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1.
新疆额尔齐斯河流域气温日较差变化特征及影响因子分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用新疆额尔齐斯河流域5个国家气象地面基准站1961—2013年最低、最高气温及年平均气温、降水量、风速、日照时数、相对湿度等逐日资料,通过累计距平法、滑动平均、线性回归法,对该流域DTR变化特征及空间分布进行分析,以探讨该地区气温变化的规律。结果表明:额尔齐斯河流域各地年、年代DTR总体上呈减小趋势,除阿勒泰市以外,其余各地减小趋势显著;四季DTR变化趋势不太一致,总体上呈现减小趋势;年DTR极大值和极小值均呈减小趋势。年均最高、最低气温均呈升高趋势,最低气温的快速升高和最高气温的缓慢升高是额尔齐斯河流域DTR减小的直接原因。年均DTR与热力因子中的平均气温、动力因子中的平均风速呈正相关,与热力因子中的日照时数、水分因子中的降水量、动力因子中的相对湿度呈负相关,影响流域DTR的主要因子为平均气温、降水量、平均风速,关联性最强的是平均气温,其次是降水量。影响各地DTR的主要因子有所不同。 相似文献
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利用1960-2013年气象数据,从站点尺度分析西南不同农业区（分为青藏区、西南区和华南区3个农业区）年平均气温和降水总量及其变化速率的时空特征,基于标准化线性回归系数分析纬度、海拔两个主控因素对气温、降水量变化的影响作用,重点阐释研究区气温、降水量沿海拔因素的变化特征。结果表明：1960-2013年,整个研究区呈现显著的气候暖干化趋势,在21世纪初期表现最明显。青藏区和华南区气候变暖的趋势最显著,而且高海拔青藏区气候变暖早于其它地区;研究区年降水总量呈显著下降趋势,其中西南区南部云南与贵州交界处表现最显著。标准化线性回归系数显示,海拔因素对研究区气温、降水量变化的影响作用高于纬度因素,气温、降水量的变化速率均随海拔升高而显著增加,研究区高海拔农业区属于典型的气候变化敏感区。随海拔上升,高海拔农业区下垫面潜热作用释放热量减小,气候变暖速率升高,由此导致蒸散作用增强,降水量增加,气候因子更易产生波动。 相似文献
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贺兰山西坡不同海拔梯度土壤活性有机碳分布特征及影响因子 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《水土保持学报》2014,(4)
研究了贺兰山不同海拔梯度土壤活性有机碳(SAOC)的垂直分布特征及其与气候因子、植被特征和土壤特性的关系。结果表明:SAOC随海拔增加而增加,垂直方向随土层深度的增加呈"T"形分布特征,各海拔间差异均显著(P0.05)。相关性分析表明:不同海拔梯度SAOC与土壤有机碳(SOC)、含水量、全氮、植被盖度和多样性指数呈极显著线性正相关(P0.01),与pH、土壤温度和土壤容重呈极显著线性负相关(P0.01),与年降雨量、年均气温、地上和地下生物量无线性相关性(P0.05);SAOC占总有机碳的比例变化范围在7.9%~12.0%之间,以高寒草甸(AM)所占比例最高,草原化荒漠(DS)最低。偏相关分析显示,影响0-20cm土层SAOC最主要的因子是有机碳、多样性指数、植被盖度和年降水量,影响20-40cm土层SAOC的最主要因子是年降雨量和地下生物量,影响40-60cm土层SAOC最主要的因子是植被盖度和地下生物量,影响60-80cm土层SAOC最主要的因子是pH、含水量和地下生物量。综合分析比较可知,有机碳、多样性指数、植被盖度、年降水量、地下生物量、pH和含水量可能是影响SAOC垂直分异的关键因子,而土壤有机碳、全氮、含水量、植被盖度、pH、土壤容重和温度可能是影响SAOC沿海拔梯度分异的关键因子。 相似文献
4.
通过对新疆于田县5种不同土地类型的小气候因子进行观测,探讨了不同土地类型气温、地温、相对湿度、风速、蒸发等小气候因子在特征值、逐日变化幅度、垂直变化上的差异性特征.结果表明:①沙漠、戈壁、棉花地、玉米地在气温、地温、风速、蒸发及其逐日变化幅度上依次递减,而相对湿度依次递增.②总体来看,各土地类型(下垫面)风速均随高度的增加而下降,地温则随土层深度的增加而减小,其变化幅度差异明显.除玉米地外,各下垫面越向上,气温越高,相对湿度越大.③5个下垫面的夜间蒸发量较白天迅速减少,尤以绿洲减少比例最大,达到86％.④具有过渡性质的交错带无论是因子特征值,还是垂直变化趋势、幅度均与沙漠、戈壁相似.甚至由于戈壁的海拔相对较高,交错带的特征值和变化幅度高于戈壁,而介于沙漠和棉花地之间.⑤由于自身水份与植被覆盖条件的不同,戈壁、沙漠的气温与相对湿度两因子的相关性较差,而玉米地、棉花地居中,交错带最好. 相似文献
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7.
[目的] 分析青藏高原不同海拔下表层土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC),易氧化有机碳(ROC)、碳库稳定性及碳储量变化特征研究及土壤有机碳(SOC),DOC的影响因素,为后续复杂地形寒区SOC的稳定性研究提供科学依据。[方法] 以色季拉山流石滩为研究区,以单因素方差分析法分析了4 300～4 700 m之间不同海拔土壤物理性质,DOC,ROC以及SOC的含量特征,结合Pearson相关分析与冗余分析探讨了DOC,ROC与各因子之间的相互关系。[结果] ①土壤容重、密度与海拔呈负相关,其最大值分别为1.56,1.12 g/cm3,土壤含水率和孔隙度与海拔呈正相关,其最大值分别为74.22%,58.70%; ②SOC含量随海拔升高呈现先升高后降低趋势,DOC,ROC随海拔升高而呈现出波动变化趋势; ③海拔4 400 m时DOC/SOC,ROC/SOC达到最大值,可溶性有机碳储量(DOCS)和有机碳储量(SOCS)均值分别为40.779 g/m2,8.105 kg/m2,流石滩土壤碳库稳定性较好; ④DOC与土壤物理性质不相关,但与SOCS有一定相关性;ROC则与物理性质和SOC及其相关因子均有一定的相关性;各因子对色季拉山流石滩土壤DOC和ROC变化的解释贡献率排序大小为：DOCS＞土壤孔隙度＞ROC/SOC＞土壤含水率＞SOC＞SOCS＞DOC/SOC＞土壤密度。[结论] 不同海拔流石滩表层土壤DOC,ROC与海拔有一定相关性,且DOCS、土壤孔隙度与ROC/SOC均是影响DOC,ROC含量的重要因子,同时各因子间存在密切的关系。 相似文献
8.
怀来县土地利用格局的影响因子分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
河北省怀来县作为北京首都及北方重要的生态屏障,其土地利用格局不仅与县域土地资源利用有直接关系,也对周边土地生态的可持续发展有一定影响。土地利用变化研究中驱动机制是重点,揭示这种机制的关键是能否正确认识土地利用景观格局和影响因子之间的关系。本文以怀来县为研究区,在遥感技术的支持下,解译了1994年、2004年和2014年的土地利用数据,并从社会经济因素和自然因素中选取平均高程、地形起伏度、年均降水量、温度季节性、距道路距离、距城镇中心距离、GDP密度和人口聚集度共8个因子,结合景观格局梯度分析和CCA分析方法,对土地利用景观格局和影响因子之间的关系进行研究。得出结论:2014年怀来县土地利用景观的蔓延度指数、散布并列指数、香浓多样性等存在明显的空间差异,均在东西方向及南北方向表现出一定的梯度特征;东西轴线和南北轴线方向上,蔓延度指数呈两端高中间低的趋势,而散布并列指数、香浓多样性、香浓均匀度则与之相反。平均高程和人口聚集度对研究区土地利用景观类型的分布影响较大,GDP密度的影响较小;1994年、2004年和2014年4个排序轴上累积土地利用类型数据与影响因子的解释量依次为99.1%、99.3%以及99.3%,特征值总量分别为0.780、0.720和0.853,从解释量数值上看2014年的特征值明显高于前两个时期,其在描述土地利用类型与影响因子关系上体现出优越性;影响因子中的地形起伏度、温度季节性、年均降水量、距道路距离和距城镇距离与研究区土地利用景观类型分布的相关性较大,相关性系数相对较高;随着研究时间的推移,地形起伏度相关性逐渐减小,其他4种影响因子的相关性逐渐增大。通过此项研究,揭示了怀来县土地利用变化的原因,并为土地利用的可持续发展提供了理论依据。 相似文献
9.
鄂尔多斯植被的NDVI 3g动态及气候响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
[目的]研究鄂尔多斯地区生态格局以及在全球变化下的自然演变规律,揭示中国西部矿区人工扰动生态环境的时空变化。[方法]利用1982—2012年GIMMS NDVI 3g数据集和年均气温、降水量等气象数据,分别进行最大值合成、反距离加权法插值、线性回归与变化率分析、相关性分析等处理,揭示植被覆盖的时空变化趋势下蕴含的植物生理学机理,及其对气温和降水变化趋势的响应特征。[结果]鄂尔多斯地区植被返青期(start of season,SOS)始于4月下旬,枯黄期(end of season,EOS)结束于11月上旬,植被生长期(duration of season,DOS)NDVI初始阈值为0.12,平均生长期为198d;31a间鄂尔多斯地区植被绿度变化率(slope)为0.0023,植被变化趋势逐像元回归分析表明研究区80.8%的植被有轻微改善;31a间鄂尔多斯地区NDVI变化与年均气温和降水量的相关性分别为0.054和0.400。[结论]31a间鄂尔多斯地区植被返青期有提前趋势,枯黄期有滞后趋势,生长期有延长趋势;研究区大部分区域植被均有轻微改善;年均气温与降水量均呈现升高趋势,NDVI变化受温度和降水的共同作用,且NDVI最大值增高与年均降水量增加相关性较高,与年均气温升高相关性较低。 相似文献
10.
为了探明湖北省植被NPP空间分布特征及其驱动机制,利用MOD17A3H NPP时序数据、土地覆盖类型产品MCD12Q1、气象数据和SRTM DEM地形数据等,采用线性趋势分析、相关系数等方法,分析了2004-2015年湖北省植被NPP时空分布特征,探讨了不同土地利用类型、不同地形条件下植被NPP分布及对气候因素的响应特征。结果显示:（1）12年间,湖北省植被NPP总体呈上升趋势;植被NPP的空间分布大体呈东、西部山区高,中部略低的格局,全省植被NPP值大部介于400~600 g C/（m2·a）;（2）全省植被NPP与年均气温呈现正相关性的面积占全省总面积的79.28%,与年降水量呈现正相关性的面积占全省总面积的59.07%;（3）气温是影响林地、草地植被NPP变化的主要驱动因子,耕地主要受降水量影响;（4）植被NPP与年均气温和年降水量的相关性随高程、坡度、坡向的不同表现出差异性,植被NPP变化是气温、降水和地形条件综合作用的结果。 相似文献
11.
气候和土壤质地对中国东北地区旱地土壤有机碳影响的尺度效应 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
WANG Dan-Dan SHI Xue-Zheng WANG Hong-Jie D. C. WEINDORF YU Dong-Sheng SUN Wei-Xi REN Hong-Yan ZHAO Yong-Cun 《土壤圈》2010,20(4):525-535
Understanding how spatial scale inffuences commonly-observed effiects of climate and soil texture on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage is important for accurately estimating the SOC pool at different scales. The relationships among climate factors, soil texture and SOC density at the regional, provincial, city, and county scales were evaluated at both the soil surface (0-20 cm) and throughout the soil profile (0-100 cm) in the Northeast China uplands. We examined 1022 profiles obtained from the Second National Soil Survey of China. The results indicated that the relationships between climate factors and SOC density generally weakened with decreasing spatial scale. The provincial scale was optimal to assess the relationship between climate factors and SOC density because regional differences among provinces were covered up at the regional scale. However, the relationship between soil texture and SOC density had no obvious trend with increasing scale and changed with temperature. There were great differences in the impacts of climate factors and soil texture on SOC density at different scales. Climate factors had a larger effect on SOC density than soil texture at the regional scale. Similar trends were seen in Heilongjiang and eastern Inner Mongolia at the provincial scale. But, soil texture had a greater effect on SOC density compared with climate factors in Jilin and Liaoning. At the city and county scales, the inffuence of soil texture on SOC density was more important than climate factors. 相似文献
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《国际水土保持研究(英文)》2021,9(4):620-630
The stock and stability of soil organic carbon (SOC) are critical to soil functions and global carbon cycle, but little quantitative information is available on the precise location and chemical components of SOC for soils across a wide range of climatic gradients. Here, a broad range of zonal soils were collected in forest land at topsoil (0–15 cm) and subsoil (15–30 cm) from temperate to tropical climatic gradient in central to south China. The stock and stability of SOC were determined in terms of aggregate and humic fractionation. SOC in bulk soils with a less significant geographic variation was comparably higher at Haplic Luvisoils in temperate regions (3637.61 g m−2) and Rhodi-Humic Ferrosols in tropical regions (3446.12 g m−2) than in the other experimental soils, but a consistent decreasing trend was observed along the soil profiles with the SOC stock was 1.11–1.97 times higher in the topsoil than in the subsoils. In addition, insoluble humin residue (HMr) as the dominant components of SOC ranged from 643.95 to 2696.90 g m−2 and decreased from temperate to tropical regions, which was consistent with the zonal variation of humic acids (HAs), but contrary to the zonal variation of fulvic acids (FAs) that fluctuated in a range of 39.67–389.55 g m−2 across the experimental sites. According to the results of partial correlation analysis, the variation of FAs stock was significantly attributed to soil pH, bulk density, iron and aluminum oxides, clay, and clay mineral content (|r|>0.61, p < 0.05), while these soil physical properties showed a contradictory effects on HAs, iron-linked humin (HMi), clay-combined humin (HMc), and HMr. Moreover, the aggregate-associated carbon stock was mainly stored in macroaggregates (36.34–76.09%) for both SOC and its chemical components, especially in topsoils, and its zonal variation was associated with that of bulk soils. In general, the redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that mean annual precipitation (MAP) accounted for 81.8% and 13.8% of the variance in SOC chemical and physical fractionation, respectively, while the corresponding contribution of mean annual temperature (MAT) was 1.5% and 34.7%. With the increase of MAT and MAP, the chemical stability of SOC decreased in the molecular structure, and the physical protection of SOC by aggregate exhibited a unimodal trend. The obtained results would facilitate the development of regional soil carbon prediction and land management against global warming. 相似文献
13.
Nie Xiuqing Peng Yunfeng Li Fan Yang Lucun Xiong Feng Li Changbin Zhou Guoying 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2019,19(1):322-331
Purpose
Although large amounts of soil organic carbon (SOC) stored in the shrublands, information about SOC storage was little on the Tibetan Plateau. This study aims to evaluate the spatial patterns and storage of SOC in the shrublands and the relationships of climatic variables and soil pH on the Tibetan Plateau.
Materials and methodsWe used 177 profiles of soil samples obtained from 59 shrubland sites on the northeast Tibetan Plateau from 2011 to 2013. Ordinary least squares regressions, curve estimation, and multiple linear regressions were used to evaluate controlling factors on SOC stock. Kriging interpolation was used to upscale sit-level measurements to the whole study area.
Results and discussionWe found that SOC storage in the northeast Tibetan shrublands was 1.36 Pg C in the top 1 m with an average SOC stock of 12.38 kg m?2. SOC stock decreased from east to west and south to north but generally increased significantly with the mean annual temperature (MAT) and the mean annual precipitation (MAP), and tended to decrease with soil pH. Although similar relationships were also observed in alpine shrublands, the trends among SOC stock, MAP, and MAT were not observed in desert shrublands. Our results indicate that a reduction in soil pH accelerates the C sequestration potential. Furthermore, global warming contributed to C sequestration in alpine shrublands, specifically, SOC stock increased 8.44 kg m?2 with an increased unit of MAT in alpine shrublands just considering temperature effects. Meanwhile, the C sequestration was different among different regions due to the uneven increases in precipitation. However, in desert shrublands, MAP and MAT did not significantly affect SOC stock.
ConclusionsThe results indicate that though a reduction in soil pH could contribute to C sequestration, MAT and MAP have different effects on SOC stock in different Tibetan Plateau shrublands. Increased MAT and MAP were 0.05 °C and 1.67 mm every year on the Tibetan Plateau, which will increase C sequestration in alpine shrublands, but might have limited impacts on desert shrublands, which help us comprehend soil C cycling in the global climate change scenario.
相似文献14.
藏东南色季拉山西坡不同植被土壤有机碳垂直分布特征及其影响因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
15.
WANG Mei-Yan SHI Xue-Zheng YU Dong-Sheng XU Sheng-Xiang TAN Man-Zhi SUN Wei-Xi ZHAO Yong-Cun 《土壤圈》2013,23(6):799-807
The agricultural soil carbon pool plays an important role in mitigating greenhouse gas emission ana unaerstanamg the son orgamc carbon-climate-soil texture relationship is of great significance for estimating cropland soil carbon pool responses to climate change. Using data from 900 soil profiles, obtained from the Second National Soil Survey of China, we investigated the soil organic carbon （SOC） depth distribution in relation to climate and soil texture under various climate regimes of the cold northeast region （NER） and the warmer Huang-Huai-Hai region （HHHR） of China. The results demonstrated that the SOC content was higher in NER than in HHHR. For both regions, the SOC content at all soil depths had significant negative relationships with mean annual temperature （MAT）, but was related to mean annual precipitation （MAP） just at the surface 0-20 cm. The climate effect on SOC content was more pronounced in NER than in HHHR. Regional differences in the effect of soil texture on SOC content were not found. However, the dominant texture factors were different. The effect of sand content on SOC was more pronounced than that of clay content in NER. Conversely, the effect of clay on SOC was more pronounced than sand in HHHR. Climate and soil texture jointly explained the greatest SOC variability of 49.0% （0-20 cm） and 33.5% （20-30 cm） in NER and HHHR, respectively. Moreover, regional differences occurred in the importance of climate vs. soil texture in explaining SOC variability. In NER, the SOC content of the shallow layers （0-30 cm） was mainly determined by climate factor, specifically MAT, but the SOC content of the deeper soil layers （30-100 cm） was more affected by texture factor, specifically sand content. In HHHR, all the SOC variability in all soil layers was predominantly best explained by clay content. Therefore, when temperature was colder, the climate effect became stronger and this trend was restricted by soil depth. The regional differences and soil depth influence underscored the importance of explicitly considering them in modeling long-term soil responses to climate change and predicting potential soil carbon sequestration. 相似文献
16.
Weixia Sun Yongcun Zhao Biao Huang Xuezheng Shi Jeremy Landon Darilek Jinsong Yang Zhigang Wang Beier Zhang 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2012,175(5):671-680
An extensive knowledge of how sampling density affects soil organic C (SOC) estimation at regional scale is imperative to reduce uncertainty to a meaningful confidence level and aid in the development of sampling schemes that are both rational and economical. Using kriging prediction, this paper examined the effect of sampling density on regional SOC‐concentration estimations in cultivated topsoils at six scales in a 990 km2 area of Yucheng County, a typical region in the N China Plain. Except the original data set (n = 394), five other sampling densities were recalculated using grids of 8 km × 8 km (n = 28), 8 km × 4 km (n = 44), 4 km × 4 km (n = 82), 4 km × 2 km (n = 142), and 2 km × 2 km (n = 257), respectively. Experimental SOC semivariances and kriging interpolations at six sampling density scales were calculated and modeled to estimate regional SOC variability. Accuracy of the effects of the five sampling densities on regional SOC estimations was assessed using the indices of mean error (ME) and root mean square error (RMSE) with 100 independent validation samples. By comparison with the kriged grid map derived from the 394 samples data set, the relative error (RE,%) was spatially calculated to highlight the spatial variability of prediction errors at five sampling‐density scales due to the intrinsic limitations of ME and RMSE in accuracy assessment. The results indicated that sampling density significantly affected the estimation of regional SOC concentration. Particularly when the sampling density was < 4 km × 4 km, the large spatial variation of SOC was concealed. Semivariance analysis indicated that different sampling density had significant effect on reasonable detection of the dominant factors which influenced SOC spatial variation. Greater sampling density could more exactly reveal regional SOC variation caused by human management. The prediction accuracy for regional SOC estimation increased with the increasing of sampling density. The critical areas with larger RE values should be intensified in the future sampling scheme, and the areas of lower RE values should be decreased relatively. A specific sampling scheme should be considered in accordance with the demand to the estimation accuracy of regional SOC stock at a certain confidence level. Our results will facilitate a better understanding of the effect of sampling density on regional SOC estimation for future sampling schemes by providing meaningful confidence levels. 相似文献
17.
Understanding the spatial variability of soil carbon(C) storage and its relationship with climate and soil texture is critical for developing regional C models and for predicting the potential impact of climate change on soil C storage. On the basis of soil data from a transect across the Inner Mongolian grasslands, we determined the quantitative relationships of C and nitrogen(N) in bulk soil and particle-size fractions(sand, silt, and clay) with climate and soil texture to evaluate the major factors controlling soil C and N storage and to predict the effect of climate changes on soil C and N storage. The contents of C and N in the bulk soil and the different fractions in the 0–20 and 20–40 cm soil layers were positively correlated with the mean annual precipitation(MAP) and negatively correlated with the mean annual temperature(MAT). The responses of C storage in the soil and particle-size fractions to MAP and MAT were more sensitive in the 0–20 cm than in the 20–40 cm soil layer. Although MAP and MAT were both important factors influencing soil C storage, the models that include only MAP could well explain the variation in soil C storage in the Inner Mongolian grasslands. Because of the high correlation between MAP and MAT in the region, the models including MAT did not significantly enhance the model precision. Moreover, the contribution of the fine fraction(silt and clay) to the variation in soil C storage was rather small because of the very low fine fraction content in the Inner Mongolian grasslands. 相似文献
18.
祁连山中段土壤有机碳剖面垂直分布特征及其影响因素 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以2012—2013年调查的我国西北祁连山中段97个代表性土壤剖面为对象,分析了土壤有机碳(SOC)含量的剖面垂直分布模式,计算了1 m土体内各层次SOC相对含量及其与环境因素(年均降水、年均温度、海拔、坡度、坡向、NDVI)和土壤因素(颗粒组成、体积质量)之间的关系。结果表明:(1)SOC含量剖面垂直分布模式可分为均一分布型、表层聚集型、普通递减型、不规则分布型4个类型,SOC含量剖面垂直分布模式与选取的环境因素和土壤颗粒组成之间没有明显的关系;(2)SOC含量的变异较大,随着深度的增加从中度变异过渡到强度变异;(3)NDVI和年均降水是影响表层土体SOC含量的主要因子,而黏粒和砂粒是影响下层土体SOC含量的主要因子。 相似文献
19.
Xiuqing Nie Dong Wang Lining Ren Yangong Du Guoying Zhou 《European Journal of Soil Science》2023,74(3):e13383
Alpine wetlands and meadows across the Three Rivers Source Region (TRSR) store high soil organic carbon (SOC). However, information on factors affecting SOC storage is scanty. Herein, we investigated SOC storage and explored factors affecting SOC storage, including climate, soil properties and above- and belowground biomass, using 50 soil profiles across the TRSR on the Tibetan Plateau. The SOC storage was 491.9 ± 158.5 Tg C and 545.2 ± 160.8 Tg C in the TRSR alpine wetlands and meadow, respectively. The SOC stock was positively correlated with the mean annual precipitation. However, no significant correlation between SOC stock and mean annual temperature was observed, as opposed to the global trend. In addition, SOC stock was positively correlated with both the aboveground biomass (AGB) and belowground biomass (BGB). Soil pH indirectly affected SOC stock, while SOC stock positively correlated with Al and Fe oxyhydroxides. Compared with vegetation biomass and climatic factors, soil properties, including soil pH and Al and Fe oxyhydroxides (Alo and Feo), affected not only SOC stock variation but also affected the impact of vegetation and climatic factors on SOC stock. Climate factors, AGB, BGB, soil pH, Alo and Feo jointly accounted for 59% of SOC stock variation in alpine wetlands and 64% of SOC stock variation in alpine meadow. This study suggests that soil properties are the dominant factors affecting SOC variation in alpine wetlands and meadow on the Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献