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1.
Changmin Hu Yi Ding Jianguo Chen Dongming Liu Yuxia Zhang Mingxing Ding Guibo Wang 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2009,12(3):170-175
Objective To evaluate the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on the proliferation of canine corneal epithelial cells and epithelial wound healing.
Animal studied Canine corneal epithelial cells from the corneas of euthanized dogs and corneal epithelial wounds on one eye from each of 24 dogs.
Procedures The proliferation of corneal epithelial cells in vitro was measured using the methylthiazolyl-tetrazolium (MTT) assay. A corneal wound on one eye of each dog was made with a corneal trephine (6 mm diameter). Four concentrations of bFGF, 0, 100, 500, and 1000 ng/mL, were applied to the affected eyes of dogs, t.i.d. Fluorescein staining was used to assess closure of the corneal epithelial wound.
Results The addition of bFGF resulted in a significant increase in epithelial proliferation at 24 h after culture, except 1 ng/mL bFGF. Cells with all bFGF treatments proliferated significantly at 48 and 96 h compared to those in the non-bFGF group. bFGF at a concentration of 10 ng/mL promoted cell proliferation maximally. The wound healing rate in the bFGF-treated groups was greater than that in the control. All corneal wounds in bFGF-treated corneas closed by day 7, whereas two of six corneal wounds in the control showed poor healing. None of the eyes developed corneal clouding or neovascularization during the experiment.
Conclusions Basic fibroblast growth factor accelerated the proliferation of canine epithelial cells and effectively promoted corneal epithelial wound healing. 相似文献
Animal studied Canine corneal epithelial cells from the corneas of euthanized dogs and corneal epithelial wounds on one eye from each of 24 dogs.
Procedures The proliferation of corneal epithelial cells in vitro was measured using the methylthiazolyl-tetrazolium (MTT) assay. A corneal wound on one eye of each dog was made with a corneal trephine (6 mm diameter). Four concentrations of bFGF, 0, 100, 500, and 1000 ng/mL, were applied to the affected eyes of dogs, t.i.d. Fluorescein staining was used to assess closure of the corneal epithelial wound.
Results The addition of bFGF resulted in a significant increase in epithelial proliferation at 24 h after culture, except 1 ng/mL bFGF. Cells with all bFGF treatments proliferated significantly at 48 and 96 h compared to those in the non-bFGF group. bFGF at a concentration of 10 ng/mL promoted cell proliferation maximally. The wound healing rate in the bFGF-treated groups was greater than that in the control. All corneal wounds in bFGF-treated corneas closed by day 7, whereas two of six corneal wounds in the control showed poor healing. None of the eyes developed corneal clouding or neovascularization during the experiment.
Conclusions Basic fibroblast growth factor accelerated the proliferation of canine epithelial cells and effectively promoted corneal epithelial wound healing. 相似文献
2.
Frozen lamellar corneal grafts and nictitating membrane flaps were used in 18 dogs and 12 cats to repair deep corneal defects. In all dogs either melting corneal ulcers or descemetoceles were present. In the 12 cats, nine had either a melting corneal ulcer or descemetocele, two animals had acute bullous keratopathy, and one cat had corneal sequestrum. Initial vascularization with gradual clearing of the graft occurred during the first 45 days postoperatively. At 60 days postoperatively, all eyes were visual. Frequent postoperative complications included: focal dehiscence of the wound ( n = 9); melting of part of the graft ( n = 7); and pigmentation of the graft ( n = 4). The frozen lamellar corneal graft was a very safe technique, and restored the tectonic and the optical function of the cornea. It provided the best results in corneas with nonperforating corneal defects. This technique provides poorer results when the cornea was perforated prior to surgery or during the surgical procedure. 相似文献
3.
Measurement of tear volume by phenol red thread tear test (PRT), Schirmer's tear test (STT-1) and Schirmer's tear test with topical anesthesia (STT-2), and vital staining with a combination of fluorescein and rose Bengal of the cornea were performed in dogs with normal eyes and those with epiphora. The breeds included the Shih-Tzu ( n = 26), and five other breeds ( n = 50). The PRT, STT-1 and STT-2 results from the five breeds of normal dogs were 26.9 ± 3.0 mm, 17.4 ± 4.3 mm, and 8.8 ± 3.2 mm, respectively. The PRT, STT-1, and STT-2 results for the Shih-Tzu eyes were (mean ± standard deviation): 28.2 ± 4.3 mm, 19.5 ± 4.1 mm, and 9.2 ± 4.5 mm, respectively. In the five breeds, corneal epitheliopathy, as evidenced by the retention of topical fluorescein and rose Bengal, occurred in 97% of dogs with epiphora and in 55% of the dogs without epiphora. Also in the dogs with corneal epitheliopathy the STT-2-value was low (4.0 ± 2.8 mm) compared with those eyes without corneal epitheliopathy (8.8 ± 3.1 mm). In the Shih-Tzu breed the STT-2 results were not significantly different between those dogs with corneal epitheliopathy and those with normal corneas. In the non-Shih-Tzu breeds the decrease in basic tear secretion, as measured by the STT-2, is associated with the corneal epitheliopathy. 相似文献
4.
Objective To describe the technique for implantation of a novel keratoprosthesis (KP) prototype and evaluate its application for the treatment of corneal blindness in dogs.
Animals studied Seven dogs, all of them being clinically blind before surgery as a result of severe corneal endothelial disease (5/7) or chronic superficial keratitis (2/7) that were unresponsive to prior therapy.
Procedures A silicone KP was implanted unilaterally, just anterior to Descemet's membrane, after creating a stromal pocket by deep stromal lamellar dissection.
Results Implantation of the KP was accomplished without complication in six of seven operated dogs. In the remaining case, an intra-operative complication (perforation of Descemet's membrane) was associated with extrusion of the KP 8 weeks postoperatively. All operated eyes regained limited vision after surgery. Three to six months after implantation purulent keratitis occurred in all five eyes with endothelial disease, necessitating surgical removal of the KP 6 months postoperatively in 5/7 eyes.
Conclusions This KP prototype shows promise as a treatment for certain blinding corneal diseases. However, changes in the design of this KP, allowing improved stromal integration, will be necessary before its clinical application can be approved. 相似文献
Animals studied Seven dogs, all of them being clinically blind before surgery as a result of severe corneal endothelial disease (5/7) or chronic superficial keratitis (2/7) that were unresponsive to prior therapy.
Procedures A silicone KP was implanted unilaterally, just anterior to Descemet's membrane, after creating a stromal pocket by deep stromal lamellar dissection.
Results Implantation of the KP was accomplished without complication in six of seven operated dogs. In the remaining case, an intra-operative complication (perforation of Descemet's membrane) was associated with extrusion of the KP 8 weeks postoperatively. All operated eyes regained limited vision after surgery. Three to six months after implantation purulent keratitis occurred in all five eyes with endothelial disease, necessitating surgical removal of the KP 6 months postoperatively in 5/7 eyes.
Conclusions This KP prototype shows promise as a treatment for certain blinding corneal diseases. However, changes in the design of this KP, allowing improved stromal integration, will be necessary before its clinical application can be approved. 相似文献
5.
Objective An n‐butyl‐ester cyanoacrylate adhesive available for veterinary surgery (Vetbond®, 3M) was tested in rabbits for corneal irritation. Procedures Two experimental procedures were used on 24 rabbits: injection of the adhesive into an intralamellar corneal pocket (n = 10) and application of the glue to a mid‐stromal corneal defect (n = 14). In both experiments the eyes were examined for 20 days for evidence of corneal irritation and tolerance. At the end of each experiment, histopathologic studies were performed on all corneas. Results The corneal reaction to the intrastromally injected cyanoacrylate was characterized clinically by slight edema and vascularization localized to the vicinity of the adhesive. A moderate foreign body‐type reaction was found histologically. Following application of the adhesive to a central stromal defect, the treated corneas remained totally clear and histopathologic examination showed that the healing process was not altered compared to the controls. The mean retention time of the glue patch was 14 days. Conclusions Intrastromal injection and surface application to a corneal defect of n‐butyl‐ester cyanoacrylate to a corneal defect induced only a mild inflammatory response and did not interfere with the reparative process. These findings suggest that this surgical adhesive would be acceptable for treating corneal ulcerations in animals. 相似文献
6.
Three cats with indolent corneal ulcers and one cat with bilateral corneal sequestration and normal aqueous tear production were found to have rapid tear break-up times (BUTs). Tear BUTs in clinically affected cats averaged 2.5 ± 1.29 s and 2.33 ± 0.58 s for the right and left eyes, respectively. Palpebral conjunctival biopsies were harvested from consistent sites from each eye of affected cats ( n = 7 affected eyes), and age-and breed-matched controls ( n = 2 unaffected eyes). Light microscopy revealed a marked decrease to complete absence of conjunctival goblet cells (average goblet cell (GC):epithelial cell (EC) density = 18:50), conjunctival epithelial dysplasia, squamous metaplasia, and neutrophilic and mononuclear cell submucosal infiltration in affected cats. Specimens from the control cats had an average GC:EC density of 34:50, and minimal submucosal inflammatory infiltrate. The corneas ( n = 7 eyes) healed following surgical keratectomy with ( n = 2 eyes) or without ( n = 1 eye) conjunctival pedicle flaps, superficial keratectomy and striate keratotomy with ( n = 2 eyes) or without ( n = 2 eyes) third eyelid flaps, and mucinomimetic tear supplementation ( n = 5 eyes). Goblet cell regeneration was confirmed after 5 months of mucinomimetic supplementation ( n = 2 eyes). The etiology for these mucin deficiencies remains unknown. 相似文献
7.
Flávia Biondi Peterson T. Dornbusch Manuella Sampaio Fabiano Montiani‐Ferreira 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2015,18(1):28-34
Infrared thermography was used to measure temperature differences of the corneal surface between nasal and temporal limbus regions and central cornea of normal dogs and dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), in order to establish temperature values in normal canine eyes and in patients with decreased Schirmer tear tests (STT) values. Dogs investigated were all either patients seen at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Federal University of Paraná or normal dogs that belonged to the same institution. STT were performed in all eyes. A total of 40 control eyes (STT ≥15 mm/min) and 20 eyes with low STT values (STT ≤14 mm/min) were examined. The mean STT value for eyes with normal STT values was 22.9 ± 3.9 mm/min (mean ± standard deviation), and the mean STT value for eyes with low STT value was 7.2 ± 4.8 mm/min. The mean corneal temperature was significantly lower in eyes with low STT values than in control eyes (P < 0.0001). The following significant correlations were found: (i) Schirmer and breakup time (BUT) (P = 0.0001, r = 0.5); (ii) STT values and corneal surface temperature (P = 0.001, r = 0.256); (iii) STT values and age (P = 0.0001, r = ?0.448); (iv) age and corneal surface temperature (P = 0.0001, r = ?0.281); and (v) BUT and corneal surface temperature (P = 0.0001, r = 0.36). Thermography is a method that can differentiate between eyes with normal and abnormal STT values. In the future, thermography might be incorporated as part of the ophthalmic examination and perhaps become a popular ancillary test for the diagnoses of ocular surface disorders. 相似文献
8.
Chandler MJ Moore PA Dietrich UM Martin CL Vidyashankar A Chen G 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2003,6(3):197-203
Objective To investigate the potential damage to the canine corneal endothelium following transcorneal iridal laser photocoagulation using a semiconductor diode laser. Animals studied Sixteen young mongrel dogs. Procedures Baseline corneal endothelial cell counts and corneal thickness were measured in the central and temporal quadrants using a noncontact specular microscope under general anesthesia. Transcorneal iridal photocoagulation was applied using a semiconductor diode laser in a continuous mode with the use of an operating microscope. Fifteen dogs were treated, and the sixteenth dog served as a control. Fifteen different treatment combinations were randomly assigned to the 30 eyes; the fellow eye was treated differently. Three treatment factors were investigated: (1) laser energy intensity, (2) target tissue to endothelial distance, and (3) laser application duration. After 3 weeks the dogs were euthanized, specular microscopy was repeated, and the cornea was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Results Dyscoria and focal iris darkening were noted in all eyes immediately following laser treatment. Focal corneal edema (n = 2) and an incipient anterior capsular cataract (n = 1) were also noted. Baseline mean corneal endothelial cell densities were 2530 cells/mm2 centrally and 2607 cells/mm2 temporally. Postlaser corneal endothelial cell densities were 2499 cells/mm2 centrally and 2523 cells/mm2 temporally. Mean prelaser corneal thickness measurements were 0.555 mm centrally and 0.549 mm temporally. Postlaser corneal thickness measurements were 0.580 mm centrally and 0.554 mm temporally. Statistical analyzes revealed no significant changes in endothelial cell densities (P > 0.05) or corneal thickness (P > 0.05) induced by any treatment combination. Aside from tissue handling and processing artifacts, scanning electron microscopy revealed no endothelial cell damage. Conclusions Our study demonstrated by specular and scanning electron microscopy that diode laser iridal photocoagulation had no significant effect on the canine corneal endothelium within the parameters described. However, one must take into consideration the young age of the dogs and the potential for corneal endothelial cell regeneration in young dogs, and the relatively short period of postoperative study. 相似文献
9.
K. Keven Williams Mitchell D. McCartney Rebecca L. Rice Martin B. Wax Joseph W. Hiddemen 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2008,11(5):327-334
Purpose These studies examined corneal healing rates, Type‐IV collagen and zonula occludens membrane‐associated protein (ZO‐1) expression, as well as aqueous PGE2 and IL‐1β concentrations in pigmented rabbits treated with either moxifloxacin 0.5%, gatifloxacin 0.3% or BSS® following anterior keratectomy. Methods Anterior keratectomy surgery was followed by topical administration with commercial ophthalmic formulations of either moxifloxacin or gatifloxacin or BSS® (TID for 96 h). Images of the fluorescein‐stained healing corneas were analyzed for wound area. At 48 or 96 h following surgery, aqueous humor samples were collected and analyzed for the inflammatory mediators PGE2 and IL‐1β using an ELISA. The corneas were subsequently evaluated using both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In a second parallel study, corneas were evaluated at both 48 and 96 h for Type‐IV collagen and ZO‐1 expression using immunohistochemistry. Results Fluorescein‐stained corneal images at 96 h postsurgery demonstrated that 90% ± 8% re‐epithelialization for moxifloxacin, 81% ± 14% for gatifloxacin, and 88 ± 6% for BSS® (P > 0.05). PGE2 levels in the aqueous humor of fluoroquinolone treated eyes were reduced at 48 h compared to BSS® treated eyes. IL‐1β was undetectable in all samples. No differences in Type‐IV collagen or ZO‐1 expression were observed between any treatment groups. There were no differences between groups in histological appearance or in ultrastructural healing processes. Conclusions These studies demonstrated that the commercial ophthalmic formulations of moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin were similar to each other in their effects on the levels of aqueous humor PGE2 and rates of corneal wound re‐epithelialization. 相似文献
10.
Objective To evaluate the effect of soft X-ray therapy in the treatment of refractory chronic superficial keratitis (CSK).
Animals studied Thirteen dogs with severe CSK, that had been refractory to prior medical and/or surgical therapy were treated with soft X-ray therapy.
Procedures Both corneas of each dog were irradiated with soft X-rays (15 kV), to a total dose of 30 Gy, administered as two fractions over 48–96 h. Treatment was carried out under deep sedation in all dogs. Three dogs were treated by superficial lamellar keratectomy 48 h prior to radiotherapy. Changes in the extent of corneal pigmentation, pigment density and corneal vascularization were documented using a semi-quantitative grading scheme, schematic drawings and clinical photographs.
Results Only minor, transient adverse effects of treatment, such as photophobia, epiphora and blepharitis were noted. Overall the effect of soft X-rays on the course of the keratitis was superior when compared to the effect of Sr-90 irradiation that had been determined in a previous study.
Conclusion Soft X-ray irradiation combined with keratectomy is a safe and effective new treatment option for severe and advanced CSK with significant visual impairment due to corneal pathology. 相似文献
Animals studied Thirteen dogs with severe CSK, that had been refractory to prior medical and/or surgical therapy were treated with soft X-ray therapy.
Procedures Both corneas of each dog were irradiated with soft X-rays (15 kV), to a total dose of 30 Gy, administered as two fractions over 48–96 h. Treatment was carried out under deep sedation in all dogs. Three dogs were treated by superficial lamellar keratectomy 48 h prior to radiotherapy. Changes in the extent of corneal pigmentation, pigment density and corneal vascularization were documented using a semi-quantitative grading scheme, schematic drawings and clinical photographs.
Results Only minor, transient adverse effects of treatment, such as photophobia, epiphora and blepharitis were noted. Overall the effect of soft X-rays on the course of the keratitis was superior when compared to the effect of Sr-90 irradiation that had been determined in a previous study.
Conclusion Soft X-ray irradiation combined with keratectomy is a safe and effective new treatment option for severe and advanced CSK with significant visual impairment due to corneal pathology. 相似文献
11.
Joo Youn Oh † ‡ Mee Kum Kim † ‡ Hyun Ju Lee † ‡ Jung Hwa Ko † ‡ Won Ryang Wee † ‡ Jin Hak Lee † ‡ 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2009,12(S1):50-56
Objective Although variations exist between species with respect to outcomes after cryopreservation, little is known about the differences in the susceptibility of the corneal stroma to cryoinjury. We performed this study to investigate freeze–thaw-induced damage in keratocytes and collagen in rabbit, pig, and human corneas.
Animals studied Rabbit, pig, and human.
Procedures We prepared 250-μm-thick anterior stroma from rabbit, pig, and human corneas after scraping off the epithelium and endothelium. Each 250-μm-thick corneal stroma without epithelium was placed in a 50-mL tube, frozen with liquid N2 for 15 min and taken out to thaw rapidly at 37 °C. This procedure of rapid freezing and thawing was repeated three times. Differences between the species with respect to cells and collagen structures were examined using hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We orthotopically transplanted the pig and rabbit corneal transplants after the triple freeze–thaw cycle into rabbit eyes and evaluated graft survival.
Results On gross examination, rabbit corneas became opaque after the triple freeze–thaw procedure, while pig and human corneas remained transparent. Histologically, keratocytes were apoptotic on TUNEL assay and TEM in rabbit, pig, and human corneas. Collagen fibrils were fragmented and the arrangement of collagen fibrils was severely disturbed in rabbit corneas on H&E staining and TEM; collagen was well preserved in pig and human corneas. Rabbit corneal stroma underwent autolysis after transplantation, whereas the pig corneal stroma remained clear for 1 month.
Conclusions Our study showed that rabbit corneal stroma was more susceptible to freeze–thaw injury than pig and human corneas. 相似文献
Animals studied Rabbit, pig, and human.
Procedures We prepared 250-μm-thick anterior stroma from rabbit, pig, and human corneas after scraping off the epithelium and endothelium. Each 250-μm-thick corneal stroma without epithelium was placed in a 50-mL tube, frozen with liquid N
Results On gross examination, rabbit corneas became opaque after the triple freeze–thaw procedure, while pig and human corneas remained transparent. Histologically, keratocytes were apoptotic on TUNEL assay and TEM in rabbit, pig, and human corneas. Collagen fibrils were fragmented and the arrangement of collagen fibrils was severely disturbed in rabbit corneas on H&E staining and TEM; collagen was well preserved in pig and human corneas. Rabbit corneal stroma underwent autolysis after transplantation, whereas the pig corneal stroma remained clear for 1 month.
Conclusions Our study showed that rabbit corneal stroma was more susceptible to freeze–thaw injury than pig and human corneas. 相似文献
12.
Joo Youn Oh † ‡ Mee Kum Kim † ‡ Jung Hwa Ko † ‡ Hyun Ju Lee † ‡ Jin Hak Lee † Won Ryang Wee † ‡ 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2009,12(S1):35-40
Objective Recent reports have demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can modulate/suppress immunologic responses through interactions with different immune cells. We performed this study in order to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of MSCs in corneal xenotransplantation.
Animals studied Pig and rat.
Procedures We orthotopically transplanted pig corneas into rats and topically applied allogeneic rat MSCs to the corneas for 2 h immediately after transplantation. Graft survival was clinically assessed using slit-lamp biomicroscopy and the median survival time (MST) was calculated. The rejected grafts were histologically examined using antibodies against CD4, CD8, CD161, and CD68. The expression of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ was also evaluated in the rejected grafts using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results The survival of corneal xenografts was not significantly prolonged by MSC application (MST 10.5 days) compared with the controls (MST 9.67 days) ( P = 0.4189). Histologically, the rejected grafts in both groups were massively infiltrated with neutrophils and macrophages. Some CD8+ T cells and rare NK cells were found in the rejected grafts. The levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly increased in the rejected grafts from MSC-treated rats compared with the grafts from MSC-untreated rats. However, the levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ were not different between the two groups.
Conclusions Topical application of allogeneic rat MSCs was ineffective in prolonging corneal xenograft survival in a pig-to-rat model. 相似文献
Animals studied Pig and rat.
Procedures We orthotopically transplanted pig corneas into rats and topically applied allogeneic rat MSCs to the corneas for 2 h immediately after transplantation. Graft survival was clinically assessed using slit-lamp biomicroscopy and the median survival time (MST) was calculated. The rejected grafts were histologically examined using antibodies against CD4, CD8, CD161, and CD68. The expression of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ was also evaluated in the rejected grafts using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results The survival of corneal xenografts was not significantly prolonged by MSC application (MST 10.5 days) compared with the controls (MST 9.67 days) ( P = 0.4189). Histologically, the rejected grafts in both groups were massively infiltrated with neutrophils and macrophages. Some CD8
Conclusions Topical application of allogeneic rat MSCs was ineffective in prolonging corneal xenograft survival in a pig-to-rat model. 相似文献
13.
14.
Manuela Crasta Alison B. Clode† Richard J. McMullen Jr.† Diana O. Pate† Brian C. Gilger† 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2010,13(1):14-19
Objective To compare the effect of topical latanoprost, intracameral carbachol, or no adjunctive medical therapy on the development of acute postoperative hypertension (POH) and inflammation after routine phacoemulsification and aspiration (PA) of cataracts in dogs.
Design Retrospective study.
Procedures Dogs received either one drop of topical 0.005% latanoprost (21 dogs, 39 eyes), an intracameral injection of 0.3 mL of 0.01% carbachol (15 dogs, 30 eyes), or no adjunctive therapy (46 dogs, 90 eyes) immediately following PA of cataract(s). Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured in all dogs 2 and 4 h after surgery. IOP was measured and aqueous flare assessed at 8 am the day after surgery.
Results Carbachol-treated dogs had significantly higher mean IOP (33.2 ± SD 20.8 mmHg) 2 h after surgery than dogs receiving no adjunctive therapy (22.0 ± SD 14.1 mmHg) ( P = 0 .049). There were no significant differences in IOP among groups at any other time point. There were no significant differences in number of POH episodes between dogs treated with carbachol (47%), latanoprost (29%), or dogs that received no adjunctive therapy (33%). There were no significant differences in mean aqueous flare grade between eyes treated with latanoprost (1.7 ± SD 0.4) or carbachol (1.4 ± SD 0.6), and eyes that received no adjunctive therapy (1.7 ± SD 0.4).
Conclusions Topical 0.005% latanoprost or intracameral injection of 0.3 mL of 0.01% carbachol after PA in dogs did not reduce POH or increase intraocular inflammation compared to dogs not receiving adjunctive therapy after PA of cataracts. 相似文献
Design Retrospective study.
Procedures Dogs received either one drop of topical 0.005% latanoprost (21 dogs, 39 eyes), an intracameral injection of 0.3 mL of 0.01% carbachol (15 dogs, 30 eyes), or no adjunctive therapy (46 dogs, 90 eyes) immediately following PA of cataract(s). Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured in all dogs 2 and 4 h after surgery. IOP was measured and aqueous flare assessed at 8 am the day after surgery.
Results Carbachol-treated dogs had significantly higher mean IOP (33.2 ± SD 20.8 mmHg) 2 h after surgery than dogs receiving no adjunctive therapy (22.0 ± SD 14.1 mmHg) ( P = 0 .049). There were no significant differences in IOP among groups at any other time point. There were no significant differences in number of POH episodes between dogs treated with carbachol (47%), latanoprost (29%), or dogs that received no adjunctive therapy (33%). There were no significant differences in mean aqueous flare grade between eyes treated with latanoprost (1.7 ± SD 0.4) or carbachol (1.4 ± SD 0.6), and eyes that received no adjunctive therapy (1.7 ± SD 0.4).
Conclusions Topical 0.005% latanoprost or intracameral injection of 0.3 mL of 0.01% carbachol after PA in dogs did not reduce POH or increase intraocular inflammation compared to dogs not receiving adjunctive therapy after PA of cataracts. 相似文献
15.
16.
Denize E. de Almeida Cristina Roveratti† Fábio L. C. Brito‡ Guilherme S. Godoy§ Juan C. M. Duque¶ Gervásio H. Bechara José L. Laus† 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2009,12(4):211-215
Objective This study compared the histopathology of canine distemper virus (CDV)-induced keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) to non-infectious KCS in conjunctival tissues.
Animals studied Forty mongrel dogs were assigned to three distinct groups: (i) non-infectious KCS (G1, n = 10), (ii) CDV-induced KCS (G2, n = 20), and (iii) healthy animals without any ocular alterations (G3, n = 10).
Procedure IgG titers and physical and ophthalmic examinations (e.g. Schirmer tear test [STT], tonometry, biomicroscopy, indirect biomicroscopy, and fluorescein test) were performed on all dogs. Conjunctival biopsies were collected and examined microscopically.
Results Non-infectious and CDV-induced KCS demonstrated similar histopathological changes. Both types of KCS correlated with low STT, conjunctival hyperemia, mucopurulent ocular discharge, predominant lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, and acantholysis and keratinization of the ocular surface. G1 had lower conjunctival goblet cell counts than G3. Inclusion bodies were sporadically found in conjunctival samples of dogs from G2. The severity of ocular lesions in G1 and G2 did not correlate with the histopathological findings.
Conclusions Dogs with non-infectious and CDV-induced KCS had very similar conjunctival histopathology. Our findings suggest that the pathophysiology of CDV-induced KCS is likely to be the same as non-infectious KCS, that is, a result of lacrimal deficiency and inflammation of the ocular surface. 相似文献
Animals studied Forty mongrel dogs were assigned to three distinct groups: (i) non-infectious KCS (G1, n = 10), (ii) CDV-induced KCS (G2, n = 20), and (iii) healthy animals without any ocular alterations (G3, n = 10).
Procedure IgG titers and physical and ophthalmic examinations (e.g. Schirmer tear test [STT], tonometry, biomicroscopy, indirect biomicroscopy, and fluorescein test) were performed on all dogs. Conjunctival biopsies were collected and examined microscopically.
Results Non-infectious and CDV-induced KCS demonstrated similar histopathological changes. Both types of KCS correlated with low STT, conjunctival hyperemia, mucopurulent ocular discharge, predominant lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, and acantholysis and keratinization of the ocular surface. G1 had lower conjunctival goblet cell counts than G3. Inclusion bodies were sporadically found in conjunctival samples of dogs from G2. The severity of ocular lesions in G1 and G2 did not correlate with the histopathological findings.
Conclusions Dogs with non-infectious and CDV-induced KCS had very similar conjunctival histopathology. Our findings suggest that the pathophysiology of CDV-induced KCS is likely to be the same as non-infectious KCS, that is, a result of lacrimal deficiency and inflammation of the ocular surface. 相似文献
17.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of topical application of a 1% morphine sulfate solution (MSS) on signs of pain and wound healing in dogs with corneal ulcers and examine normal corneas immunohistochemically for the presence of mu and delta opioid receptors. ANIMALS: 12 dogs. PROCEDURE: A 7-mm superficial corneal ulcer was surgically created in the right eye (OD) of 10 dogs, after which gentamicin solution and 1% MSS (n = 6) or saline solution (4) was administered topically OD 3 times daily. Blepharospasm, tearing, conjunctival hyperemia, aqueous flare, esthesiometer readings, and pupil size were recorded before and 30 minutes after treatment in all dogs. Ulcer size and days to completion of healing were recorded. Corneas from 4 treated and 3 control dogs were evaluated histologically. Normal canine corneas from 2 dogs not used in the study were evaluated immunohistochemically for the presence of mu and delta opioid receptors. RESULTS: Dogs treated with MSS had significantly less blepharospasm and lower esthesiometer readings than did control dogs. Duration of ulcer healing and findings of histologic evaluation of corneas did not differ between groups. Numerous delta and infrequent mu opioid receptors were identified in the corneal epithelium and anterior stroma of normal corneas. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Topical use of 1% MSS in dogs with corneal ulcers provided analgesia and did not interfere with normal wound healing. Both mu and delta opioid receptors were identified in normal corneas of dogs, although the mu receptors were present only in small numbers. 相似文献
18.
Shin Ae Park Na Young Yi Man Bok Jeong Won Tae Kim Se Eun Kim Je Min Chae Kang Moon Seo 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2009,12(4):205-210
Objective To determine the incidence, etiology, and concurrent ophthalmic findings in small breed dogs that presented with cataracts.
Animal studied Five hundred and sixty-one small breed dogs (942 eyes) were presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Seoul National University between July 2002 and December 2007 with cataract.
Procedure The medical records of small breed dogs with cataract were reviewed. The reason for presentation, cataract duration, bilaterality, breed, gender, age, vision, etiology, stage of cataract development, concurrent ophthalmic findings, IOP, ocular ultrasonography findings, and scotopic electroretinography (ERG) findings were investigated.
Results The most frequently presented breeds were the Miniature/Toy Poodle ( n = 112, 20.0%), Yorkshire Terrier ( n = 110, 19.6%), and Shih Tzu ( n = 95, 16.9%). The Miniature/Toy Poodle showed a significantly higher odds ratio for cataract formation (2.6). The proportion of female cataract patients was significantly higher than that of male cataract patients in the overall population ( P < 0.05). The Miniature/Toy Poodles had significantly higher numbers of females affected with cataract ( P < 0.01). The mean age for cataract formation was 8.3 ± 3.9 years. The mean age at onset in the Miniature/Toy Poodle and Yorkshire Terrier was significantly higher, whereas that in the Miniature Schnauzer group was significantly lower ( P < 0.0001). Clinical signs related to lens induced uveitis had a tendency to increase with cataract progression ( P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the b-wave amplitude for mixed rod cone response by stage ( P = 0.137).
Conclusions Small breed dogs with cataracts had characteristics with regard to age of onset and gender distribution, depending on the breed. 相似文献
Animal studied Five hundred and sixty-one small breed dogs (942 eyes) were presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Seoul National University between July 2002 and December 2007 with cataract.
Procedure The medical records of small breed dogs with cataract were reviewed. The reason for presentation, cataract duration, bilaterality, breed, gender, age, vision, etiology, stage of cataract development, concurrent ophthalmic findings, IOP, ocular ultrasonography findings, and scotopic electroretinography (ERG) findings were investigated.
Results The most frequently presented breeds were the Miniature/Toy Poodle ( n = 112, 20.0%), Yorkshire Terrier ( n = 110, 19.6%), and Shih Tzu ( n = 95, 16.9%). The Miniature/Toy Poodle showed a significantly higher odds ratio for cataract formation (2.6). The proportion of female cataract patients was significantly higher than that of male cataract patients in the overall population ( P < 0.05). The Miniature/Toy Poodles had significantly higher numbers of females affected with cataract ( P < 0.01). The mean age for cataract formation was 8.3 ± 3.9 years. The mean age at onset in the Miniature/Toy Poodle and Yorkshire Terrier was significantly higher, whereas that in the Miniature Schnauzer group was significantly lower ( P < 0.0001). Clinical signs related to lens induced uveitis had a tendency to increase with cataract progression ( P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the b-wave amplitude for mixed rod cone response by stage ( P = 0.137).
Conclusions Small breed dogs with cataracts had characteristics with regard to age of onset and gender distribution, depending on the breed. 相似文献
19.
Silvia Franco Andrade Tatiana Cremonezi† Cristiane Aparecida Miranda Zachi† Caroline Ferreira Lonchiati† Juliana Dalarrosa Amatuzzi† Keila Priscilla Sakamoto† Paulo Augusto de Arruda Mello‡ 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2009,12(5):277-284
Objective To evaluate and to validate the accuracy of the Perkins® handheld applanation tonometer in the measurement of IOP in dogs and cats.
Animals Twenty eyes from 10 dogs and 10 cats immediately after sacrifice were used for the postmortem study and 20 eyes from 10 clinically normal and anesthetized dogs and cats were used for the in vivo study. Both eyes of 20 conscious dogs and cats were also evaluated.
Procedure Readings of IOP postmortem and in vivo were taken using manometry (measured with a mercury column manometer) and tonometry (measured with a Perkins® handheld applanation tonometer). The IOP measurement with Perkins® tonometer in anesthetized and conscious dogs and cats was accomplished by instillation of proxymetacaine 0.5% and of 1% fluorescein eye drops.
Results The correlation coefficient ( r2 ) between the manometry and the Perkins® tonometer were 0.982 (dogs) and 0.988 (cats), and the corresponding linear regression equation were y = 0.0893 x + 0.1105 (dogs) and y = 0.0899 x + 0.1145 (cats) in the postmortem study. The mean IOP readings with the Perkins® tonometer after calibration curve correction were 14.9 ± 1.6 mmHg (range 12.2–17.2 mmHg) in conscious dogs, and were 15.1 ± 1.7 mmHg (range 12.1–18.7 mmHg) in conscious cats.
Conclusion There was an excellent correlation between the IOP values obtained from direct ocular manometry and the Perkins® tonometer in dogs and cats. The Perkins® handheld tonometer could be in the future a new alternative for the diagnosis of glaucoma in veterinary ophthalmology. 相似文献
Animals Twenty eyes from 10 dogs and 10 cats immediately after sacrifice were used for the postmortem study and 20 eyes from 10 clinically normal and anesthetized dogs and cats were used for the in vivo study. Both eyes of 20 conscious dogs and cats were also evaluated.
Procedure Readings of IOP postmortem and in vivo were taken using manometry (measured with a mercury column manometer) and tonometry (measured with a Perkins
Results The correlation coefficient ( r
Conclusion There was an excellent correlation between the IOP values obtained from direct ocular manometry and the Perkins
20.
Objective To investigate the changes in corneal thickness that occur during maturation of the Gallus gallus domesticus chick eye over the first 450 days of life. Animals studied Twenty‐nine chicks, of which 12 were males and 17 were females. Procedures The central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured by ultrasonic pachymetry from hatch until 450 days of age. Segmented regression was applied to capture the two phases observed in the CCT plotted against age. Eye and gender were also included in the model. Results Mean CCT values initially decreased, with the lowest point being reached at around 12 days of age. CCT then gradually increased as the chick matured. At 70 days of age the animals have completed corneal development and reached the plateau value of 0.242 ± 0.0002 mm. CCT differences between gender or between left and right eyes were not statistically significant. Prediction equations for mean CCT according to the bird's age are presented. Conclusions There is an initial decrease in corneal thickness until approximately 12 days of age, which presumably mirrors maturation of corneal endothelial cell function. The pattern of changes in corneal thickness during the first phase of development of the chick CCT was similar to the one reported for dogs and humans. However, a unique feature of the development of CCT in chicks is that after reaching a plateau at 70 days corneal thickness did not significantly change over the remainder of the study period. Additionally, unlike in humans and dogs, there is no gender difference for corneal thickness in chicks. 相似文献