 mg kg?1 gossypol from gossypol‐acetic acid had significantly increased superoxide anion (O) production. However, neither the sources nor the levels of dietary free gossypol influenced the resistance of juvenile channel catfish to E. ictaluri challenge.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract. Two populations of channel catfish were examined for the presence of channel catfish virus (CCV) by use of a nucleic acid probe. In one population of 22 fish with no history of CCV, viral DNA was found in every liver. These fish had previously been examined by a technique involving co-cultivation of their leucocytes with catfish tissue culture cells. The co-cultivation method had identified virus in 10 of these fish. The second fish population consisted of 14 adults that had survived a CCV outbreak in 1980. Of the 14 fish, 11 showed positive indication of CCV DNA. The tissue distribution of the CCV differed from fish to fish. All fish from the first group and one fish from the second group showed some alterations in the DNA banding patterns expected from pure CCV DNA. This might be indicative of modifications in the genomic structure of the CCV DNA when the virus is latent in a fish.  相似文献   

19.
Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), populations in six lakes in northern Idaho, USA, were sampled to describe their population characteristics. During the summers of 2011 and 2012, 4864 channel catfish were sampled. Channel catfish populations had low to moderate catch rates, and length structure was dominated by fish <400 mm. Channel catfish were in good body condition. All populations were maintained by stocking age‐1 or age‐2 fish. Growth of fish reared in thermally enriched environments prior to stocking was fast compared to other North American channel catfish populations. After stocking, growth of channel catfish declined rapidly. Once stocked, cold water temperatures, prey resources and (or) genetic capabilities limited growth. Total annual mortality of age 2 and older channel catfish was generally <40%. Tag returns indicated that angler exploitation was low, varying from 0 to 43% among lakes. This research provides insight on factors regulating channel catfish population dynamics and highlights important considerations associated with their ecology and management.  相似文献   

20.
真鲷天然抗性相关巨噬蛋白全长cDNA的克隆与序列分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
徐美瑜 《水产学报》2005,29(1):128-132
Natural resistance associated macrophage protein (Nmmp) is an innate resistance protein to intracellular parasites, which is expressed plentifully in macrophage ceils. Nramp has been studied in mouse, human, cattle, rainbow trout and channel catfish.However, tittle was known about the structure of Pagrus major Nramp. In order to get the complete sequence of Pagrus major Nramp, a pair of primer is designed according to a 200bp known sequence of Pagrus major Nramp cDNA. By the use of SMART RACE, the full Nramp of Pagrus major cDNA about 5 000 bp was obtained, including about 200 bp 5‘ terminal region (UTR),complete encoding region and 3‘ terminal region. There were 3 ployA signals, which showed many possibilities of cutting at 3‘ terminal region. The character of Pagrus major Nramp nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence are analyzed. 12 putative transmembrane(TM) regions, a consensus transport motif (CTM), a predicted protein kinase C phosphroylation site and three predicted N-link glycosylation sites are indicated in its deduced amino acid sequence. The ‘consense transport motif‘ CTM is located etween TM8 and TM9. Furthermore, a protein kinase C phosphroylation site and three N-link glycosylation sites were predicted. The lignment of amino acid sequences between Pagrus major Nramp cDNA and several animals is analyzed and the deduced amino acid equence of Pagrus major Nrarnp had 77.8%, 83.0%, 82.3%, 80.0%, 81.1%, 60.4%, 70.3%, 58.5%, 69.5% identity ith rainbow trout α(AAD20721), rainbow trout β(AAD20722), channel catfish(AF400108), fathead minnow (AAF01778),common carp (CABal96), mouse 1 ( AAA39838 ), mouse 2 ( AAC42051 ), human 1 ( D50403 ), human 2 ( NP - 0(106(18 ),respectively. The alignment reveals high conservation in TM and CTM regions. Analysis result makes us get familiar with the structure nd character of fish Nramp, furthermore, offers some infonnat/on for the enhancement of immunity of fish and genetic amelioration on fish breeding.  相似文献   

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