共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 265 毫秒
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试论拟除虫菊酯类农药在水稻田中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
拟除虫菊酯类农药具有高效、广谱、残留较低等特点,但由于其对鱼类等水生生物毒性高,以及可能导致稻飞虱再猖獗等原因,我国禁止其在水稻田使用。本文论述了拟除虫菊酯类农药在稻田使用时对水生生物的毒性、稻飞虱再猖獗、害虫抗药性和天敌的影响,并对拟除虫菊酯类农药在水稻田中使用的可行性提出了建议。 相似文献
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菊酯类农药在稻田使用初探（二）——拟除虫菊酯类农药在稻田？… 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文研究拟除虫菊酯类农药在稻田使用对水生生物、天敌、稻飞虱再猖獗以及对施药人员健康的影响,并研究菊酯类农药在作物和土壤中的残留,从而评价拟除虫菊酯类农药在稻田使用对环境的安全性。 相似文献
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拟除虫菊酯类农药急性中毒的防治鲁锡荣（中国预防医学科学院劳动卫生与职业病研究所１０００５０）拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂是模拟天然植物除虫菊的有效杀虫成分除虫菊素，经人工合成的一类农药。自１９４９年合成第１个拟除虫菊酯化合物丙烯菊酯以来，已合成了近万种拟除虫菊... 相似文献
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使用拟除虫菊酯类农药十注意周伯瑜周枫（湖北孝感师专４３２１００拟除虫菊酯类农药杀虫效果比天然除虫菊好，药性较稳定，药效期也较长，受到农户的欢迎。属于拟除虫菊酯类农药种类较多，常用的有氰戊菊酯（速灭杀丁）、溴氰菊酯（敌杀死）、氯氰菊酯（灭百可）、氟氯氰... 相似文献
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近年来国产拟除虫菊酯类农药如戊酸氰醚酯(S-5602)、戊酸醚酯(S-5439)、二氯苯醚菊酯,进口的拟除虫菊酯类农药如溴氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、百树菊酯、氟氰菊酯、戊酸氰醚酯等,均有一定的数量。因此检定拟除虫菊酯类农药的质量是一个新课题。 相似文献
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加拿大有害生物防治管理局（PMRA）将对拟除虫菊酯、除虫菊酯以及相关的增效剂等拟除虫菊酯类农药开展再评价工作,旨在建立拟除虫菊酯类农药的风险评估和风险管理办法。具体农药品种包括,杀虫剂丙烯菊酯、氟氯氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、右旋苯醚菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、二氯苯醚菊酯、除虫菊酯、苄呋菊酯、胺菊酯,增效剂增效醚和增效胺（octylbiclo heptene dicarboximide）。 相似文献
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本文介绍了我所几年来分析拟除虫菊酯类农药的基本方法,在一根以 OV-101为固定液的填充柱上,不同色谱条件下,分别对13种拟除虫菊酯类农药进行定性、定量分析的方法。同时测定了恒温条件下在 OV-101、SE-30、OV-17三根不同极性柱上13种菊酯的保留时间。为拟除虫菊酯类农药及其复配制剂的分析提供了一个快速、灵敏、准确的色谱分析方法。 相似文献
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拟除虫菊酯类农药的免疫毒性研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂因其高效、对哺乳动物低毒和易降解等特性已被广泛使用,目前对其生态毒理学的研究主要集中在神经及内分泌干扰、发育和生殖毒性方面,而关于其免疫毒性的研究也越来越受到了关注。文章对拟除虫菊酯类农药的免疫毒性及其分子机制研究进展进行了总结,主要从免疫器官、免疫细胞、免疫分子和免疫功能等方面综述了此类杀虫剂对不同生物的免疫毒性及其可能的分子机制,同时总结了拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂暴露与免疫相关疾病发生的关联,以期为拟除虫菊酯类农药免疫毒性的进一步探究提供参考。 相似文献
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水稻害虫防治安全使用农药专家系统 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
采用电脑技术,将水稻虫害的生物学特性、农药理化性质、稻田生态学特性和虫害防治经济指标等有关知识和数据经提炼形成电脑可处理的规则、知识和数据库,编制专家系统。通过人—机对话的形式来指导农药使用者安全使用农药防治水稻虫害。 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Pyrethroid insecticides have historically been effective for controlling bean leaf beetles in soybeans. Perceived field efficacy in the Mississippi Delta region has been lower over the past several years. Laboratory and field data were collected to determine whether there has been a reduction in pyrethroid insecticide susceptibility. RESULTS: Laboratory and field data both confirmed that control of bean leaf beetles with pyrethroid insecticides is poorer in the Delta regions of Mississippi and Louisiana than in all other regions tested. However, it was not possible to show that this reduced susceptibility changed over time. Furthermore, insect movement appeared to make insecticide susceptibility regional, so that localized insecticide applications had little impact on the susceptibility of successive generations. CONCLUSION: Lack of field control owing to low efficacy of pyrethroid insecticides against bean leaf beetle populations in the Delta region should be expected. Selection pressure on a regional basis may further decrease efficacy. Carbamate insecticides generally still provide high levels of control. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Agricultural insecticides can affect mosquito production in rice fields by controlling mosquitoes, disrupting biological control or contributing to selection of insecticide resistance. The duration of insecticidal activity of the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin was quantified on predatory insects in rice fields and on three kinds of mosquito larva: a pyrethroid-susceptible strain of Culex tarsalis Coquillet, a pyrethroid-resistant strain of Cx pipiens L. (sensu lato) and non-resistant Cx pipiens s.l. Lambda-cyhalothrin killed most caged, susceptible mosquitoes for up to 21 days. It killed fewer resistant Cx pipiens s.l., but suppressed their survival for over a week. Lambda-cyhalothrin suppressed field populations of predatory insects through day 29. Agricultural use of lambda-cyhalothrin can provide incidental mosquito control. However, the pyrethroid persisted in sediment and gradually decreased in activity, which could contribute to selection of pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes. Because caged mosquitoes showed good survival before predators recovered, disruption of biological control is possible. It is therefore advisable for growers and mosquito control agencies to communicate about pesticide use. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Most insecticides used to control rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuscel) infestations are pyrethroids. However, pyrethroids are highly toxic to non‐target crayfish associated with rice–crayfish crop rotations. One solution to the near‐exclusive reliance on pyrethroids in a rice–crayfish pest management program is to incorporate neonicotinoid insecticides, which are insect specific and effective against weevils but not extremely toxic to crayfish. This study aimed to take the first step to assess neonicotinoids as alternatives to pyrethroids in rice–crayfish crop rotations by measuring the acute toxicities of three candidate neonicotinoid insecticides, clothianidin, dinotefuran and thiamethoxam, to juvenile Procambarus clarkii (Girard) crayfish and comparing them with the acute toxicities of two currently used pyrethroid insecticides, lambda‐cyhalothrin and etofenprox. RESULTS: Neonicotinoid insecticides are at least 2–3 orders of magnitude less acutely toxic (96 h LC50) than pyrethroids to juvenile Procambarid crayfish: lambda‐cyhalothrin (0.16 µg AI L?1) = etofenprox (0.29 µg AI L?1) ? clothianidin (59 µg AI L?1) > thiamethoxam (967 µg AI L?1) > dinotefuran (2032 µg AI L?1). CONCLUSION: Neonicotinoid insecticides appear to be much less hazardous alternatives to pyrethroids in rice–crayfish crop rotations. Further field‐level neonicotinoid acute and chronic toxicity testing with crayfish is needed. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Pyrethroid resistance in B-type Bemisia tabaci Gennadius and Australian Helicoverpa armigera Hübner field populations is primarily conferred by esterase isoenzymes which metabolise and sequester pyrethroid insecticides. It has been shown previously that pyrethroid resistance-associated esterases in H. armigera are inhibited by the insecticide synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO) over a 22-h period. It is demonstrated here that similar inhibition can be obtained against B-type B. tabaci. Small-scale field trials showed excellent levels of pyrethroid control when insects were pretreated with PBO and then dosed with pyrethroid during the time of maximum esterase inhibition. These results demonstrate that PBO can restore pyrethroid efficacy in the field against both B-type B. tabaci and resistant H. armigera. 相似文献
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为明确黑龙江省西部草原蝗虫对杀虫剂的抗性，实现对草原蝗虫的高效节药治理，采用点滴法于2010年和2013年检测当地优势种大垫尖翅蝗Epacromius coerulipes不同种群对10种常规杀虫剂的敏感性，并测定3种增效剂对杀虫剂的增效作用。结果显示，与相对敏感基线相比，2010年大垫尖翅蝗肇源、林甸和杜蒙种群对有机磷类杀虫剂马拉硫磷、三唑磷和辛硫磷均未产生抗性，抗性比在1.09~3.32之间；对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂高效氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯的抗性比在3.57~6.86之间，处于敏感性下降和低抗水平；对其他5种杀虫剂氟虫腈、丁烯氟虫腈、阿维菌素、苦参碱和印楝素比较敏感，抗性比在0.88~1.44之间。2013年肇源种群对辛硫磷的抗性水平稍有增加，对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的抗性比上升至9.43~9.57，但仍处于低抗水平。停止使用有机磷类和拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂3年，大垫尖翅蝗对其的低水平抗性可以恢复到敏感水平；在拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂中混用增效醚，有机磷类杀虫剂中混用磷酸三苯酯，增效作用显著，对抗性种群的增效比达到3.48以上，可以明显降低用药量。表明黑龙江省西部草原蝗虫对各类常用杀虫剂未产生高水平抗性，对大部分杀虫剂较敏感，且混用增效剂可以有效延长杀虫剂的使用寿命，有效控制草原和农牧交错地带农作物的草原蝗虫。 相似文献
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北疆地区棉蚜对不同杀虫剂敏感度水平测定 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了解北疆不同地区棉蚜种群对不同类型杀虫剂的敏感度水平,科学指导北疆地区棉蚜的化学防治,利用FAO推荐的叶片浸渍法(1980)测定北疆地区4个棉蚜田间种群对4类杀虫剂的敏感性.结果表明,新农大种群对杀虫剂的敏感水平最高,不同类型杀虫剂的毒力大小顺序为:新烟碱类＞有机磷类＞抗生素类＞拟除虫菊酯类.安宁渠种群较石河子种群更为敏感.石河子垦区内的两个不同种群对菊酯类处于相对敏感状态;对有机磷类产生了明显抗药性,147团种群对辛硫磷的相对抗性倍数为951.8倍,新湖农场种群更达到了1236.9倍;147团种群和新湖种群对啶虫脒亦产生了明显的抗药性,相对抗性倍数分别为134.4倍和270.0倍,但对吡虫啉的敏感度较高.石河子垦区应限制使用新烟碱类的啶虫脒和有机磷类杀虫剂,以减缓棉蚜抗性的发展. 相似文献