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1.
汞、铅对草鱼的急性毒性及安全浓度评价   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
温茹淑  郑清梅  方展强  甄红娜 《安徽农业科学》2007,35(16):4863-4864,4914
采用静水法生物测试研究了重金属汞、铅对草鱼鱼苗的急性毒性,旨在评价水环境中汞和铅对鱼类的影响。结果表明:汞对草鱼鱼苗的毒性属于剧毒,而铅属于中等毒性。汞和铅对草鱼鱼苗24、48、729、6 h的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为0.4310、.388、0.3750、.362 mg/L;586.860、582.6735、82.673、576.412 mg/L。汞和铅对草鱼鱼苗的安全浓度分别为0.0365、7.641 mg/L,远远高于渔业水质标准。  相似文献   

2.
为了解青岛地区鱼体汞污染现状,于2007年5月共采集鱼样16种102条,测定鱼体中的总汞含量.测定结果表明,16种鱼总汞含量范围为0.049~0.157 mg/kg,各种鱼类的总汞平均含量未达到背景值,没有样品超标.草鱼,鲫鱼,鲶鱼,沙丁鱼,4种鱼体内总汞含量相差较大;鲤鱼,八带鱼,小黄花鱼3种鱼体内总汞含量相差不大.城阳区鱼样总汞含量由大到小为:八带鱼>白鲢>小黄花>沙丁鱼>鲤鱼>鲫鱼>鲶鱼>乌贼>偏口鱼>草鱼>多春鱼>带鱼>小鱿鱼>花鲢>鱿鱼.市南区鱼样总汞含量由大到小为:沙丁鱼>银鱼>鲫鱼、小黄花>八带鱼>草鱼>鲶鱼>鲤鱼.结果显示鱼样总汞含量符合以下规律:底栖鱼类的总汞含量高于生活在水层中上部的鱼类,肉食性鱼类的汞含量高于杂食性和植食性鱼类的规律.  相似文献   

3.
李杰 《安徽农业科学》2007,35(7):2030-2031
用氢化物-原子吸收法测定了鱼组织中汞和硒的含量,优化了测定条件,并对汞和硒之间的相关性进行了研究.结果发现,消解液的用量、消解温度及时间、载流浓度和载气流量对鱼样中汞和硒的测定都有影响.硒的消解液最好选用10 ml;汞的硫酸用量选用2 ml;汞的消解在80 ℃效果最佳,在1~3 h间峰高无明显差别;1%HCl溶液作载液的汞吸光度最高,载气流量选用150 ml/min为宜.结果还表明,在汞含量较低的情况下,鱼组织中汞与硒的摩尔比值为0.40~0.72,且其随汞含量的增加而增加.  相似文献   

4.
[目的]探讨重金属汞(Hg)对茅苍术光合特性及生理指标的影响,明确茅苍术叶片承受汞胁迫的阈值,为茅苍术无公害栽培提供理论参考.[方法]采用盆栽法对茅苍术开展不同浓度(0、10、20和50 mg/kg)的汞胁迫试验,分别在胁迫后0、7、14、21、28和35 d测定茅苍术叶片的光合特性及生理指标.[结果]在不同浓度汞胁迫处理下,随着胁迫时间的延长,茅苍术植株的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)和胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)整体上呈先增大后减小的变化趋势,至胁迫后期时茅苍术的光合能力明显下降.经不同浓度的汞胁迫处理后,茅苍术叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性变化不明显,而过氧化物酶(POD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量整体上呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,在胁迫后第28 d达最大值;过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性整体上呈上升趋势(50 mg/kg浓度除外);至胁迫后第35 d,均以10 mg/kg浓度处理的POD、SOD和CAT活性最高.茅苍术叶片的MDA含量在不同浓度汞胁迫处理下整体上呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,相对电导率则呈缓慢上升趋势.[结论]当汞胁迫浓度超过10 mg/kg时会抑制茅苍术叶片的光合能力,使其生理功能受到损害.  相似文献   

5.
底泥汞含量对鱼类红细胞微核影响研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文研究了底泥HgCl2累积量对鲤、鲫鱼红细胞微核率的影响。结果表明,水体底泥汞污染可引起鱼类血液红细胞微核率的上升,并呈现出较明显的剂量和时间效应。其回归方程分别为:鲤鱼y1=3.7938+1.3236lnx(r=0.9710**);鲫鱼,y2=4.4448+1.487lnx(r=0.9874**)。  相似文献   

6.
Concentrations of toxaphene and other organochlorine compounds are high in fishes from subarctic Lake Laberge, Yukon Territory, Canada. Nitrogen isotope analyses of food chains and contaminant analyses of biota, water, and dated lake sediments show that the high concentrations of toxaphene in fishes from Laberge resulted entirely from the biomagnification of atmospheric inputs. A combination of low inputs of toxaphene from the atmosphere and transfer through an exceptionally long food chain has resulted in concentrations of toxaphene in fishes that are considered hazardous to human health.  相似文献   

7.
Arctic and antarctic fishes, living in contact with sea ice at -1.9 degrees C, have plasma equilibrium freezing points near -1.2 degrees C which are dependent on salt concentrations. These supercooled fishes have plasma protein concentrations much higher than other polar animals have, and the proteins impede ice propagation at temperatures down to -2 degrees C. Plasma protein concentration increases as environmental water temperature decreases.  相似文献   

8.
Regional-scale assembly rules and biodiversity of coral reefs   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Tropical reef fishes and corals exhibit highly predictable patterns of taxonomic composition across the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Despite steep longitudinal and latitudinal gradients in total species richness, the composition of these key taxa is constrained within a remarkably narrow range of values. Regional-scale variation in reef biodiversity is best explained by large-scale patterns in the availability of shallow-water habitat. Once habitat area is accounted for, there is surprisingly little residual effect of latitude or longitude. Low-diversity regions are most vulnerable to human impacts such as global warming, underscoring the urgent need for integrated management at multinational scales.  相似文献   

9.
通过研究在不同含量外源汞土壤中施加不同量的氮肥,分析土壤中不同形态汞的转化状况。结果发现,施尿素0.4 g/kg(T3)能显著提高土壤活性,促进土壤中汞向有效态转化,同时可提高植物对土壤中汞的吸收;其余氮肥水平对土壤不同形态汞的转化活性依次为施尿素0.6 g/kg、施尿素0.2 g/kg、不施肥处理。  相似文献   

10.
Pronounced increases in total gaseous mercury (TGM) in the near surface marine atmosphere were found in the equatorial region (4 degrees N to 10 degrees S) of the Pacific Ocean at 160 degrees W. The atmospheric enhancement of TGM corresponded closely to sea-surface manifestations of equatorial upwelling as reflected in measured changes of temperature and nutrient concentrations as well as to variations of reactive mercury in surface seawater. The elevated atmospheric TGM levels most probably result from oceanic mercury evasion associated with upwelling and increased biological production that occurs in the equatorial Pacific Ocean.This evidence of sea-to-air mercury transfer supports model predictions of an oceanic source of atmospheric mercury and suggests that marine-derived mercury emissions should occur in other biologically productive regimes.  相似文献   

11.
北江沉积物汞污染现状与评价初步研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了了解北江沉积物中汞污染现状、来源并评价其污染程度,在北江流域共采集19个沉积物样,用原子吸收法(AAS)和冷原子荧光法(CVAFS)分别测定了其总汞(THg)和甲基汞(MeHg)含量,比较了甲基化率,并用污染指数法对测定结果进行了评价。结果表明,北江沉积物THg含量为73.7~3517ng·g-(1干重),均值为607.6ng·g-1,MeHg含量为0.392~2.384ng·g-1,均值为1.302ng·g-1,韶关冶炼厂为重要污染点源。各采样点甲基化率差异较大,进一步研究影响甲基化的因素具有重要意义。沉积物中THg、MeHg平均污染指数分别为3.04、26.04,表明均为中度污染。  相似文献   

12.
季节性积雪环境雪/气间汞通量特征初步研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究区域内冬季存有5个月以上稳定性季节积雪,为研究积雪地表状况下雪/气间汞交换通量特征,设置了平地农田和坡地农田2类共4处采样点,于2011年12月和2012年3月,使用动态通量箱法(dynamic flux chamber,DFC)与汞分析仪(LUMEXZeeman RA915+)联用技术测定了各样点雪/气间汞交换通量,并同步测定太阳辐射、气温和气湿等气象因子,分析了雪/气间汞通量变化特征及其与气象因子等因素间的关系.结果表明:季节性积雪稳定存在时,雪/气间汞通量表现为明显的由大气指向雪面的沉降特征过程.季节性积雪趋于消融时,雪/气间汞通量表现为沉降与释放交替出现,总通量水平比积雪期降低一个数量级.雪/气间汞通量与大气汞浓度存在明显的负线性相关关系,与太阳辐射强度间有明显的正线性相关性,与气温和气湿间无线性相关性.  相似文献   

13.
汞胁迫对桉树3个保护酶活性及基因表达的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以广林9号桉(GL9)3月龄幼苗为材料,用0、25、50、75 μmol/L HgCl2溶液(对应对照、低、中、高浓度)连续浇灌处理15 d后,测量株高,检测叶片叶绿素和丙二醛(MDA)含量、测定过氧化物酶(class Ⅲ peroxidases,POD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GPX)的活性,分析9个保护酶基因的转录变化,探讨汞胁迫对保护酶活性及基因表达的影响。处理后各组间的株高、叶绿素含量无显著性差异。高浓度Hg2+处理使MDA含量升高到对照的3.35倍,达27.88 nmol/g。与对照相比,Hg2+处理后GPX活性降低,POD和CAT活性在25 μmol/L Hg2+处理下最高。从3类保护酶基因中的酶类选出3个基因进行qPCR分析。Hg2+处理后POD3、CAT2、GPX1的转录上调且低浓度处理上调更显著,其他6个基因的转录则呈下调趋势。设对照中基因的相对表达量为1,低浓度Hg2+处理后这3个基因的相对表达量分别为6.81、4.58和2.56,高浓度Hg2+处理后的相对表达量分别为2.31、2.02和1.08。结果表明,Hg2+胁迫影响保护酶活性使膜脂过氧化加剧,低浓度的Hg2+诱导POD3、CAT2和GPX1基因转录上调,增强桉树对汞胁迫的适应性。  相似文献   

14.
The partitioning of gaseous mercury between the atmosphere and surface waters was determined in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. The highest concentrations of dissolved gaseous mercury occurred in cooler, nutrient-rich waters that characterize equatorial upwelling and increased biological productivity at the sea surface. The surface waters were supersaturated with respect to elemental mercury; a significant flux of elemental mercury to the atmosphere is predicted for the equatorial Pacific. When normalized to primary production on a global basis, the ocean effluxes of mercury may rival anthropogenic emissions of mercury to the atmosphere.  相似文献   

15.
[目的]探讨陕西省产地养殖鱼类重金属的含量水平、分布特征以及食用安全。[方法]以陕西省主要水产品养殖区的主要养殖品种为抽样监测对象,应用原子吸收和原子荧光分光光度法,分别测定陕西省陕南、关中、陕北7个地市随机采集的当地主要养殖水产品肌肉中锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)、汞(Hg)、砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)的含量。并依据食品中污染物限量国家标准和水产品中有毒有害物质限量标准分析重金属在陕西省养殖水产品中的分布特征和食用安全性。[结果]陕西省养殖水产品肌肉中重金属平均含量依次为ZnCuHgPbAsCd;其中Zn检出率最高,为100%,As检出率最低,为39.3%;Zn、Cu、As、Hg含量水平在不同食性养殖水产品中存在显著性差异,Pb和Cd含量水平无显著差异;陕西省不同地区养殖水产品As和Hg含量水平存在显著性差异,Zn、Cu、Pb、Cd含量水平无显著性差异。食用安全性评价表明,陕西省主要养殖水产品的重金属综合污染指数小于1.0,无污染;综合污染指数关中地区(0.154)陕南地区(0.085)陕北地区(0.061)。[结论]研究可为渔业管理部门了解水产品质量安全状况,开展渔业环境及水产品质量安全监管提供参考依据。  相似文献   

16.
An analysis of the concentrations of total mercury and methylmercuric salts in lake trout of precisely known ages from 1 to 12 years has been carried out. The concentrations of both total mercury and methylmercury increased with the age of the fish. The proportion of methylmercury to total mercury also increased with age.  相似文献   

17.
鱼类行为研究在捕捞中的应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
鱼类行为除了自身的摄食、生殖、呼吸行为外,还包括逃避敌害、洄游、集群等行为,同时鱼类行为也受到一些环境因子(如潮汐和水温)的影响。作者总结了鱼类行为学研究的主要内容和方法以及在捕捞实际中的应用,指出鱼类行为学研究未来的发展方向主要是根据不同鱼类的行为特点,研制开发高效节能、环境友好型渔具,从而保持渔业资源的可持续利用。  相似文献   

18.
Wentz FJ  Ricciardulli L 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,334(6058):905; author reply 905
Young et al. (Reports, 22 April 2011, p. 451) reported trends in global mean wind speed much larger than found by other investigators. Their report fails to reference these other investigations and does not discuss the consequences that such large wind trends would have on global evaporation and precipitation. The difference between their altimeter and buoy trends suggests a relatively large trend error.  相似文献   

19.
通过盆栽试验研究了不同浓度(1%C、1.5%C、2%C)腐殖酸(HAs)活性组分(富里酸FA,胡敏酸HA)对含汞土壤中汞赋存形态的影响。结果表明,HAs的添加可以显著降低土壤水溶态汞和交换态汞的含量,增加土壤碱溶态汞和有机结合态汞的含量,从而有效降低土壤汞的生物有效性,但不同腐殖酸浓度与组分对土壤汞形态转化的影响不一。与对照CK相比,不同浓度FA和HA作用下土壤水溶态汞和交换态汞在45 d内分别下降了6.28%~7.05%、13.25%~15.89%和7.32%~7.46%、14.26%~16.7%;而土壤碱溶态汞和有机结合态汞在45 d内分别上升了13.03%~16.24%、14.33%~17.27%和2.52%~8.67%、15.96%~19.16%。  相似文献   

20.
Mercury concentrations in recent and ninety-year-old benthopelagic fish   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Several species of bottom-dwelling fish from 2500 meters with similar feeding habits had mercury concentrations that differed by an order of magnitude. Within one species there was a correlation between size and concentration, with the larger individuals having mercury concentrations as high as 0.8 part per million (wet weight). The mercury content of the water in the deep-ocean habitat of these fish appears not to determine the mercury content of a particular fish; species-specific factors and size do appear to determine this concentration. The species-specific variation between the recent fish also existed between the same two species in specimens collected 90 years ago from a depth of 2000 meters, and a 90-year-old specimen fit closely the size-concentration regression curve for nine recent individuals of the same species.  相似文献   

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