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1.
给山羊灌服马钱子后，血液中的二氧化碳分压（ＰＣＯ２）和二氧化碳含量（ＴＣＯ２）降低；细胞外液碱剩余（ＢＥｅｃ）和血液碱剩余（ＢＥ）均高于正常；血液中的葡萄糖含量、氨含量增高。当大量服用马钱子时，血氨含量则大幅度升高，导致氨中毒，表现为瘤胃活动被抑制。 相似文献
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盐渍化土壤渗透势的电导测定及其应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文介绍了用电导法测定盐渍土壤渗透势的方法，并将此法用于测定河西盐渍化土壤和碱茅（Ｐ．ｔｅｎｕｉｆｌｏｒａ）种子萌发期半致死渗透势。结果表明：河西盐渍化土壤浸提液的渗透势（ＯＰ，ＭＰａ）与电导率（ＥＣ，ｄｓｍ－１）呈指数关系，ＯＰ＝－０．０２５ＥＣ１．１９。研究区各类草地渗透势的变化特点是春、秋两季下降，夏季上升。２年生碱茅草地和撩荒地土壤０～１０ｃｍ层渗透势明显高于１０ｍ以下各层，其平均值分别是：－０．３４，－０．３１ＭＰａ；３年生碱茅草地渗透势升高，１０ｃｍ土层平均值为－０．０７ＭＰａ。碱茅种子萌发期的半致死渗透势为－０．９１ＭＰａ。 相似文献
3.
饲料级磷酸氢钙生产技术及发展动向 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
目前,全世界饲料级磷酸盐的年总生产能力已经超过１０００万ｔ,其中,饲料级磷酸氢钙（饲钙）是世界上产量最大和最普遍使用的磷酸盐品种,也是我国饲料级磷酸盐的主要品种,占饲料级磷酸盐产量的８０％以上。饲钙的生产方法主要有４种：热法磷酸法;普钙水萃法;骨胶副产法;湿法磷酸法。１热法磷酸法热法磷酸法是生产饲钙最早采用的方法,其主要化学反应如下：Ｐ２Ｏ５＋３Ｈ２Ｏ＝２Ｈ３ＰＯ４（１）２Ｈ３ＰＯ４＋Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２＝Ｃａ（Ｈ２ＰＯ４）２＋２Ｈ２Ｏ（２）Ｃａ（Ｈ２ＰＯ４）２＋Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２＝２ＣａＨＰＯ４·２Ｈ２… 相似文献
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对３头实验性肠阻塞驴和１０匹自然肠阻塞马、骡进行了血气分析。结果表明：（１）实验性肠阻塞驴在造型后２４小时，血液ｐＨ、ＰＯ２、ＰＣＯ２、Ｏ２Ｓ比造型前略低（Ｐ＞０．０５），ＨＣＯ－３、ＴＣＯ２、ＢＥ、ＳＢＥ、ＳＢＣ比造型前明显低（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．００１），治愈时血气指标趋于正常；（２）自然肠阻塞马、骡在接受治疗前，上述９项血气指标变化与实验性肠阻塞（造型后２４小时）驴大致相同，治疗后２４小时，马、骡的绝大多数血气指标呈继续下降趋势，治愈时血气指标亦趋于正常。 相似文献
6.
缓冲剂在奶牛泌乳前期添加效果的试验 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在奶牛泌乳成盛期给日粮中添加缓冲剂碳酸氢钠（ＮａＨＣＯ_３）、碳酸钠（Ｎａ_２ＣＯ_３）和氧化镁（ＭｇＯ）混合剂，对饲养方法和缓冲剂效果进行研究的结果表明，在泌乳前期采用科学饲养的基础上添加缓冲剂可以提高产奶量，但差异不显著；乳成分中，乳脂率提高极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），乳总干物质率提高显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）；各种营养物质的消化率均显著提高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。经济效益分析，试验组可提高２４３．８０元的纯收入，经济效益特别显著。 相似文献
7.
ＮａＣｌ处理对梭梭生长及生理生态特征的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以１年生梭梭幼株为材料,采用盆栽试验研究不同浓度（０,５０,１００,２００,４００ ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）ＮａＣｌ处理对梭梭生长状况及同化枝过氧化氢（Ｈ２Ｏ２）、丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）、过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（ＡＰＸ）活性、水势、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量的影响。结果表明,低浓度的ＮａＣｌ处理（５０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）对梭梭的生长具有促进作用,梭梭株高和基茎粗在４００ ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮａＣｌ处理下较对照显著减少,冠幅面积和同化枝、茎干重在ＮａＣｌ浓度为≥２００ ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ 时较对照开始显著减少,根干重在ＮａＣｌ浓度为≥１００ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ时较对照呈显著减少趋势。因此,ＮａＣｌ胁迫对梭梭根生长的抑制作用大于对冠幅面积,同化枝和茎干重大于对株高和基茎粗。根冠比在ＮａＣｌ浓度≥１００ ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ 时较对照显著减少。Ｈ２Ｏ２ 和ＭＤＡ 含量在高浓度ＮａＣｌ处理下较对照出现积累现象。低浓度ＮａＣｌ处理下（≤１００ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）,梭梭同化枝ＳＯＤ、ＰＯＤ、ＣＡＴ 和ＡＰＸ 活性较对照均有所提高,它们协调一致的共同作用,有效地清除植物体内的活性氧（ｒｅａｃｔｉｖｅｏｘｙｇｅｎｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ,ＲＯＳ）,高浓度的ＮａＣｌ处理下（≥２００ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）,ＣＡＴ 和ＰＯＤ 活性较对照开始降低,抗氧化酶系统对ＲＯＳ的清除效率减弱。梭梭同化枝水势随ＮａＣｌ处理浓度升高而降低。可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量随ＮａＣｌ浓度增加较对照先上升后降低。 相似文献
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将ＥＣＯ１、ＥＣＯ２、ＥＣＯ３、ＥＣＯ４不同血清型大肠杆菌菌株接种于牛体胆囊培植牛黄，测定接种前后胆汁中β──葡萄糖醛酸酶（β—Ｇ酶）活性及培植一年后牛黄产量及胆红素含量。结果表明：ＥＣＯ１菌株、ＥＣＯ２菌株的β─Ｇ酶活性、牛黄胆红素含量比ＥＣＯ３菌株、ＥＣＯ４菌株明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１），但牛黄产量明显偏低（Ｐ＜０．０１）：ＥＣＯ４菌株的β─Ｇ酶活性、牛黄胆红素含量比ＥＣＯ３菌株明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１），但牛黄产量相近（Ｐ＞０．０５）。综合判断：ＥＣＯ４菌株是培植牛黄的优良菌株。 相似文献
9.
通过对１１匹实验马的血气、酸碱值分析，结果表明以１２ｇ／１００ｋｇ体重的水合氯醛麻醉后，实验马的Ｐｏ２、Ｓａｔ·Ｏ２、Ｃ－Ｏ２三项指标均显著降低，ＰＡ－ａＤＯ２显著增加；而ｐＨ、Ｐｃｏ２、Ｔ－ＣＯ２、ＡＢ、ＳＢ、ＢＥｂ六项指标无显著变化。说明该剂量的水合氯醛对马的呼吸功能有一定影响，且主要影响与氧有关的指标。 相似文献
10.
类固醇激素对牛输卵管上皮细胞分泌的调节及其分泌物对小鼠胚胎发育的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
模拟发情期（０～６ｄ）母牛外周血浆雌激素和孕酮变化水平，在添加相应水平１７β－雌二醇和孕酮的ＴＣＭ－１９９液中，培养间情期牛输卵管上皮细胞（ＢＯＥＣ）。５％ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析ＢＯＥＣ分泌物，发现上皮细胞受类固醇激素作用分泌的２类蛋白质分子量与自然发情期（０～６ｄ）分泌的特异蛋白相似。证明类固醇激素可以调节和启动间情期ＢＯＥＣ的分泌活动。当雌二醇浓度高达１ｍｇ／Ｌ时，即使不加孕酮，ＢＯＥＣ仍能分泌这２类蛋白质。在培养小鼠原核胚的ＣＺＢ培养液内添加牛输卵管上皮细胞分泌蛋白（ＢＯＥＰ），与添加间情期牛输卵管冲洗蛋白（ＢＯＰ）和小牛输卵管冲洗蛋白（ＣＯＰ）相比，能显著提高通过２－细胞阶段胚胎的百分率和桑囊形成率，表明ＢＯＥＰ能较好地促进胚胎的分裂和发育。但ＢＯＥＰ组的桑囊形成率显著低于对照组，表明ＢＯＥＰ中可能缺少某些低于Ｍｒ１．０×１０４的蛋白因子的协调作用，以及含有Ｍｒ３．０×１０４～５．６×１０４的分泌蛋白的抑制作用而阻碍胚胎分裂与发育。 相似文献
11.
End-tidal carbon dioxide tension (PetCO2) and arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) were determined and compared in isoflurane-anesthetized spontaneously breathing equine neonates. End-tidal carbon dioxide and PaCO2 values increased with respect to time. Difference between values of PetCO2 and PaCO2 increased over time. End-tidal carbon dioxide tension was useful to predict changes in and was more closely correlated with PaCO2 early in the anesthetic period (T less than or equal to 60 minutes). The dead space volume to tidal volume (Vd/Vt) ratio increased with respect to time, indicating increase in physiologic dead space in isoflurane-anesthetized foals. The data indicate that the increased difference between widening of the PetCO2 and PaCO2 values over time may have been attributable to hypoventilation and decreased pulmonary capillary perfusion of alveoli. 相似文献
12.
Forty-five horses were maintained on halothane or isoflurane anesthesia for at least 90 minutes and received positive pressure ventilation after the first 30 minutes of anesthesia. Parameters monitored included end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (ETPCO2), arterial blood pressure, and arterial blood gases and pH. There was a statistically significant correlation between end-tidal carbon dioxide and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) for both halothane and isoflurane anesthesia. There was no significant correlation between end-tidal carbon dioxide and either body weight or systolic blood pressure. No statistically significant difference was found in arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide difference nor in alveolar dead space because of time or positioning over anesthetic periods of up to 3 hours. It is concluded that end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring is a satisfactory measure of changes in respiratory acid-base balance with inhalation anesthesia in horses when ventilation is controlled. 相似文献
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Hemodynamic effects of carbon dioxide during intermittent positive-pressure ventilation in horses 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The hemodynamic effects of high arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2) during anesthesia in horses were studied. Eight horses were anesthetized with xylazine, guaifenesin, and thiamylal, and were maintained with halothane in oxygen (end-tidal halothane concentration = 1.15%). Baseline data were collected while the horses were breathing spontaneously; then the horses were subjected to intermittent positive-pressure ventilation, and data were collected during normocapnia (PaCO2, 35 to 45 mm of Hg), moderate hypercapnia (PaCO2, 60 to 70 mm of Hg), and severe hypercapnia (PaCO2, 75 to 85 mm of Hg). Hypercapnia was induced by adding carbon dioxide to the inspired gas mixture. Moderate and severe hypercapnia were associated with significant (P less than 0.05) increases in aortic blood pressure, left ventricular systolic pressure, cardiac output, stroke volume, maximal rate of increase and decrease in left ventricular pressure (positive and negative dP/dtmax, respectively), and median arterial blood flow, and decreased time constant for ventricular relaxation. These hemodynamic changes were accompanied by increased plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations. Administration of the beta-blocking drug, propranolol hydrochloride, markedly depressed the response to hypercapnia. This study confirmed that in horses, hypercapnia is associated with augmentation of cardiovascular function. 相似文献
14.
Marion Desmarchelier Yves Rondenay Guy Fitzgerald Stéphane Lair 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2007,38(1):1-6
The relationship between end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PETCO2), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), and blood pH in isoflurane-anesthetized raptors was evaluated. PaCO2 and pH were determined in serial arterial samples from isoflurane anesthetized birds and compared with concurrent end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide measured with a Microstream sidestream capnograph. Forty-eight paired samples, taken from 11 birds of prey (weighing 416-2,062 g), were used to determine correlations coefficients between PaCO2 and PETCO2, and between PETCO2 and pH. Limits of agreement between PaCO2 and PETCO2 also were calculated. Strong correlations were observed between PaCO2 and PETCO2 (r = 0.94; P < 0.0001) as well as between PETCO2 and pH (r = -0.90; P < 0.0001). However, the level of agreement between PaCO2 and PETCO2 varied considerably. Low values of PETCO2, ranging from 18 to 29 mm Hg, exceeded the concomitantly measured values of PaCO2 by an average of 6.0 mm Hg (6.0 +/- 1.9 mm Hg; mean +/- SD). Conversely, high values of PETCO2, ranging from 50 to 63 mm Hg, were on average 7.6 mm Hg (7.6 +/- 9.8 mm Hg) lower than values of PaCO2. In the 30 to 49 mm Hg range for PETCO2, the difference between PETCO2 and PaCO2 was on average 1.0 mm Hg (1.0 +/- 8.5 mm Hg). These results suggest that the capnograph used provided a sufficiently accurate estimation of arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide for birds weighing > 400 g and receiving manual positive ventilation with a Bain system. In our study, the linear relationship observed between the pH and the end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide suggested that the monitoring of end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide also can be useful to prevent respiratory acidosis. 相似文献
15.
Effects of the drug xylazine were determined on arterial pH, arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2), arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2), aortic blood pressure, aortic flow, heart rate, pulse pressure, stroke volume, and peripheral resistance of dogs. The drug was given intravenously (IV) with and without atropine and was given intramuscularly (IM) without atropine. After IV administration of xylazine (1.1 mg/kg), arterial pH, PaO2, and PaCO2 values were not changed from control values. However, the drug did produce a statistically significant decrease in heart rate, decrease in aortic flow, initial increase in blood pressure followed by decrease, and increase in peripheral resistance. Stroke volume and pulse pressure were not significantly changed. Atropine (0.02 mg/kg, IV) did not significantly change any of the effects produced by xylazine. Intramuscular administration of xylazine (2.2 mg/kg) did not produce significant changes in arterial pH, PaO2, or PaCO2. Heart rate and aortic flow decreased significantly, but statistically significant changes did not occur in aortic blood pressure or peripheral resistance; however, the changes in these last 2 values were in the same direction and were of similar magnitude as those which occurred afger IV administration of xylazine. 相似文献
16.
A crossover study design was used to investigate the dose-related effects of sevoflurane at end-tidal concentrations of 2.2 to 4.4 per cent on the respiratory rate, blood gases, heart rate, arterial blood pressure and ocular signs of chickens during spontaneous and controlled ventilation. The mean (sd) carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2) increased as the concentration of sevoflurane increased, and was 86 (29) mmHg at an end-tidal concentration of 4.4 per cent during spontaneous ventilation, but was maintained between 29 and 42 mmHg during controlled ventilation. The heart rate increased as the concentration of sevoflurane increased during spontaneous ventilation, but did not change during controlled ventilation. Sevoflurane decreased arterial blood pressure during both spontaneous and controlled ventilation, but a dose-dependent decrease in arterial blood pressure was observed only during controlled ventilation. The mean arterial blood pressure at an end-tidal concentration of 4.4 per cent was significantly higher during spontaneous ventilation than during controlled ventilation. Controlled ventilation prevented the increases in PaCO2 and heart rate that were observed during spontaneous ventilation. The decrease in arterial blood pressure during spontaneous ventilation was less than that during controlled ventilation, possibly owing to the effects of hypercapnia. 相似文献
17.
Respiratory function in the restrained, conscious domestic fowl was measured using a non-invasive technique and computer aided analysis to examine respiratory flow, and in-dwelling arterial catheters to monitor blood carbon dioxide levels. The effects of two low ranges of inspiratory carbon dioxide (0.2 to 1.0 per cent and 0.25 to 2.25 per cent) were studied, simulating levels of carbon dioxide that may occur in commercial poultry units and representing a mild environmental stress for the birds. A linear increase in minute volume with inspiratory carbon dioxide was observed, due primarily to increases in tidal volume. Arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) tension also rose as the inspiratory carbon dioxide concentration was raised, but higher inspiratory carbon dioxide levels were required to affect significantly blood carbon dioxide concentration than to modify respiratory parameters. Variation was observed in the individual bird's response to carbon dioxide (bird X carbon dioxide interaction), suggesting that resting values of the respiratory parameters measured were important in determining the bird's ventilatory response to carbon dioxide. 相似文献
18.
C. A. BLAZE BVSC DipiomateACVA R. E. HOLLAND DVM MS A. L. GRANT BS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1988,17(3):155-159
Ten neonatal calves were anesthetized with xylazine and ketamine intramuscularly and breathed air spontaneously. Drug injection was repeated after 45 minutes. Each injection resulted in a rapid and sustained increase in respiratory rate, but arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) increased, indicating hypoventilation. Arterial hypoxemia, primarily caused by hypoventilation, developed within 15 minutes of each injection, but gradually disappeared. Acidemia was primarily respiratory in origin. Heart rate and arterial blood pressure decreased for the duration of anesthesia (90 minutes). This form of anesthesia is a satisfactory alternative to inhalation anesthesia of neonatal calves. 相似文献
19.
H. C. LIN DVM J. C. THURMON DVM MS DiplomateACVA G. J. BENSON DVM MS DiplomateACVA W. J. TRANQUILLI DVM MS DiplomateACVA W. A. OLSON PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1989,18(4):328-334
Six isoflurane-anesthetized calves were instrumented for hemodynamic studies and allowed to recover from anesthesia. When the mean arterial blood pressure rose to 100 mmHg or when vigorous movement occurred, a 1:1 tiletamine-zolazepam mixture (4 mg/kg) was administered intravenously (IV). Values for cardiac output, cardiac index, stroke index, central venous pressure, and right ventricular stroke work index did not change significantly. Systolic, mean, and diastolic arterial blood pressures and systemic vascular resistance were significantly decreased below baseline at 5 minutes; they were significantly increased above baseline at 20 minutes and remained so throughout the 60 minute study. Changes in left ventricular stroke work index and rate pressure product were similar to those of arterial blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance, although they were not significant. Heart rate and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure decreased significantly but gradually returned to baseline at 40 minutes and then increased significantly above baseline by the end of the study. Minor venous-arterial shunting or perhaps mismatching of ventilation and perfusion appeared to have developed in the later stages of the study. This was reflected in a minor increase in the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and a decrease in the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and arterial pH. At the dose administered, the hemodynamic changes induced by tiletamine-zolazepam were minimal and were compatible with safe anesthesia in calves. 相似文献
20.
T M Edling L A Degernes K Flammer W A Horne 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2001,219(12):1714-1718
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PETCO2) correlated with PaCO2 in isoflurane-anesthetized African grey parrots receiving intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV). DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 14 healthy mature African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus timnus). PROCEDURE: Each bird was anesthetized via mask with isoflurane, intubated, and connected to a pressure-limited intermittent-flow ventilator. Respiratory rate was altered while holding peak inspiratory pressure constant (5 cm H2O) to achieve a PETCO2 in 1 of 3 ranges: < 30 mm Hg, 30 to 40 mm Hg, and > 40 mm Hg. Blood was collected from the superficial ulnar artery of each bird at least once during each of the 3 ranges. Arterial blood samples were collected for blood gas analysis while PETCO2 was recorded simultaneously. RESULTS: A strong correlation between PETCO2 and PaCO2 was detected over a wide range of partial pressures, although PETCO2 consistently overestimated PaCO2 by approximately 5 mm Hg. End-tidal partial pressure of CO2 and PaCO2 also correlated well with arterial blood pH, and the acute response of the bicarbonate buffer system to changes in ventilation was similar to that of mammals. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicated that PETCO2 reliably estimates PaCO2 in isoflurane-anesthetized African grey parrots receiving IPPV and suggest that IPPV combined with capnography is a viable option for anesthetic maintenance in avian anesthesia. 相似文献