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大突肩瓢虫生物学及田间种群消长研究 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
大突肩瓢虫Synonycha grandis(Thunberg）在云南开远1年发生4代，以成虫在蔗茎老叶鞘内越冬。日均温26.6-27.8℃下，卵期3－4天，幼虫期9－12天，预肾期1天，肾期4－5天，成虫产卵前期20－25天，1个世代历期37－46天；日均温24.5-25.5℃下，卵期5－9天，幼虫期14－21天，预肾期1－2天，蛹期5－8天，成虫产卵前期25－30天，1个世代历期45－55天。（第4代）（越冬代）各虫态历期延长，全代历期长达250余天。成虫、幼虫均捕食甘蔗绵蚜。大突肩瓢虫田间种群:6妆开始在蔗田出现，8－10月种群数量明显增长，11月间形成高峰，12月开始越冬。 相似文献
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苹果蠹蛾的生物学特性及消长动态 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
苹果蠹蛾(Cydia pomonellaL.)在甘肃张掖地区1年发生2代和一个不完整的第3代,以老熟幼虫在粗皮裂缝、翘皮下、树洞中、主干分枝及主枝分叉处的缝隙中结茧越冬。4月上旬,越冬幼虫陆续开始化蛹,5月中旬为越冬代成虫羽化高峰期,5月中下旬1代幼虫蛀果为害,7月中下旬为1代成虫羽化高峰期,7月中下旬至8月上旬为2代幼虫为害高峰期,9月中下旬出现不完整第3代幼虫。在甘肃张掖地区,6月中旬至7月上旬越冬代成虫和第1代成虫之间有一段明显的间断期,说明第1代苹果蠹蛾发生的趋势相对较为独立,世代重叠现象发生不重。 相似文献
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苹果蠹蛾的生物学特性及消长动态 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
苹果蠹蛾(Cydia pomonellaL.)在甘肃张掖地区1年发生2代和一个不完整的第3代,以老熟幼虫在粗皮裂缝、翘皮下、树洞中、主干分枝及主枝分叉处的缝隙中结茧越冬。4月上旬,越冬幼虫陆续开始化蛹,5月中旬为越冬代成虫羽化高峰期,5月中下旬1代幼虫蛀果为害,7月中下旬为1代成虫羽化高峰期,7月中下旬至8月上旬为2代幼虫为害高峰期,9月中下旬出现不完整第3代幼虫。在甘肃张掖地区,6月中旬至7月上旬越冬代成虫和第1代成虫之间有一段明显的间断期,说明第1代苹果蠹蛾发生的趋势相对较为独立,世代重叠现象发生不重。 相似文献
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东方粉蝶是十字花科蔬菜上的重要害虫,在铜鼓县一年发生6—8代,以蛹越冬,卵期3—5天。幼虫期,第1代16—18天,第2～6代11—13天,第7～8代18—20天,11月为25天。蛹期5～10月中旬为7～10天,10月底～11月初为12～18天,越冬蛹128～174天,成虫寿命,雄为3—4天,雌为7—8天,产卵量150粒左右。文中对该虫的形态作了描述和绘图。防治时,给合人工捕采幼虫和卵粒,田间施药可用2.5％敌杀死剂2500—3000倍液、90％敌百虫1000倍液、50％马拉硫磷或敌敌畏800—1000倍液,防治效果很好。 相似文献
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通过生活史观察和成虫动态监测发现,苹果蠹蛾在新疆库尔勒市1年发生2代和一个不完整的第3代。以老熟幼虫在枝干或树干翘皮、裂缝和树洞中越冬。越冬代老熟幼虫在4月上旬开始化蛹,5月中旬为越冬代成虫羽化高峰期,6月上、中旬为1代幼虫蛀果为害期,7月上旬为1代成虫羽化高峰期,7月下旬至8月中旬为2代幼虫为害高峰期,9月中、下旬出现第3代幼虫。6月上旬至7月上旬,一直能够诱到苹果蠹蛾成虫。在越冬代成虫和第1代成虫之间没有间断期。说明其世代重叠现象较明显。根据当地苹果蠹蛾的发生消长动态,提出了相应的防控措施。 相似文献
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黄斑盘瓢虫发生规律和捕食效应的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文报道了黄斑盘瓢虫的有效积温。其卵、幼虫、蛹与全世代的发育起点温度分别为12.4,8.9,11.8与9.9℃;有效积温分别为41.1、138.8,53.6与243.3日度。其发育速率受猎物的影响,捕食苹果蚜的幼虫和蛹期合计平均10.4天,食大豆蚜的11.9天,食洋槐蚜的13.9天。成虫食最占全世代总食置的92％。该虫在江淮地区一年发生5～6代,以成虫越冬。每雌产卵213～1290粒。对寄主有明显的季节跟随现象。 相似文献
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大灰象虫是福建省柑桔类果树的重要害虫之一,此虫在福州、閩侯地区,一年发生一代,少数二年完成一代。以成虫及幼虫在土中越冬。越冬成虫于3月底开始出土活动,取食新梢嫩叶及幼果。4月中旬为发生盛期并开始产卵,产卵期长达69—111天。卵期在4—6月間为7—12天,7—8月間为5—6天。4月下旬幼虫开始孵化,7月中旬以前孵出的幼虫,当年10月底开始羽化,羽化成虫在蛹室中越冬,翌年春暖出土;7月下旬以后孵出的幼虫,当年职幼虫在土室内越冬,幼虫期长372—400天,直到第二年9—10月間才化蛹、羽化,并以成虫越冬,第三年春暖出土。成虫食性复杂,不同食料植物对其寿命、产卵量、产卵期有很大影响。生活在桃树上成虫寿命最长,产卵数量也最多。防治方法,采取胶环捕杀或人工震落捕杀成虫收效很大。药剂方面,可噴射50％敌百虫400倍液或6％可湿性六六六及25％DDT乳剂混合液(1:1:200)效果甚好。 相似文献
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2013—2017年,利用性诱剂诱集大樱桃园(附近种植梨、桃、苹果等其他寄主作物)梨小食心虫成虫,研究多寄主生境下梨小食心虫种群消长动态。通过观测发现,在烟台市与多种果树混栽的大樱桃园中,梨小食心虫1年发生5代。其中,越冬代成虫盛发期为4月中、下旬,第1代成虫为5月下旬末至6月上旬初,第2代成虫为6月下旬末至7月上旬,第3代成虫为8月上、中旬,第4代成虫为9月上、中旬。各世代成虫发生期多连续,存在世代重叠现象。成虫发生期持续时间以越冬代和第4代较长,以第2、3代较短。各世代成虫发生量以越冬代和第1代蛾量较多,其余3代数量起伏不定。建议生产上重点防治越冬代和第1代。 相似文献
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Norton RA 《Phytopathology》1997,87(8):814-821
ABSTRACT Carotenes and xanthophylls occurring in yellow corn and related terpenoids were tested for their effect on growth and aflatoxin B(1) production by Aspergillus flavus NRRL 3357, using the suspended disc culture method. Aflatoxin synthesis was inhibited at concentrations of beta-carotene, lutein, and zeaxanthin comparable to those found in the horny endosperm of mature corn. Usually growth was not significantly affected. Inhibition of aflatoxin biosynthesis was greater for compounds with an alpha-ionone-type ring (alpha-carotene, lutein, or alpha-ionone) compared with compounds with a beta-ionone ring. The presence of hydroxy groups on the rings tended to decrease inhibition, but did not override the effect of the ring type; lutein was similar to alpha-carotene and zeaxanthin was similar to beta-carotene in inhibition. A mutant accumulating norsolorinic acid (NA), A. parasiticus SRRC 162, incubated with alpha-carotene produced reduced levels of both NA and aflatoxin, indicating that inhibition occurred before NA. Additional A. flavus strains tested against 50 mug/ml of beta-carotene had 89 to 96% inhibition, which was significantly more sensitive than NRRL 3357. A. parasiticus strains were less sensitive and generally had similar or lower inhibition than NRRL 3357. The results indicate that the presence of carotenoids in endosperm may decrease the amount of aflatoxin produced by A. flavus. 相似文献
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The ram's horn snail (Planorbella trivolvis (Say)) is an intermediate host for a digenetic trematode (Bolbophorus confusus (Krause) Dubois) that has recently been discovered to be a significant problem in commercial channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Raf) production ponds in the Mississippi Delta region in the USA. In these catfish ponds, the digenetic life cycle of this parasitic trematode involves two intermediate hosts, the ram's horn snail and the channel catfish, and the final host, the American white pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Gmelin). One approach to eradicate this problem is to disrupt the life cycle of the parasitic trematodes by eliminating the snails. During our search for natural-product-based molluscicides to control the snails in the catfish ponds, vulgarone B, isolated from the steam distillate of the aerial parts of the plant Artemisia douglasiana Besser (Asteraceae), was found to be active towards the snails with a LC50 of ca 24 microM. Channel catfish toxicity studies indicated a LC50 of ca 207 microM. Vulgarone B may be an environmentally acceptable alternative for snail control in aquaculture. 相似文献
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以感染水稻条纹病毒(RSV)水稻叶片的总RNA为模板,利用RT-PCR扩增出了RSV的CP基因。分别将正反向的CP基因连接到载体pMCG161,再将此载体和pCAMBIA1301载体同时双酶切,产物回收后连接,成功构建了适合农杆菌介导的水稻转化RNAi载体。在农杆菌水稻转化过程中,比较了分化阶段是否加潮霉素对愈伤组织分化的影响,结果表明,分化阶段去除潮霉素的筛选可以提高愈伤组织的分化程度但同时降低获得水稻植株的阳性率。 相似文献
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Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) induces defence responses and resistance to Plasmopara viticola in grapevine
H. Boubakri J. Chong A. Poutaraud C. Schmitt C. Bertsch A. Mliki J. E. Masson I. Soustre-Gacougnolle 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,136(4):837-855
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is susceptible to a variety of pathogenic fungi that affect yield and wine quality. Their control is generally achieved by widespread application of fungicides in the vineyards. The economic costs and negative environmental impact associated with these applications has led to a quest for alternative strategies, focusing on manipulation of host defence mechanisms. Here, we evaluated the ability of riboflavin (i.e. Vitamin B2) to induce resistance against downy mildew in grapevine. Our results showed that 2 mM riboflavin applied 1–3 days before pathogen inoculation provided a disease reduction efficiency of 86 %. A microscopic analysis of the time course of P. viticola colonization in riboflavin-treated leaf discs suggests early inhibition of hyphae spreading in the intercellular space. This resistance does not result from a direct fungitoxic effect of riboflavin. However, this vitamin activates host-defence responses including H2O2 generation, upregulation of an array of defence-related genes and synthesis of callose in stomata cells, while stilbene synthesis is not affected. Using a pharmacological approach, we deduced that both jasmonic acid and callose biosynthesis pathways are significantly involved in riboflavin-induced resistance against downy mildew in grapevine. 相似文献
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