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1.
为研究不同周龄中国黄羽鹌鹑哈德氏腺的组织学结构,采集0、1、2、3、4、5、6、10、14、18、22、26、30、34、38周龄健康中国黄羽鹌鹑的哈德氏腺,光学显微镜下观察哈德氏腺的显微组织结构,电镜下观察哈德氏腺的超微结构变化。结果显示,黄羽鹌鹑哈德氏腺位于眼眶内、眼球腹侧和后内侧,出生时就具备完整的形态,在视神经区呈喙状延伸,一端游离,另一端由腺体导管开口于第三眼睑弯窿的内角,腺体呈不规则带状,一端小,一端大,浅粉色,腺体绝对质量、长和宽随周龄逐渐增大。哈德氏腺为复管泡状腺,腺体外有结缔组织被膜,被膜延伸至腺体实质中,将腺体分为多个大小不同的小叶,小叶由腺泡和腺管组成。中国黄羽鹌鹑哈德氏腺在出生后逐渐发育,4周龄时达到成熟,5至38周龄为成熟持续期。 相似文献
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采集0、1、2、3、4、5、6、10、14、18、22、26、30、34、38周龄健康中国黄羽鹌鹑的盲肠扁桃体,测量盲肠扁桃体的生长指标,观察盲肠扁桃体的显微组织结构及超微结构变化。结果表明:中国黄羽鹌鹑盲肠扁桃体位于回肠、盲肠、直肠三者连接处的盲肠基部,盲肠扁桃体近盲肠的基底部分由于盲肠壁增厚、增宽,容易与其他部位分离,盲肠扁桃体在鹌鹑孵化时已存在,0～38周龄皆具备完整的外部形态,表面光滑且饱满;盲肠扁桃体的结构由内到外分为黏膜、黏膜下层、肌层和浆膜,黏膜包括上皮、固有层和肠腺;在透射电镜下可见结构清楚的内质网、线粒体、溶酶体和肠绒毛,且线粒体嵴清晰可见;盲肠扁桃体质量、生长指数及左、右侧的长和宽的变化趋势基本保持一致,均为早期随着周龄的增加不断增长,后趋于平稳,绝对质量和生长指数均在6周龄达到最大,除22周龄右侧长径外,10～38周龄盲肠扁桃体生长指标间的差异均无统计学意义。中国黄羽鹌鹑盲肠扁桃体的发育在出生后逐渐发育,0～6周龄为快速发育期,在6周龄达到成熟,10～38周龄为成熟持续期。 相似文献
3.
Rejection of kidney transplants in 264 patients, followed by retransplantation from cadaver donors, resulted in a 1-year survival rate of 51 +/- 3 percent (rate +/- standard error) as compared to 51 +/- 1 percent for first transplants. If the first transplant immunizes the patient or is rejected by immunologically responsive patients, second grafts into the same patients would be expected to be rejected at a higher rate. Only those reject who reject first grafts hyperacutely or between 1 to 3 months were found to have low second graft survival rates. Patients who rejected transplants after 3 months tended to have second transplant survival rates which were higher than their first graft survival rates. 相似文献
4.
对鸡胚胎蛋壳培养的研究结果显示 :( 1 )在± 4 5°的转角下 ,不同体积的代用蛋壳的胚胎发育率 ,普通蛋代用蛋壳前 6d的胚胎发育率 ( 48.5% )显著高于双黄蛋代用蛋壳 (平均 2 2 .7% ) ,但是 ,双黄蛋代用蛋壳的孵化率 ( 8.3 % )显著高于普通蛋代用蛋壳。普通蛋代用壳无小鸡孵化 ,说明普通蛋壳对于移植等量鸡胚后期的发育空间不够。( 2 )双黄蛋作为代用壳时 ,可以不添加任何物质。( 3 )换蛋壳培养鸡胚胎 ,转蛋角度± 4 5°比± 3 0°的效果要好。异体胚盘移植结果显示 :同一动物间的同功物质具有通用性 ,异体胚盘移植鸡胚可以继续发育。 相似文献
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刘克琳 《四川农业大学学报》1992,10(2):232-237
本文对69只,6—21日龄鸡胚的胸腺和腔上囊的位置、形态大小、分叶、重量进行观察。对14—21日龄鸡胚的胸腺作II.E染色切片进行组织学观察,主要结果:1,胸腺和腔上囊在胚胎期生长发育迅速,17日胚龄以后的胸腺生长发育更快。从生长倍数看,每日增重倍数为两倍以上,大于同期胚重的生长倍数,但在出壳前夕,胚重的生长发育相对的增高。2,15日胚龄鸡的胸腺小叶已出现,16—17日胚龄时,皮质和髓质能明显区分开,19日胚龄时,髓质中出现胸腺小体。 相似文献
6.
Neuronal specification of cutaneous nerves through connections with skin grafts in the frog 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Skin grafts were rotated 180 degrees in frog tadpoles. After metamorphosis, cutaneous reflexes were tested, and the receptive fields of cutaneous nerves were mapped electrophysiologically. Accurately localized limb movements were elicited by mechanical stimulation of normal skin, or of dorsal skin reimplanted on the back after 180-degree rotation. Reflexes misdirected to the original site of the stimulated skin were elicited from dorsoventrally inverted grafts, but not from anteroposteriorly inverted grafts. In most cases, the local nerves supplied the grafts, and each nerve entered the skin within its own receptive field. This observation eliminated the possibility that misdirected reflexes were due to selective regrowth of cutaneous nerves. We concluded that cutaneous nerves formed central synaptic associations which were specified by their new terminal connections with grafted skin. 相似文献
7.
以家鹌鹑为参照,并搜集国内外6个家鹌鹑和野生鹌鹑群体的相同资料,检测野生日本鸣鹑和野生普通鹌鹑群体中编码脏器、肌肉酶型的10个结构基因座上的基因频率分布,计算各座位杂合度、群体平均杂合度及其差异性检验和遗传分化系数等相关指标,用模糊聚类多元分析方法对我国境内分布的2种野生鹌鹑生物多样性和遗传分化程度进行分析。结果表明：相对日本列岛的野生鹌鹑而言,我国野生鹌鹑群体遗传多样性更为丰富,野生日本鸣鹑和野生普通鹌鹑的群体平均杂合度分别为0.388和0.298,与家鹌鹑群体多样性差异和遗传分化程度较小,差异不显著。多元分析也表明我国野生鹌鹑与各种家鹌鹑群体有较近的亲缘关系。 相似文献
8.
Amitotic neuroblastoma cells used for neural implants in monkeys 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
D M Gash M F Notter S H Okawara A L Kraus R J Joynt 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1986,233(4771):1420-1422
The potential utility of cultured neuroblastoma cells as donor tissue for neutral implants into the mammalian brain has been examined. Cells from a human neuroblastoma cell line, IMR-32, were labeled with [3H]thymidine and chemically rendered amitotic. These differentiated IMR-32 cells were grafted into the hippocampi of five adult African Green monkeys, and graft survival was evaluated for up to 270 days after transplantation. Autoradiographically labeled grafted cells were identified in four animals. Processes from grafted cells could be followed for distances of up to 150 micrometers into the host brain. No evidence for neoplastic growth of the transplant was found. Thus, grafted neuroblastoma cells can survive for prolonged periods in the primate brain and may serve as a practical source of donor tissue for neural implants. 相似文献
9.
应用微电泳逆行追踪技术，分别向北京鸭，麻鸭，鹅、鸡、鸽和鹌鹑脊髓的颈、胸、腰段的一侧灰质中导入辣根过氧化物酶系统地研究了其孤束核至脊髓传导通路和细胞构筑。结果如下：在颈髓不同节段单侧灰质导入Ｈ ＲＰ后，６种家禽延髓的双侧孤束核内都出现了大量的标准细胞； 相似文献
10.
鹌鹑腔上囊的中间层与鸡比较不明显,淋巴滤泡皮质ＲＮＡ阳性率６２．５％,比髓质高,表明淋巴滤泡的皮质区是Ｂ淋巴细胞的活化区。胸腺的被膜下及小隔周围,有生长期较大的胸腺细胞,具有细胞免疫潜能,是Ｔ淋巴细胞的先躯。脾脏内的淋巴小结及淋巴组织鞘是Ｂ及Ｔ淋巴细胞的活化部位,此处ＲＮＡ的阳性率较高,为６１．３％。 相似文献
11.
Initiation of proximal-distal patterning in the vertebrate limb by signals and growth 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Cooper KL Hu JK ten Berge D Fernandez-Teran M Ros MA Tabin CJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,332(6033):1083-1086
Two broad classes of models have been proposed to explain the patterning of the proximal-distal axis of the vertebrate limb (from the shoulder to the digit tips). Differentiating between them, we demonstrate that early limb mesenchyme in the chick is initially maintained in a state capable of generating all limb segments through exposure to a combination of proximal and distal signals. As the limb bud grows, the proximal limb is established through continued exposure to flank-derived signal(s), whereas the developmental program determining the medial and distal segments is initiated in domains that grow beyond proximal influence. In addition, the system we have developed, combining in vitro and in vivo culture, opens the door to a new level of analysis of patterning mechanisms in the limb. 相似文献
12.
The relation between terminal mitosis and the events that determine the developmental fate of embryonic precursor cells is not well understood. This relation has now been investigated with [3H]thymidine autoradiography to determine the time of cell birth and with a culture system that allows the testing of the developmental potential of cells isolated from the chick embryo retina. Contrary to the situation in vivo, where neuronal differentiation always precedes photoreceptor differentiation, photoreceptor differentiation occurs prematurely and precedes neuronal differentiation when precursor cells are isolated from the retina at early embryonic stages. Thus, cells born by embryonic day 5 (ED-5) give rise predominantly to photoreceptors when isolated for culture on ED-6 but develop mainly as neurons when isolated on ED-8. This suggests that retinal precursor cells retain after terminal mitosis the capacity to develop either as neurons or as photoreceptors. Moreover, photoreceptor differentiation appears to represent a constitutive or "default" pathway that precursor cells follow in the absence of neuron-inducing signals. 相似文献
13.
6 a 试验和生产实践证明, 长块削芽接和贴枝接是银杏最好的2 种嫁接方法, 操作方便, 接穗利用率高, 嫁接时间长, 接苗生长好, 嫁接成活率达90 %以上。普通枝接1 年生
砧木基径要0.50 cm 以上, 而削芽接和贴枝接只需0.35 cm 以上。接穗位置效应明显, 以结实树树冠外围1 年生延长枝为宜, 内膛枝、徒长枝和纤细枝不宜作接穗。翌年4 ～ 6 月科学施肥, 延迟接苗顶芽形成, 是培养壮苗的关键。1 年生砧木当年嫁接, 以8 月下旬至10 月中旬为好, 8 月中旬前嫁接, 接芽发育不良, 抽梢差。接后不能立即断砧, 否则接苗因饥饿死亡。用大树根蘖枝、幼树和幼苗枝嫁接的假苗, 可从苗木长势、抽梢整齐度、削度、有无雌蕊和结实识别。表4 参3 相似文献
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Normal, nonoperated Swiss mice which had been inoculated intracerebrally with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus showed a 100-percent mortality within 8 days after virus challenge. Neonatally thymectomized mice, with or without empty intraperitoneal diffusion chambers, were protected from the lethal effects of the virus, with no animals dying within 14 days after inoculation. Cell-tight Millipore diffusion chambers containing newborn thymic tissue, implanted intraperitoneally into neonatally thymectomized mice, restored the susceptibility of 52 percent of these mice to the lethality of the virus infection. The percentage restoration with subcutaneous thymic grafting was similar. A humoral mechanism of action of the tissue in the chamber is proposed. 相似文献
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为了探讨血管活性肠肽Ⅰ型受体基因(VIPR-1)的多态性与肉用鹌鹑胴体性状的关系,采用PCR-RFLP方法对法国巨型肉用鹌鹑和莎维麦脱肉用鹌鹑2个群体的VIPR-1基因与肉用鹌鹑胴体性状进行关联分析。结果表明,VIPR-1基因外显子4-5的BsrDⅠ位点在法国巨型肉用鹌鹑和莎维麦脱肉用鹌鹑中检测到3种基因型,即GG、GT、TT基因型,基因型频率分别为：0.408、0.490、0.102;0.222、0.444、0.334。VIPR-1基因外显子6-7的HpyCH4Ⅳ位点在法国巨型肉用鹌鹑和莎维麦脱肉用鹌鹑中检测到AA、AG、GG这3种基因型,基因型频率分别为：0.020、0.020、0.960;0.056、0.111、0.833。关联分析表明,VIPR-1基因外显子4-5的BsrDⅠ位点与法国巨型肉用鹌鹑的肝重有显著关联性(P<0.05);VIPR-1基因外显子6-7的HpyCH4Ⅳ位点与法国巨型肉用鹌鹑的体重、屠宰重、肝重有显著关联性(P<0.05),与莎维麦脱肉用鹌鹑的体重、屠宰重、全净膛重、心重、胸肌重、腿肌重、肝率、胸肌率有显著关联性(P<0.05)。VIPR... 相似文献
17.
本文是研究日本鹌鹁(Coturnix coturnix Japonica)睾丸组织不同日龄的生长发育。精细胞的生长发育可分为六期。初级精母细胞于11天龄出现;36天龄出现精于细胞;46天龄可见已成形的精子。鹌鹑的精子细胞与家畜及鸡的精子细胞在结构与染色特点上有所不同。睾丸间质细胞5天龄前已出现,始终明显地存在于睾丸间质组织中,这与鸡的间质细胞在年龄性变化上存有差异。在21天龄后的曲精细管管腔中,可见数量不等的退化细胞及由数个胞质强嗜酸性的细胞组成的嗜酸小体。小体可见有双核,三核或多核的。 相似文献
18.
Application of the quail-chick chimera system to the study of brain development and behavior 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Hatched chicks with chimeric brains containing cells from both the domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) and the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) have been produced by transplantation of various regions of the neural tube at the 8- to 15- somite stage. The positions of host and donor cells relative to graft boundaries observed throughout embryonic development and after hatching implicated both radial and tangential cell movements in brain morphogenesis. In addition, transplants containing the entire quail mesencephalon and diencephalon resulted in the transfer of certain aspects of species-typical crowing behavior. 相似文献
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为了研究朝鲜鹌鹑GNAS基因表达和多态性与羽色的相关性,取栗羽和白羽朝鲜鹌鹑不同发育时期胚胎翅尖组织,采用Trizol法提取总RNA,实时荧光定量PCR检测GNAS基因在朝鲜鹌鹑胚胎发育不同阶段和不同羽色鹌鹑胚胎翅组织中mRNA的表达水平;克隆GNAS基因的CDS全序列并进行生物信息学分析;采集孵化至10 d胚胎翅尖组织提取基因组DNA,PCR扩增GNAS基因的特定序列,通过不对称PCR-SSCP方法结合测序确定基因型,分析不同基因型对朝鲜鹌鹑羽色形成的影响。结果表明,胚胎发育8~14 d时,GNAS基因在栗羽鹌鹑胚胎组织中的表达水平极显著(P<0.01)高于白羽鹌鹑胚胎。GNAS基因CDS区开放阅读框长1 140 bp,含有14个外显子,编码含379个氨基酸的稳定性亲水蛋白。在朝鲜鹌鹑GNAS基因中检测到2个SNP位点,分别为外显子12区域的g.119221T>A和3'UTR区域的g.121181A>G。栗羽朝鲜鹌鹑的3种基因型(AA、 AB和BB)的频率分布与白羽朝鲜鹌鹑存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。结论表明,朝鲜鹌鹑组织中GNAS基因的表达量高低与其羽色的形成有一定的关系,GNAS基因3'UTR上的g.121181A>G位点突变与朝鲜鹌鹑羽色性状之间具有显著关联性,可作为研究朝鲜鹌鹑羽色的一个候选基因。 相似文献