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1.
This paper reports the variation in five blood proteins from five populations of sheep found in Kenya. Blood samples were collected from a total of 309 adult sheep of both sexes in Kwale, Makueni and Kakamega districts for the fat-tailed sheep and in Isiolo district for the fat-rumped hair sheep. Fine-wooled Merino sheep were used in this study as the reference population. Transferrin, esterase-A and esterase-C were polymorphic in all the populations investigated, while albumin was monomorphic for the S allele in the fat-tailed sheep and haemoglobin was fixed for the B allele in the Kwale, Makueni and Isiolo populations. Phylogenies derived from the pairwise genetic distance estimates showed a clear separation between the indigenous sheep populations and the exotic Merino. However, the topology of the former showed rather poor consistency with their morphological classification based on the localization of their fat deposits, namely fat-tailed or fat-rumped hair sheep. 相似文献
2.
The objective of this study was to investigate association between GDF9 and BMP15 gene polymorphism and litter size in fat-tailed
sheep, a total of 97 mature ewes from four breeds (Afshari=19; Baluchi=18; Makui=30 and Mehraban=30) were genotyped for the
BMP15 HinfI and GDF9 HhaI polymorphisms by PCR-RFLP technique. The highest and lowest mutant allele frequencies were found
in Makui (0.27) and Afshari (0.10) sheep for the BMP15 gene and in Afshari (0.24) and Mehraban (0.18) sheep for the GDF9 gene,
respectively. Litter size was significantly influenced by genotype of the ewe for two genes (P < 0.01). Heterozygous genotypes for both loci showed higher litter size than homozygous genotypes (P < 0.01). None of the individuals carried homozygous genotype for both of the GDF9 and BMP15 variants in these breeds. The
individuals carrying the mutant allele for one of the investigated candidate gene still showed fertile phenotype. Thus, existence
of homozygosity at one of the BMP15 and GDF9 variant is not probably able to block normal hormonal pathway of reproduction
in fat-tailed sheep. 相似文献
3.
This paper discusses the historical development of fat-tailed sheep in Indonesia, the dynamics of production systems, production
and reproduction performances under farmers’ conditions, and roles of sheep in livelihoods. In the eighteenth and nineteenth
century, fat-tailed sheep from southwest Asia and Africander sheep from South Africa were introduced. Crossing of fat-tailed
sheep with the local thin-tailed sheep produced the Javanese fat-tailed sheep. Main motives for the gradual change-over to
fat-tailed sheep have been their potential larger body size and the preference of consumers for their meat. Management systems
are changing in response to the intensification of land use. The reproductive performances of fat-tailed sheep are good. Households
keep four to six animals, housed close to the family quarters. This results in very high levels of faecal bacteria contamination
of drinking water sources. Sheep provide a small income, manure, security and help to accumulate capital. Sheep also play
a key role in religious festivities. Farmers hardly profit from the increased demand for the feast of sacrifice; animals are
sold mainly when the owners have urgent cash needs. Systematic sheep fattening can contribute to higher economic results,
if sufficient family labour and crop residues are available. 相似文献
4.
R Brooks 《The Veterinary record》1990,127(24):592-596
A random sample survey using personal interviews was conducted in Zimbabwe in 1986 to determine the size and structure of the national dog population and its level of rabies vaccination. There was an average of 0.91 dogs per household in Zimbabwe giving an extrapolated total population of 1,308,577 dogs. There was a dog to people ratio of 1:6.5 and an average of 3.4 dogs per square kilometre. The ratio of adult male to female dogs was 0.56:0.44, with 20 per cent of the dog population being less than three months old. In the period 1950 to 1986 there was a 4.7 per cent per annum growth rate of the dog population. In one of the provinces, Manicaland, dogs were found to have an average age of 2.3 years and a life expectancy at birth of 4.6 years. An estimated 40 per cent of the dog population three months old and above had been vaccinated against rabies in 1985/1986. With the rabies incidence in Zimbabwe still unacceptably high this level of vaccination is clearly inadequate and measures designed to increase it are discussed. 相似文献
5.
A crossbreeding experiment was carried out to determine the sire breed effects on fattening performance of fat-tailed lambs.
Rams from four Iranian fat-tailed sheep breeds, namely Kurdi (K), Afshari (A), Chaal (C) and Sanjabi (S) were mated to Kurdi
ewes producing 454 progeny of four genotype groups (KK, AK, CK and SK). A total of 80 lambs comprising ten female and ten
male lambs from each genotype group were used in a fattening experiment during a period of 88 days. Genotype of the lamb had
significant effect on average dry matter intake (ADMI) (P < 0.05). SK lambs had the lowest ADMI. Average daily gain (ADG) and food conversion ratio (FCR) were not influenced by genotype
of the lamb. Sex of the lamb had significant effect on both ADG and FCR (P < 0.01). Slaughter weight (SLW), hot carcass weight (HCW), cold carcass weight (CCW) and daily carcass gain (DCG) were not
affected by lamb's genotype. However, genotype had significant effect on dressing percentage, carcass loss percentage (P < 0.01), carcass length (CL), leg circumference (LC), carcass compactness (CC) (P < 0.01) and carcass density (CD) (P < 0.05). Carcass width (CW) and leg length (LL) were not affected by lamb's genotype. Sex of the lamb had significant effects
on CL, CW, LC, CC, CD (P < 0.01) and LL (P < 0.05). The results indicated the existence of sire breed difference for daily dry matter intake and carcass conformation
in the fat-tailed sheep. 相似文献
6.
Endemic animal diseases such as tsetse-transmitted trypanosomosis are a constant drain on the financial resources of African livestock keepers and on the productivity of their livestock. Knowing where the potential benefits of removing animal trypanosomosis are distributed geographically would provide crucial evidence for prioritising and targeting cost-effective interventions as well as a powerful tool for advocacy. To this end, a study was conducted on six tsetse-infested countries in Eastern Africa: Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan and Uganda. First, a map of cattle production systems was generated, with particular attention to the presence of draught and dairy animals. Second, herd models for each production system were developed for two scenarios: with or without trypanosomosis. The herd models were based on publications and reports on cattle productivity (fertility, mortality, yields, sales), from which the income from, and growth of cattle populations were estimated over a twenty-year period. Third, a step-wise spatial expansion model was used to estimate how cattle populations might migrate to new areas when maximum stocking rates are exceeded. Last, differences in income between the two scenarios were mapped, thus providing a measure of the maximum benefits that could be obtained from intervening against tsetse and trypanosomosis. For this information to be readily mappable, benefits were calculated per bovine and converted to US$ per square kilometre. Results indicate that the potential benefits from dealing with trypanosomosis in Eastern Africa are both very high and geographically highly variable. The estimated total maximum benefit to livestock keepers for the whole of the study area amounts to nearly US$ 2.5 billion, discounted at 10% over twenty years – an average of approximately US$ 3300 per square kilometre of tsetse-infested area – but with great regional variation from less than US$ 500 per square kilometre to well over US$ 10,000. The greatest potential benefits accrue to Ethiopia, because of its very high livestock densities and the importance of animal traction, but also to parts of Kenya and Uganda. In general, the highest benefit levels occur on the fringes of the tsetse infestations. The implications of the models’ assumptions and generalisations are discussed. 相似文献
7.
M Szanyiová K Bod'a N V Bazanova K T Tasenov R S Karinbaev L Leng E K Makasev 《Veterinární medicína》1985,30(2):83-90
Urea excretion was studied in an experiment with two sheep breeds (steppe fat-tailed and merino) on the second day of fasting when the urea concentration in blood increases in fasting animals. The control group in the two breeds was given free-choice feed and water while fasting sheep were given ad libitum only water. Diuresis in both breeds was steady during the experiment. Glomerular filtration rate was not found to vary, in comparison with the control, although the plasma urea concentration rose in fat-tailed sheep (P less than 0.01) as well as in the sheep of merino breed (P less than 0.001). Fractional excretion of urea decreased in fat-tailed sheep (P less than 0.05) and also in the sheep of merino breed (P less than 0.02) while total output of urea remained steady in fat-tailed sheep but it increased in merino sheep (P less than 0.02). Tubular reabsorption of urea on the second day of fasting was observed to be higher by 65% in merino sheep (P less than 0.001), but in steppe fat-tailed sheep the increase was much higher--by up to 180% (P less than 0.001), in comparison with the control. It was demonstrated by the results that the increased tubular reabsorption of urea contributes to the rise of plasma urea concentration in sheep on the second day of fasting. 相似文献
8.
Merle R Busse M Rechter G Meer U 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2012,125(1-2):52-59
In order to simplify the design of representative studies in animal populations the structural differences of animal husbandry (cattle, pigs and laying hens) in Germany were characterised. Several regions were defined and thus districts identified which are typical for the respective region and can be regarded as representatives for the whole region. Data on animal husbandry as well as human population per district originated from the Federal Statistical Office and were linked to the geometric data of the Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy. By this, data of "livestock units/square kilometre area" and "farms/square kilometre area" per district were calculated using methods of the spatial statistics Global Moran's Index, Anselin Local Moran's Index and Getis-Ord Gi*. With the help of these analyses six clusters could be identified which resulted in four large (Middle, Northwest, East, and South) and one smaller region (Northern Upper-Rhine) respecting the federal state borders. These regions differed significantly regarding animal and farm densities. The selection of typical districts was carried out with the help of the respective animal and farm data of the species pigs, dairy cattle and laying hens. The means of the selected districts (three to six per region) were within the 60%- and the 80%-percentile of at least two of the analysed variables. Concerning the region Northern Upper-Rhine no representative district was selected. This presented regionalisation including representative districts can be used for the design of scientific studies that are associated with animal husbandry in Germany. 相似文献
9.
Stevenson MA Wilesmith JW Ryan JB Morris RS Lawson AB Pfeiffer DU Lin D 《The Veterinary record》2000,147(14):379-384
This was a spatial analysis of the epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in Great Britain, based on agricultural census data collected between 1986 and 1996 and BSE case data collected up to June 1997. Kernel smoothing techniques were used to plot the distribution of BSE-positive cattle holdings per 100 holdings per square kilometre and the distribution of confirmed BSE cases per 100 head of cattle per square kilometre. In the early stages of the epidemic reported BSE cases were scattered widely throughout Great Britain, with no clearly identifiable focus. By June 1997, a statistically significant cluster of BSE-positive holdings was identifiable in the eastern part of the South west region of England. During the epidemic the highest densities of confirmed BSE cases per 100 cattle per square kilometre occurred in the greater part of the South west region of England and within Dyfed in the south west of Wales. In Wales, a small number of holdings experienced large numbers of confirmed BSE cases. In the South west region of England a large number of holdings experienced small numbers of confirmed cases. By June 1997, the distribution of BSE-positive holdings across Great Britain was largely determined by factors that influenced the amount of recycled infectious material they were exposed to. 相似文献
10.
Onaga T 《Veterinary research communications》2007,31(8):1021-1036
The effects of intravenous infusion of proglumide on regular ruminal contractions were examined in conscious sheep using doses
that inhibit pancreatic exocrine secretion. After a control period of 20 min, proglumide was infused intravenously for 40
min at a dose of 15, 30 or 60 μmol/kg per min and venous blood was collected. The intravenous infusion of proglumide significantly
increased the frequency of ruminal contractions at 15 μmol/kg per min without altering the amplitude, while it significantly
decreased the frequency and amplitude of ruminal contractions at 30 and 60 μmol/kg per min in a dose-dependent manner. Proglumide
did not increase contractile activity of the omasum, abomasum and duodenum or the plasma concentration of immunoreactive cholecystokinin
(CCK). Application of proglumide at 1–30 mmol/L inhibited bethanechol-induced contraction in both longitudinal and circular
muscle strips of the dorsal sac of the rumen. These results suggest that proglumide at a low dose acts indirectly on the rumen
as a CCK receptor antagonist to increase the frequency of contractions, whereas at higher doses it inhibits cholinergic-induced
contraction of the ruminal muscles or acts as an agonist to inhibit contractions in sheep. Hence, proglumide at high doses
seems unsuitable for research or therapeutic use as a CCK receptor blockade in sheep. 相似文献
11.
Abubakar M Rajput ZI Arshed MJ Sarwar G Ali Q 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(4):745-747
An outbreak resulting in mortality in Sindh Ibex (Capra aegagrus blythi) was investigated. There was a history of about 36 deaths (both young and adult) during the period of 1 month. Disease appeared
in a generalized form, affecting the respiratory and digestive systems. Major lesions were respiratory distress, pustules
on and in the mouth, ocular–nasal discharges, and severe diarrhea. The most significant lesion was the oculonasal discharges
and diarrhea. Deaths were mainly due to blindness, anorexia, diarrhea, and respiratory arrest. Both adult (mortality = 21)
and young (mortality = 15) animals were affected with the disease. Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) antigen was detected
in the spleen, lung, lymph node, and swab samples by immunocapture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Spleen and lung samples
were also tested and found positive for the presence of F-gene of PPRV by polymerase chain reaction. Thirteen of 20 serum
samples from nearby sheep and goats were found positive for antibodies to PPRV. The disease threatened the huge population
of ibex in the wild life park, which was spread over a large area, but vaccination of the domestic population of sheep and
goats in the surrounding villages appeared to control the disease. 相似文献
12.
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the brain, renal, and hepatic effects of three NSAIDs (flunixin meglumine, ketoprofen, and phenylbutazone) when administered IV to clinically normal Iranian fat-tailed sheep. 相似文献13.
In order to assess and identify the determinants of sheep price and price variation across time, a time series data were collected
from four selected markets in North Shewa, Northeastern Ethiopia on weekly market day basis for a period of 2 years. Data
on animal characteristics and purpose of buying were collected on a weekly basis from randomly selected 15–25 animals, and
a total of 7,976 transactions were recorded. A general linear model technique was used to identify factors influencing sheep
price, and the results showed that sheep price (liveweight sheep price per kilogram taken as a dependent variable) is affected
by animal characteristics such as weight, sex, age, condition, season, and color. Most of the markets’ purpose for which the
animal was purchased did not affect significantly the price per kilogram. This may be due to the similarity of the markets
in terms of buyer’s purpose. The results suggest that there will be benefit from coordinated fattening, breeding, and marketing
programs to take the highest advantage from the preferred animals’ characteristics and selected festival markets. Finally,
the study recommends for a coordinated action to enhance the benefit generated for all participant actors in the sheep value
chain through raising sheep productivity, improving the capacity of sheep producers and agribusiness entrepreneurs to access
and use latest knowledge and technologies; and strengthening linkages among actors in the sheep value chain. 相似文献
14.
试验旨在对豫西脂尾羊诱导细胞凋亡DNA片段化因子45样效应因子A （cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor 45-like effectors A，CIDEa）基因进行克隆及生物信息学分析，并检测其在豫西脂尾羊不同组织中的表达。以豫西脂尾羊脂肪组织RNA为模板，采用RT-PCR方法扩增并克隆豫西脂尾羊CIDEa基因完整CDS区序列，对测序结果进行了相关生物信息学分析，并对CIDEa基因在豫西脂尾羊心脏、肝脏、肺脏、脾脏、肾脏、瘤胃、小肠、背最长肌、皮下和内脏脂肪组织中的表达进行了分析。结果显示，豫西脂尾羊CIDEa基因CDS区序列长660 bp，编码219个氨基酸；豫西脂尾羊与绵羊、水牛、黄牛、藏羚羊、猪和人的CIDEa基因同源性分别为99.1%、96.8%、96.2%、98.8%、85.0%和79.4%。蛋白理化性质分析表明，CIDEa蛋白分子质量为24.38 ku，理论等电点（pI）为9.12，属于碱性蛋白。跨膜结构和信号肽预测分析表明，CIDEa蛋白不含跨膜结构和信号肽。亚细胞定位分析表明，豫西脂尾羊CIDEa蛋白分布在细胞质（47.8%）、线粒体（26.1%）、细胞核（17.4%）、液泡（4.3%）和内质网（4.3%）。蛋白质三级结构预测发现，CIDEa蛋白结构具有2个α-螺旋、4个β-折叠及一些无规则卷曲。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明，CIDEa基因在豫西脂尾羊脂肪组织（皮下和内脏脂肪组织）中表达量较高，其他组织中表达量从高到低依次为小肠、肝脏、脾脏、瘤胃、心脏、肾脏、肺脏、背最长肌。这些结果可为进一步研究CIDEa基因在肉羊脂质代谢中的功能及羊肉品质调控提供基础资料。 相似文献
15.
Crump Lisa Mauti Stephanie Traoré Abdallah Shaw Alexandra Hattendorf Jan Zinsstag Jakob 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(1):7-16
Urban livestock keeping is increasing in many sub-Saharan African cities, but detailed contextual information on its extent, challenges, and potential is limited. A cross-sectional household study was done in 2010 in Bamako, Mali. Thirty-two of 67 quarters were randomly selected with selection probability proportional to the size of the human population of the communes. Questionnaire interviews were done with a head of household in 1141 households, comprising 19,816 people in total. Sheep were kept by 16% (95% CI 14–18), while 21% (95% CI 17–24) kept poultry. The sheep to human ratio was 4:100, with an extrapolated city-wide population of 67,636 sheep (95% CI 61,018–75,595). The poultry to human ratio was 11:100, with an extrapolated city-wide population of 191,802 chickens (95% CI 176,212–208,772). For urban livestock holders, household-level enterprise gross margins were calculated for sheep production at USD 103 and poultry production at USD 50 annually. The annual gross margin was estimated at USD 35 per sheep and USD 17 per chicken. Based on these figures, the city-wide urban livestock total gross margin for Bamako in 2010 was estimated at USD 5.6 million. Detailed population data help clarify the urban livestock animal human interface in diverse contexts and highlight the important contributions that urban small-holder production adds to food security and resilience. The potential for urban livestock production informs decision-makers in developing adapted, sustainable policies in resource-constrained environments.
相似文献16.
为了分析微卫星标记ILSTS011的遗传多态性,研究以河南省地方绵羊品种大尾寒羊、小尾寒羊和豫西脂尾羊为研究对象,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术分离微卫星标记的带型.结果表明:在3个绵羊品种中均检测到微卫星标记ILSTS011有3个等位基因,微卫星标记ILSTS011的平均杂合度为0.614 1,平均有效等位基因数为2.614 0,平均多态信息含量为0.551 3.说明ILSTS011为高度多态基因座,可作为有效的遗传标记用于大尾寒羊、小尾寒羊和豫西脂尾羊的遗传多样性分析. 相似文献
17.
Barbarine sheep is the dominant breed in Tunisia. This fat-tailed breed present in all production systems is characterised
by metabolic and digestive adaptation to the contrasting environment conditions prevailing in the country (heat stress, water
deprivation, salinity etc.). The fat tail (1.5 to 7 kg) is an energy reservoir that is used in periods of feed scarcity. Moreover,
the rumen of this breed harbours a microflora enabling it to valorize low-quality roughages and native range vegetation. Barbarine
sheep could make benefit from a wide range of local feed resources like fodder shrubs (e.g. cactus and oldman saltbushes),
tannin-containing shrubs (e.g. Acacia cyanophylla) and agro-industrial by-products (e.g. olive cake, bran etc. conserved in the form of feed blocks or pellets). It has a very
shallow anoestrous, the intensity of which is dependant upon nutrition conditions rather than day length as temperate breeds.
Productive and reproductive performances of late pregnant–early suckling, pre-mating ewes and also rams of this breed are
not affected when some alternative feed resources replace common feedstuffs which are expensive and cannot afford regularly
to smallholders. In brief, the merits of the Barbarine sheep in the production systems and other main adaptive mechanisms
of this breed are discussed in this paper. The prospective of Barbarine sheep husbandry in the system dynamics, climate change
and the evolution of the socioeconomic context are also envisaged. 相似文献
18.
Lundie RS 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(7):1245-1265
Fat-tailed sheep come in various colours—most are either brown (tan) or black. In some, most of the body is white with the
tan or black colour restricted to the front portion of the body or to just around the eyes, muzzle and parts of the legs.
The Karakul breed is important for the production of lamb skins of various colours for the fashion industry. As well as the
black and tan colours there are Karakuls bred for grey or roan shades, a white colour or one of the numerous Sur shades. In
the Sur shades, the base of the birthcoat fibre is one of a number of dark shades and the tip a lighter or white shade. All
these colours and many others are the result of the interaction of various genes that determine the specifics of the coat
colour of the sheep. A number of sets of nomenclature and symbols have been used to represent the various loci and their alleles
that are involved. In the 1980s and 1990s, a standardised set, based closely on those of the mouse and other species was developed.
Using this as the framework, the alleles of the Extension, Agouti, Brown, Spotting, Pigmented Head and Roan loci are described using fat-tailed sheep (mainly Damara, Karakul and Persian) as examples. Further discussion includes other
types of “white markings,” the Ticking locus and the Sur loci. 相似文献
19.
Effect of breed-type on carcass weight and composition in sheep 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E S Gaili 《Tropical animal health and production》1979,11(4):191-198
The relative rate of increase in the carcass and its tissues with increasing empty body weight (EBW) or carcass weight respectively, was studied in male sheep from the Dorset Horn (29), Hampshire (21) and Sudan Desert sheep (31). The rate at which the carcass, muscle and bone increased in weight was the same in all breeds but the Desert sheep deposited fat at a slower rate than the other 2 breeds. At an equally adjusted EBW the Desert sheep had lighter carcasses than the Dorset Horn or Hampshire sheep. Desert sheep had more bone than the other 2 breeds at an equally adjusted cold carcass weight or muscle plus bone weight. At an equally adjusted total carcass fat weight the Desert sheep had significant (P < 0.01) more intermuscular and internal fat but less subcutaneous fat than the other 2 breeds. Future improvement plans of the Desert sheep may be directed towards reducing bone and increasing muscle content of the carcass. 相似文献
20.
Amanda Carson Matt Elliott Julian Groom Agnes Winter Dianna Bowles 《Livestock Science》2009,123(2-3):288-299
This study addresses the potential risk to the genetic resources of UK sheep breeds from endemism. Twelve native breeds are analysed that exist in significant numbers and continue to be commercially farmed livestock. The breeds were selected to represent regions of the British Isles: North of England hill breeds (Herdwick, Rough Fell, Lonk, Dalesbred), South of England breeds (Southdown, Romney, Devon Closewool, Exmoor Horn), Scottish breed (South Country Cheviot) and Welsh/Welsh border breeds (Welsh Hill Speckled Face, South Wales Mountain (Nelson), Clun Forest).For each breed, numerical data were collected in collaboration with breed society members and analysed in terms of population size and structure together with the extent of their geographical range. The number of flocks per breed proved to be highly variable, questioning the assumption that has been made that the number of breeding units can be disregarded in the calculations of endangerment. The data also indicated that an average flock size for a breed cannot be estimated to gain an insight of the population structure, since this parameter was found to vary considerably within and between breeds. The endemism was best illustrated in the breed maps which clearly highlighted the degree to which each breed was associated with a distinct geographical area. From the maps, ten of the twelve breeds analysed were concentrated, but the flocks of two breeds were visually more dispersed. In numerical terms, the ten breeds were found to have up to 95% of their breed numbers concentrated within a radius of 65 km from the mean centre of each breed.The study provides a valuable foundation for future research into genetic diversity within and between the sheep breeds analysed, a baseline of information to enable population trends to be examined and a robust evidence-base for policy decisions on Farm Animal Genetic Resources (FAnGR). 相似文献