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1.
Effects of protopanaxdiol (PDG) and protopanaxatriol (PTG) types of ginsenosides isolated from the leaves of American ginseng on porcine pancreatic lipase activity were determined in vitro. PDG inhibited the pancreatic lipase activity in a dose-dependent manner at the concentrations of 0.25–1 mg/ml. It inhibited hydrolysis of about 83.2% of triolein at about 1 mg/ml of PDG. However, PTG showed no inhibitory activity. Therefore, anti-obesity activity of PDG was evaluated in mice fed a high-fat diet. The results demonstrated that PDG was effective in preventing and healing obesity, fatty liver and hypertriglyceridemia in mice fed with a high-fat diet. 相似文献
2.
Teucrium chamaedrys L. (Labiatae), a herb used to combat obesity, can occasionally cause hepatitis. All mutagenicity tests done were negative. After 13 weeks of administration by oral route in Sprague Dawley rats T. chamaedrys proved to be well tolerated at 0.056 g kg(-1) day(-1) (i.e. 0.4 mg kg(-1) day(-1) of teucrin A). At this dose the compound induced minor effects on body weight of both males and females and slight, reversible liver changes, confined to females, which mainly consisted of hepatocellular hypertrophy. This modification, in absence of other morphological findings can be considered an adaptative metabolic, rather than toxic effect. 相似文献
3.
Schoenfelder T Pich CT Geremias R Avila S Daminelli EN Pedrosa RC Bettiol J 《Fitoterapia》2008,79(6):465-467
Casearia sylvestris methanolic extract (MCE) was screened at doses of 125–500 mg/kg for its antihyperlipidemic activity. The antihyperlipidemic effect was evaluated in olive oil-loaded mice. Acute treatment caused inhibition in the triglyceride (TG) and serum lipase elevation-induced by 5 ml/kg of olive oil. 相似文献
4.
选择城市绿化重要树种圆柏为研究对象,探讨北美圆柏枝叶对小鼠自发活动及其生理生化指标的影响及挥发性物质与环境间的关系。采用旷场分析法,将入组的30只昆明小鼠分成3组:对照组、低剂量组和高剂量组,低剂量组和高剂量组分别对应地暴露于210 g和420 g圆柏枝叶中,每天4 h,连续处理6 d,观察小鼠各行为指标,结合医学手段分析小鼠相应的生理生化指标。结果表明,小鼠的中央格运动路程、总路程及中央格运动时间都呈现一定的剂量反应;体质量呈稳定增长趋势;生理指标正常,生化指标有部分超出正常范围。经低浓度枝叶挥发物处理的小鼠兴奋性增强,探究和认知能力增强,且其食欲没有受到影响,但是引起部分生化指标的异常,其作用机制还需进一步的探索。研究结果为圆柏作为生态保健树用于城市森林人居环境建设绿化配置提供科学依据。 相似文献
5.
Three new compounds, dalberpene (1), dalparvinene B (2) and dalparvone B (3), as well as 12 known compounds were isolated from the heartwood of Dalbergia parviflora. Isoflavanone 13 showed strong cytotoxicity against KB, MCF-7 and NCI-H187 cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 3.5 to 5.4 μg/mL and it was inactive against normal cells. 相似文献
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茶藨子属（Ribes Linn.）植物绝大部分处于野生生长状态,其资源数量和分布区正逐年减少,研究其生理特性和保护亟待加强。文中对近年来国内外有关茶藨子属植物的抗逆性表现及其调控机制进行综述,分析了低温、高温、干旱、盐碱、病害等逆境条件下的生长状况,发现许多逆境能诱导其形态结构、代谢特点（水分状况、光合作用、呼吸作用、物质代谢）发生明显变化,茶藨子属植物通过生长发育调节、代谢调节、渗透调节等几种方式增强抗逆性。在掌握茶藨子属植物生长环境的基础上,深入研究其逆境生理,可为该物种种质资源保护及开发利用提供科学参考。 相似文献
8.
To detect the magnitude of indirect positive effects of deer and mice on seedling survival of some woody species in a Japanese temperate forest, we analyzed the data from an earlier field experiment using a hierarchical Bayesian approach. The forest studied was inhabited by sika deer (Cervus nippon) and mice (Apodemus spp.), and the floor was covered with dwarf bamboo, Sasa nipponica, which negatively affected tree seedlings and was in turn negatively affected by deer and mice. The field experiment was designed as the combination of exclusion or removal of these factors: deer, mice and dwarf bamboo. A hierarchical Bayesian model was constructed and the parameters were estimated by the Markov chain Monte Carlo method. The model successfully showed the indirect positive effects of deer and mice, which improved the survival rate of five cohorts of the seedlings of three tree species by ameliorating the direct negative effect of dwarf bamboo. The cohorts studied were formed by the seedlings of Abies homolepis that emerged in 1997 and 2002, those of Fraxinus lanuginosa f. serrata that emerged in 1998 and 2002, and those of Fagus crenata that emerged in 1999. The positive indirect effect was especially large in F. crenata, which is known to be severely affected by dwarf bamboo. The total effect of deer was shown to be positive for all cohorts except the A. homolepis cohort that emerged in 1997, at which time the dwarf bamboo had not yet fully recovered from the browsing pressure of deer. The total effect of mice was shown to be positive for all of the cohorts. We conclude that these positive effects were due to the large negative effect of dwarf bamboo on the seedlings. 相似文献
9.
Indonesian medicinal plants were screened as potential sources of antiacne agents. The screening methods were performed using
antibacterial assay against Propionibacterium acnes, lipase inhibitor assay, and antioxidant assay. The results showed that from 40 plant materials extracted with methanol and
50% ethanol in water, Caesalpinia sappan was the best extract based on the combined activities: antibacterial (minimum inhibitory concentration 0.13 mg/ml; minimum
bactericidal concentration 0.25 mg/ml), lipase inhibitory [50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) 120.0 μg/ml], and antioxidative (IC50 6.47 μg/ml). Another prospective extract is Intsia palembanica based on its lipase inhibitory activity (IC50 4.1 μg/ml) and antioxidant activity (IC50 3.87 μg/ml).
Part of this report was presented at the 58th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tsukuba, March 2008 相似文献
10.
[目的]探讨外源保幼激素类似物(JHA)对白蜡虫泌蜡和发育的影响。[方法]使用高、中、低浓度保幼激素类似物经喷施、涂干、注射处理白蜡虫2龄雄幼虫。[结果]表明:白蜡虫2龄雄幼虫经外源中等浓度保幼激素类似物(2.5 mg·m L-1)喷施处理可以显著提高白蜡虫2龄雄幼虫的个体泌蜡量,昆明地区增产率平均可达41.50%,峨眉地区增产率平均达25.56%;但此方法在2地区之间表现出差异性,原因可能与两地种虫来源所处的生态环境差异有关。在中、低浓度范围内,JHA对白蜡虫蛹体质量表现出促进作用,高浓度表现出抑制作用;JHA对蛹体长的抑制随着外源保幼激素浓度的增加而增强;外源保幼激素类似物还可以提高白蜡虫蛹的羽化率,羽化率达62.70%~81.62%。[结论]中浓度JHA(2.5 mg·m L-1)喷施处理2龄雄幼虫显著提高白蜡虫泌蜡量;白蜡虫蛹的体长与JHA浓度之间存在一定的负相关性;白蜡虫蛹的体质量表现出低浓度促进,高浓度抑制;喷施和涂干处理,高浓度可显著提高白蜡虫蛹的羽化率;白蜡虫蛹的羽化可能并不受其体质量和体长的影响。 相似文献
11.
The Center for Agroforestry at the University of Missouri has tested numerous native legumes for potential use in agroforestry
and selected Illinois bundleflower (Desmanthus illinoensis (Michaux) MacMillan ex Robinson and Fern.) and panicled tick clover (Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC.) for further testing. Our objective was to document the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) (Glomus spp.) and Rhizobium on growth and nutrient concentration of these legumes. Seeds were planted in a greenhouse and inoculated with one of two
species of AM and/or one of two strains of Rhizobium. Plants were harvested after 80 d and data taken on leaf and stem dry weight, root fresh weight, stem height, nodulation,
AM colonization, and N, P, K, Ca, and Mg concentration. Inoculation with Rhizobium did not affect plant growth in Illinois bundleflower, but colonization by Glomus intraradices increased all plant growth variables except stem height. Nutrient concentration was unaffected by the presence of either
endophyte. In contrast, inoculation of panicled tick clover with Rhizobium str. 41Z10 increased leaf dry weight (32%) compared to the control and root fresh weight (41%) compared to str. 32Z3, and
colonization by G. intraradices increased leaf dry weight (35%) and stem height (26%). Both species of AM increased P and K concentration (41% and 55%, respectively)
in panicled tick clover. Our results suggest that the growth of these legumes can be improved by the use of proper AM species
and/or Rhizobium strains. However, additional research to identify the best Rhizobium and AM inoculates for these plant species is important in developing strategies for their use in agroforestry.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the antitussive, expectorant and anti-inflammatory effects of alkaloids imperialine (I), chuanbeinone (II), verticinone (III), and verticine (IV), which were isolated from the Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae (BFC) using phytochemical method. The results showed that all the alkaloids significantly inhibited cough frequency and increased latent period of cough in mice induced by ammonia. Besides, imperialine(I), verticinone(III) and verticine(IV) markedly enhanced mice's tracheal phenol red output in expectorant evaluation, and imperialine(I), chuanbeinone(II) significantly inhibited the development of ear edema in a dose-dependent manner in anti-inflammatory assessment. Moreover, important differences were found among the structure–activity relationships for the four alkaloids. These results confirmed that the four alkaloids imperialine, chuanbeinone, verticinone and verticine may be the active ingredients of the Bulbus F. Cirrhosae (BFC). 相似文献
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The effects of applying N(urea, 46% N), P(phosphate, 12% P2O5) and K(potassium sulphate, 54% K2O) fertilizers on the growth performance and biomass yield of 8-month-old Archidendron clypearia seedlings were examined by L9 orthogonal array with 3 replicates in the nursery of Zengcheng Forest Farm of Guangzhou, Guangdong Province. The test seedlings were potted with the subsoil of total N 0.0484%, total P 0.1518% and total K 1.2629%, and fertilized at the 2nd and 6th months with the application rates of 0, 10 and 20 mg of N, 0, 20 and 50 mg of P and 0, 10 and 20 mg of K per seedling. The results showed that the diameter at ground level(DGL), the height and the oven-dried weight biomass of 8-month-old seedlings differed significantly at P=0.05. The combined application dose of 20 mg N, 20 mg P and 0 mg K per seedling resulted in the best seedling growth and biomass yield. N fertilizer was a significant factor in the growth of DGL and height of A. clypearia seedlings. P fertilizer had no significant effects on both DGL and height, while K fertilizer only affected DGL significantly. Analysis of the leaf and root stoichiometry suggested that N may be the most single limiting nutrient, A. clypearia seedlings used N more efficiently than they used P. 相似文献
15.
The dichloromethane (MKD) and ethyl acetate (MKE) extracts of Murraya koenigii leaves significantly reduced the body weight gain, plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels significantly when given orally at a dose of 300 mg/kg/day to the high fat diet (HFD) induced obese rats for 2 weeks. The observed antiobesity and antihyperlipidemic activities of these extract are correlated with the carbazole alkaloids present in them. Mahanimbine (1) when given orally (30 mg/kg/day) also significantly lowered the body weight gain as well as plasma TC and TG levels. These findings demonstrate the excellent pharmacological potential of mahanimbine to prevent obesity. 相似文献
16.
From April to December in 1997 at Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, the effect of predation
risk on social behavior, feeding, reproduction and sexual hormones of the root voles (Microtus oeconomus) was studied when the root voles (Microtus oeconomus) were exposed to the odor of fitch (Mustila eversmanni). The results showed that the root voles delayed breeding period and the frequency of the copulation significantly lowered
(P<0.01). Comparing with the control group, the accumulated time of amicable behavior in females, and general activity of both
sexes increased significantly (P<0.01). The frequencies of general activity (P<0.01), investigating activity (females:P<0.05, males:P<0.01), and self-grooming (P<0.01) of both sexes were less significantly. At the same time, the amount of energy intake (P<0.05) and body weight (P<0.01) of the root voles decreased significantly. The litter weight and ovary index of females decreased (P<0.01). For males the sperm count in epididymides also decreased significantly (P<0.01). The progesterone in the blood serum of root voles females increased significantly under fitch odor (P<0.01).
Biography: WANG Zhen-long (1971-), male, lecture in Department of Biology, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P.R. China
Responsible editor: Zhu Hong 相似文献
17.
[目的]探索解淀粉芽孢杆菌P-14对油茶炭疽病病原菌的拮抗物质,以期为油茶炭疽病的生物农药开发利用提供理论依据。[方法]利用酸沉淀法和高效液相色谱法分离解淀粉芽孢杆菌P-14发酵液中的拮抗物质,通过顶空固相微萃取法和气相色谱-质谱法对解淀粉芽孢杆菌P-14的挥发性物质进行了分离鉴定。[结果]分离后的组分a对油茶炭疽病的病原菌具有良好的抑制作用,其主要成分为C15 bacillomycin D(杆菌霉素D)。此外,共分离得到35种挥发性化合物,其相对抑菌率为(26.19±3.82)%,其中包含苯类物质(benzenes)10种、烷基类物质(alkyls)8种、醇类物质(alcohols)2种、酮类物质(ketones)11种、醛类物质(aldehydes)3种和1种酯类物质(esters)。[结论]解淀粉芽孢杆菌P-14能产生对油茶炭疽病的病原菌具有明显的拮抗作用的物质,并确定了其拮抗物质种类,为油茶炭疽病的生物农药开发提供了可靠的研究内容。 相似文献
18.
Gioacchino Calapai Fabio Firenzuoli Antonio Saitta Francesco Squadrito Maria R. Arlotta Giuseppina Costantino Giuseppina Inferrera 《Fitoterapia》1999,70(6):1474
The effects of repeated oral administration of 2.5–20 mg/kg of two Citrus aurantium fruit extracts standardized to different concentrations of synephrine (4 and 6%, respectively) on food intake, body weight gain, arterial blood pressure, electrocardiogram (ECG) and mortality have been investigated in the rat. C. aurantium administration significantly reduced food intake and body weight gain. However, mortality (not observed in controls) was present in all C. aurantium treated groups. Arterial blood pressure was not modified, but ECG alterations (ventricular arhythmias with enlargement of QRS complex) were evident in animals treated with both extracts. Our data indicate that, in the rat, antiobesity effects of C. aurantium are accompanied by toxic effects probably due to cardiovascular toxicity. 相似文献
19.
To evaluate the relationship between reproductive potential and body size of Dastarcus helophoroides Faimaire (synonym Dastarcus longulus Sharp), 17 adult females obtained under outdoor conditions were dissected individually to count the ovarioles and determine the mean size of mature eggs in ovarioles and oviducts following the measurements of fresh body weight, body length, maximum body width, maximum width of prothorax, and elytral length. Each female had two ovaries. The number of ovarioles per female varied from 36 to 154 depending on maternal body length. However, the mean length and width of mature eggs were independent of body length. There were no differences in any body-size traits and allometry between the sexes. 相似文献
20.
Continuous body weight dynamics in supplementally fed free-ranging sika deer (Cervus nippon) during the three consecutive overwinters (from January to April), 1992–1994 were surveyed. Almost all individuals lost weight
continuously throughout each winter (adult deer 5–13%; young deer 3–19%) and several deer lost weight even in April. Weight
gain after loss began in the mid-April when ambient temperature increased and when plant growth began. Weight dynamics varied
according to sex, age and reproductive status. Adult deer showed significant large weight loss than the young. Young deer
lost weight (calves 18±11 g/day, yearling and two-year-olds 27±29 g/day) more slowly than the adults (65±23 g/day). Following
this study of over-winter body weight dynamics, it seems that early springs are the most critical periods for the survival
of free-ranging sika deer because of their poor nutritional condition.
A portion of this report was presented at the 106th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Forestry Society (1994). 相似文献