共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
气候变化和人类活动在塔里木河流域水文要素中的反映 总被引：22，自引：9，他引：13
塔里木河流域较明显的增湿出现在近20 a,流域平原地区近10 a略有暖干化的迹象;20世纪90年代是流域山区近40 a来最暖湿的阶段,在天山南麓中西部山区和帕米尔高原一带90年代增湿幅度大,西昆仑山北坡一带近20 a降水变化很小.塔里木河流域4条源流出山口多年平均径流量为227.0×108 m3,从年代际尺度看,50-80年代基本接近多年平均值,而90年代受山区增暖变湿影响,4条源流径流量达241.9×108 m3,增幅6.6%.由于源流区人类活动的影响和粗放型农业,近50 a来补给塔里木河干流的源流条数和水量不断减少,加之塔里木河干流上中游区间耗水量大,导致下游水量减少,生态急剧恶化. 相似文献
2.
塔里木河流域水资源利用面临的主要问题 总被引：13，自引：9，他引：13
塔里木河流域由水引起的生态恶化,在我国内陆河流中具有代表性.研究表明:塔里木河流域近40 a源流来水量呈增加趋势,特别是近10 a增加更为明显.说明随着全球气候的变化,塔里木河源流区的水情得到好转.但在近10 a源流补给干流的水量增加不足1×108 m3/a, 特别是干流沿程各站点的径流量仍呈显著的线性递减趋势,表明塔里木河源流连续10 a的丰水期,并没有改变干流环境恶化的局面.在此基础上,总结塔里木河流域水资源利用存在的主要问题,并提出塔里木河流域水资源可持续利用的基本对策. 相似文献
3.
塔里木河流域水资源变化的周期性分析及预测 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
利用塔里木河源流区10个水文站1957-2003年的径流量资料,通过时间序列周期方差分析外推法计算了塔里木河上游三源流出山口径流量的水文周期,根据组间差异与组内差异最大的原则,得出塔里木河三源流的水文周期为17a;利用周期叠加趋势模型对塔里木河三源流出山口总径流量的变化趋势进行了预测,预报模型为：X（τ）=200．98443995＋0．51320681τ＋dt＋τ。从预测模型的预测结果看,从2006年起将出现一个源流来水量大幅减少的时段,如果不采取积极的对策和解决措施,塔里木河干流的生态问题将更加严峻。 相似文献
4.
塔里木河干流近50a地表水资源利用问题评估 总被引：25，自引：10，他引：15
塔里木河干流本身不产生径流 ,历史上曾有九大水系汇入 ,而现今与塔里木河干流有地表水力联系的只有阿克苏河、和田河和开都河—孔雀河三大水系 ,维系其水与生态系统。近 5 0a来 ,由于源流区以水资源开发利用为核心的高强度的人类活动 ,在源流区出山口水量未减少 ,且 2 0世纪 90年代以来有明显增加的背景下 ,补给干流的水量呈明显减少态势。加之干流区间耗水量不断增大 ,多年平均干流上游耗水量 16 .89× 10 8m3 ,中游 2 2 .96×10 8m3 ,上中游耗水量占阿拉尔站多年平均径流量 (4 6 .18× 10 8m3 )的 86 .3% ,仅有 (6 .33× 10 8m3 ) 13.7%的水量进入下游。地处下游的大西海子水库建于 1970年 ,1970 - 1999年的 30a中 ,有 2 0a无水下泄其下游 ,致使 32 0km河道干涸 ,台特玛湖于 1974年消失于荒漠中。塔里木河干流下游一片凄凉景象 ,风沙肆虐 ,沙漠扩大 ,生态退化 ,严重危及干流地区。 2 0 0 0年 5月 14日至 2 0 0 3年 11月 3日从博斯腾湖 5次向干流下游应急输水 ,计由大西海子水库下泄水量达 16 .6× 10 8m3 ,才使干涸长达 2 8a的台特码湖于 2 0 0 1年 11月 16日开始恢复到 10km2 多的水域 ,周边及沿河两岸生态与环境得以初步改善 相似文献
5.
近50年来塔里木河干流水量、水质及耗水分析 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
近53年来阿拉尔站以上3条源流出山口天然径流量呈增加趋势,由178.0×108m3增至207.6×108m3,净增29.6×108m3;3条源流年代际区间耗水量由128.5×108m3增至171.1×108m3,净增42.6×108m3;入塔里木河水量由50.0×108m3减至38.0×108m3,净减少12.0×108m3.历史上塔里木河最大耗水区在中游,多年平均耗水量24.8×108m3.从20世纪60年代至今的近40年,上游中、下段河床处于淤积状况,总淤积厚度130 cm,平均年淤积3.6 cm.从2001年至今上游段已成为塔里木河干流最大的耗水区,上游段耗水量占阿拉尔站年径流量的50%增加到80%,导致下游水量减少,环境恶化.塔里木河上游段高矿化度农田洗盐压碱水是干流水质恶化的根本原因,污染源主要集中在肖夹克至英巴扎的上游河段,尤其是阿拉尔站附近东西长60 km,南北宽20 km.现有8条排(退)水渠,其中有6条排水渠严重超标,矿化度4 71013 100 mg/L,是盐碱土规定标准2 000 mg/L的2.46.6倍.位于渭干河的新沙总排干,矿化度5 820 mg/L,严重超标,是盐碱土规定标准的2.9倍. 相似文献
6.
塔里木河流域生态环境恶化的水文效应 总被引：12，自引：9，他引：12
塔里木河是我国最大的内陆河。 4条源流出山口多年平均天然径流量 2 2 4 .9× 10 8m3 (195 7～ 2 0 0 1年 )。在全球变暖的大背景下 ,塔里木河流域山区气候出现变暖增湿的趋势 ,2 0世纪 90年代径流量达 2 4 1.9× 10 8m3 ,增幅 7.6 %。由于源流区人类开发利用水资源的影响 ,使得补给塔里木河干流的水量不断减少 ,水文条件改变 ,造成干流上、中游段耗水严重 ,导致下游生态与环境急剧退化。自 2 0 0 0年以来 ,实施的从开都河—博斯腾湖向下游绿色走廊应急输水 ,已使下游生态环境开始恢复生机。 相似文献
7.
基于初始水权分配的阿克苏河流域适时水权管理研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
胡军华 《干旱区资源与环境》2007,21(10):79-82
阿克苏河是塔里木河来水量最大的源流。近几十年来,由于用水量的增加,进入塔里木河干流的水量逐年减少,导致塔里木河下游生态环境急剧恶化。为了改善下游的生态环境,完成向塔里木河干流输水目标的任务,阿克苏河流域建立了基于初始水权分配的适时水权管理系统。提出了适时水权的概念,将适时水权分为四个等级,并分别阐述了各级适时水权的确定及管理。最后举例说明了阿克苏河流域适时水权的实践情况及意义。 相似文献
8.
怎能让塔里木河下游干涸的悲剧重现中游地区--2002年塔里木河流域3条源流区间耗水评析 总被引：10，自引：8，他引：2
20 0 2年塔里木河流域阿克苏、叶尔羌和和田河 3大源流出山口天然径流量 2 16 .75× 10 8m3 ,比多年平均值多 2 4× 10 8m3 ,然而由于人为的不合理利用水资源 ,致使 3条源流区间总耗水量达 16 4 .2 7× 10 8m3 ,而且叶尔羌河竟无水注入塔里木河干流 ,形成叶尔羌河艾力克他木到塔里木河干流肖夹克站间约 32 0km河床干涸近 2 0a之久 ,构成塔里木河流域新的生态与环境恶化地段 ,成为新疆一处新的风沙源地。它不仅威胁着阿克苏绿洲 ,而且影响着叶尔羌灌区的生产。必须制止这种毁灭人类家园的行为 ,使人们明白只有保护好干旱区河流常流水清 ,才能真正保护好自己的家园 ,才是科学的可持续利用有限的水资源。我们不能让塔里木河下游河道干涸 ,生态与环境恶化的悲剧在其流域中游地段重演。 相似文献
9.
未来气候情景下塔里木河干流日径流过程模拟研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以塔里木河干流为研究区,运用分布式MIKE SHE水文模型,识别了日值尺度下塔里木河干流下垫面各参数,选取干流内6个气象站(阿拉尔、拜城、库车、轮台、库尔勒、铁干里克)1998—2007年实测气象数据,依据干流3个水文站(新其满、英巴扎、恰拉)1998—2007年实测数据对模型进行识别和验证,并结合Had GEM 2-ES气候模式中气温和降水数据,预估了未来(2021—2050年)气候情景下塔里木河干流径流演变特征。结果表明:(1)运用MIKE SHE模型模拟塔里木河干流日径流过程,模型效率系数均达0.63以上,表明该模型适用性较强。(2)未来30 a塔里木河干流多年月平均气温均较基准期(1981—2004年)升高了1.7~2.2℃,且夏秋季节升温较高;降水整体呈增加趋势,且春季增幅较大,秋季增幅较小。(3)未来气候情景下,各水文站年均径流量呈减少趋势,且以夏秋季节表现最为显著(P0.01)。其中,下游恰拉水文站平均径流量减少比例最大(5.04%),上游新其满水文站减少比例最小(0.6%);各气候排放情景中,RCP2.6(低排放情景)下各水文站减少量最小,RCP8.5(高排放情景)下减少最大。未来气候情景下塔里木河干流年径流呈减少趋势,使区域水资源调配面临更大困难,生态安全面临更大威胁,同时也将加大区域人地关系矛盾。 相似文献
10.
近20 a塔里木河干流区土地利用变化特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
基于GIS技术及景观生态学原理,利用塔里木河干流区4期（1990年、2000年、2005年和2008年）土地利用遥感影像解译数据,研究近20 a塔里木河干流区土地利用的变化特征。结果表明：塔里木河治理后的10 a干流耕地面积增加了1.03×105 hm2,耕地动态度增加较大,盐碱地面积增加了7.13×104 hm2,较治理前增速呈减缓态势;草地面积约减小了4.91×105 hm2,林地、水域面积呈先增加后减小的趋势,但两者动态度减小。沙地、盐碱地的动态度减小,表明塔里木河综合治理基本抑制了干流区盐碱地、沙地面积增加的速度。同时,土地利用类型转移的方向主要是草地、林地、耕地、沙地之间的相互转化。塔里木河综合治理引起干流区水资源的再分配,对耕地、林地和盐碱地面积的变化影响较大;从各景观类型指标分析,聚集度指数明显降低,说明景观破碎度和连通性降低;而多样性指数和均匀度指数增加,表明区域景观异质性增加,稳定性增大。这些变化可能导致土壤表层积盐,沼泽地面积减少。本研究将有助于对综合治理工程的实施效果进行综合评估。 相似文献
11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They
represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing
slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more
stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively).
Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were
significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles. 相似文献
12.
Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Antonio Logrieco Antonio Bottalico Giuseppina Mulé Antonio Moretti Giancarlo Perrone 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):645-667
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams. 相似文献
13.
M. Fortass S. Diallo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(4):219-226
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes. 相似文献
14.
B. Blanco-Urgoiti M. Tribodet S. Leclere F. Ponz C. Pérez de san román F.J. Legorburu C. Kerlan 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(8):811-819
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5
end within the PVYN strain. 相似文献
15.
L. Blommers H. Helsen F. Vaal 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1988,94(2):95-103
The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed. 相似文献
16.
F. K. Crutcher M. A. Henry‐Gregory H. H. Wilkinson S. E. Duke T. Wheeler C. M. Kenerley 《Plant pathology》2018,67(4):839-847
In the summer of 2004 an epidemic of sclerotinia blight of peanut, a disease caused by Sclerotinia minor, occurred in Texas in fields where the disease was never previously detected. The disease was observed on many plants within one of the fields (>3000 disease foci), although most foci were <1 m. It is hypothesized that these observations were inconsistent with the recent introduction of a monocyclic pathogen, even if disease developed under conducive environmental conditions. The pattern of disease is most suggestive of the presence of foliar (ascospore) infections, although air temperature was above the known limits for apothecia development if the pathogen had arrived in the field in 2004 peanut seed. To further examine this epidemic, 232 isolates were collected, across a variety of spatial scales spanning this field and other Texas peanut fields, and evaluated for aggressiveness, fungicide sensitivity and genotypic diversity. There was wide variation among isolates for the phenotypic characteristics measured, but there was no evidence that a genotypically unique, highly aggressive, and fungicide resistant isolate had been introduced or evolved. The predominant genotype, TX1, which contained 154 isolates, was found in every county and field population. 相似文献
17.
Pedro W. Crous J.Z. Groenewald Walter Gams 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(8):841-850
Four species so far classified in Pseudocercosporella or Ramulispora (hyphomycetes) are associated with eyespot disease symptoms of cereals. Two of these have been linked to teleomorphs that were described in Tapesia. Sequence data derived from the Internal Transcribed Spacer region (ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2) of the rDNA operon showed, however, that the eyespot fungi associated with Tapesia are not congeneric with Ramulispora sorghi, the type of Ramulispora. The genus name Tapesia is now rejected in favour of the conserved name Mollisia, which appears to comprise heterogeneous fungi. Tapesia yallundae is not closely related to the type of Mollisia, M. cinerea, but clusters separately, being more closely allied to species with Cadophora anamorphs. A new holomorph genus, Oculimacula, is therefore proposed for teleomorphs of the eyespot fungi, while the anamorphs are accommodated in Helgardia gen. nov. 相似文献
18.
Dr. M. Schulte 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2005,57(2-3):37-46
Zusammenfassung Herbizidresistente Kulturpflanzen nehmen unter den derzeit weltweit angebauten gentechnisch veränderten Ackerbaukulturen Sojabohne, Baumwolle, Raps und Mais den weit überwiegenden Anteil ein. Als Ursachen für die rasche Zunahme der Anbauflächen herbizidresistenter Sorten sind unter anderem die Unzulänglichkeiten der für diese Kulturen bestehenden Herbizidlösungen sowie die Zunahme der pfluglosen Bestellverfahren zu sehen. Im Gegenzug hat die Minimalbodenbearbeitung aufgrund der Einführung der Herbizidresistenztechnologie, insbesondere in Sojabohne, ein ausgeprägtes Flächenwachstum erfahren.Als Entscheidungskriterien für die Wahl des Unkrautbekämpfungssystems unter Einbezug des Anbaus herbizidresistenter oder konventioneller Sorten lassen sich aus den Erfahrungen der vergangenen 8 Jahre anführen: Sortenleistung, erhöhte Kulturverträglichkeit und zeitliche Anwendungsflexibilität, Wirkungssicherheit einer Nachauflaufbehandlung in Trockenregionen, Wirkungsbreite, Wirkungsdauer und Bekämpfung resistenter Unkrautbiotypen. Aufgrund fehlender Zulassungen und Kennzeichnungsvorschriften in wichtigen Exportmärkten sind für den Anbau transgener Sorten in Übersee auch Vermarktungseinschränkungen sowie für den Anbau in Europa Haftungs- und Koexistenzregeln wichtige einzelbetriebliche Entscheidungsparameter.Fortschritte erfährt die Herbizidresistenztechnologie kurz- und mittelfristig in der Weiterentwicklung bereits praktizierter Spritzfolgen und Tankmischungen zu Fertigformulierungen der Komplementärherbizide mit residualen Partnern. Zur Bekämpfung und Vorbeugung der Ausbreitung neuer herbizidresistenter Biotypen werden die Komplementärherbizide mit Partnern anderer Wirkungsmechanismen kombiniert. Weitere Entwicklungen sind die Kombination verschiedener transgener Merkmale mit der Herbizidresistenz sowie die Ausweitung von den derzeit dominierenden Kulturen auf weltweit weniger bedeutsame Kulturen, in denen die Entwicklung neuer konventioneller Herbizidwirkstoffe bisher wenig erfolgreich war oder im Verhältnis zum Aufwand nur bedingt attraktiv ist. Für die langfristige Entwicklung könnte die Plastidentransformation zur Verhinderung einer unerwünschten Ausbreitung transgener Merkmale Bedeutung erlangen. 相似文献
19.
P. Oyarzun M. Gerlagh A. E. Hoogland 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(1):23-33
Research on root rot pathogens of peas in the Netherlands has confirmed the prevalence ofFusarium solani, F. oxysporum, Pythium spp.,Mycosphaerella pinodes andPhoma medicaginis var.pinodella. Aphanomyces euteiches andThielaviopsis basicola were identified for the first time as pea pathogens in the Netherlands. Other pathogens such asRhizoctonia solani andCylindrocarpon destructans were also found on diseased parts of roots.
F. solani existed in different degrees of pathogenicity, and was sometimes highly specific to pea, dwarf bean of field bean, depending on the cropping history of the field.A. euteiches was specific to peas, whereasT. basicola showed some degree of physiological specialization. 相似文献
20.
R. A. Daamen C. J. Langerak W. Stol 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1991,97(2):105-114
Data from surveys of winter wheat fields in the period 1974–1986 and of seed lots in the period 1962–1986 and identifications of diseases on plant samples were compiled to describe the occurrence of snow mould (Monographella nivalis) andFusarium spp. On average,M. nivalis dominated overFusarium spp. The complex ofFusarium spp. constituted mainly ofF. culmorum, followed byF. avenaceum andF. graminearum. M. nivalis was dominant in May on stem-bases and in July on leaves and leaf sheaths. On seedsM. nivalis predominated only in years with low temperatures in July and August.Average brown footrot infection in the field was 4% tillers in May and 5% culms in July. Brown footrot intensity in July was high in cropping seasons with high precipitation in October and with low temperatures in October, November and December. In July during the early eighties, an average of 8% of leaves and 6% of flag leaf sheaths were infected byM. nivalis. Average ear blight incidence was 1.2% glumes infected. Seed contamination by these pathogens averaged 16% in the years 1962–1986. The contamination was high in years with high precipitation in June, July and August. Aspects of cv. resistance and yield loss are illustrated. 相似文献