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胎衣不下是奶牛产后极其常见的一种疾病,一般母牛产后胎衣尚未全部排出体外者均可定为胎衣不下。目前,本病有较高的发病率,其中奶牛的发病率可高达40%。而对于本病的发生,不但对奶牛产奶量带来明显的影响,而且还可造成奶牛产后发情周期延长、屡配不孕等一系列繁殖问题,直接造成奶牛生产中经济效益的下降。为此,本文就奶牛胎衣不下的发病原因及防治做一简单介绍。 相似文献
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胎衣不下是指奶牛产后12 h胎衣无法排出的现象。根据统计分析,胎衣不下能直接导致奶牛产后初次配种的天数延长并增加发生子宫炎的危险程度。胎衣不下还与卵巢囊肿高发、产奶量下降和奶牛淘汰率上升有间接关系。 相似文献
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胎衣不下是奶牛产后的一种常见病,一般母牛产后经过12小时胎衣尚未全部排出即称为胎衣不下.胎衣不下不但可引起奶牛产奶量下降,还可引起子宫内膜炎、子宫复旧延迟和子宫脱出,从而导致不孕,致使许多奶牛被迫提前淘汰.现将奶牛胎衣不下的发病原因和防治措施,简单介绍如下,仅供广大养奶牛户参考. 相似文献
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胎衣不下是奶牛产后的一种常见病,一般母牛产后经过12h胎衣尚未全部排出即称为胎衣不下。胎衣不下不但可引起奶牛产奶量下降,还可引起子宫内膜炎、子宫恢复延迟和子宫脱出,从而导致不孕,致使许多奶牛被迫提前淘汰。现结合岷县禾驮乡畜牧兽医站接诊的一例奶牛胎衣不下将该病的发病原因和防治措施进行简单介绍。 相似文献
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《中国畜牧兽医文摘》2012,(7)
<正>奶牛胎衣不下是奶牛的一个常见病、易发病,一般母牛产后经过12h胎衣尚未完全自然排出即称为胎衣不下(也称胎盘滞留)。奶牛胎衣不下的发病率一般在10%左右。个别牧场由于各种不利因素影响可以高达40%以上。由于奶牛胎衣不下治疗不及 相似文献
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正胎衣不下或胎衣滞留是奶牛的一种常见疾病。胎衣应在奶牛正常分娩后8 h内排出,如果产后胎衣在体内滞留超过8~12 h则是不正常的,称为胎衣不下。根据奶牛产后胎衣突出于外阴或悬挂在外阴之外的明显临床症状,结合胎衣滞留时间,即可诊断。本文从病因、症状、预防和治疗等方面阐述了奶牛产后胎衣不下的诊治方法,希望为养牛业的从业人员提供参考。1病因胎衣不下是奶牛的常见病和多发病之一,发病 相似文献
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<正> 奶牛分娩后8～12小时仍不排出胎衣,即为胎衣不下或胎衣滞留,正常情况下奶牛产后4～6小时排出胎衣。发病原因孕期饲料单一,矿物质及维生素缺乏;舍饲奶牛消瘦、过肥或运动不足,胎儿过大,双胎及胎水过多;流产、早产、难产等原因引起产后子宫收缩、迟缓无力等。孕期子宫感染发生子宫内膜炎及胎盘炎,使胎儿胎盘与母体胎盘勃连,也能造成胎衣不下。诊断要点胎衣全部不下时呈带状悬挂于阴门外,(也有的全部胎膜滞留在子宫内);部分胎衣不下时,多因排出过程中断离,部分胎衣残留在子宫内,几天后腐败的胎衣和恶露一同排出来,这种情况下,易引起黏液脓性子宫内膜炎。胎衣不下如果不经过治疗,多数要在3～12天排出;如子宫颈闭锁,滞留的胎衣甚至可以到产后第一次发 相似文献
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随机选择1～4胎龄健康黑白花奶牛10头,设为健康对照组（A组）;选择1～4胎龄产后健康黑白花奶牛17头,产后立即灌服＂益母生化散＂250g,为中药预防组（B组）;选择1～4胎龄产后胎衣不下奶牛10头,为胎衣不下组（C组）;选择1～4胎龄产后胎衣不下奶牛26头,产犊后12h灌服＂益母生化散＂500g,设为中药治疗组（D组）。采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测奶牛胎盘组织中孕酮、雌激素、前列腺素和血管紧张素的含量,探讨奶牛胎衣不下的发生机理及中药＂益母生化散＂的防治效果。结果表明,奶牛胎衣不下的发生与胎盘组织中孕酮、雌激素、前列腺素（PGE2）和血管紧张素Ⅱ含量变化关系密切,胎盘组织中孕酮含量的升高,雌激素、前列腺素和血管紧张素含量的降低是胎衣不下发生的重要机理之一。＂益母生化散＂对奶牛胎衣不下有较好地防治效果,其机制可能与＂益母生化散＂具有调节胎盘组织的激素分泌等作用有关。 相似文献
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Influence of the duration of calving and obstetric assistance on the placental retention index in Holstein dairy cows 
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下载免费PDF全文 Camila I. Vannucchi Liege G. Silva Cristina F. Lúcio Gisele A. L. Veiga 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(3):451-455
The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of duration of calving and obstetric assistance on retained placenta incidence of high milk production Holstein cows. Experimental groups were determined according to the duration of the expulsive phase of calving: 2 h (n = 16), 2‐4 h (n = 16) and >4 h (n = 12), and additionally allocated in two sub‐groups: spontaneous calving (n = 22) and intervention calving (n = 22). Diagnosis of retained placenta was considered with a threshold of 8 h after the expulsive phase. Cows without obstetric intervention, with labor duration of 2 h, presented reduced time needed for placental release, in comparison to those with obstetric assistance. In the 2–4 h group and >4 h, there was no statistical difference. The 2 h and 2–4 h groups with intervention and the spontaneous >4 h group were considered retained placenta groups. On the other hand, performing obstetric intervention when calving period was superior to 4 h nulled the occurrence of retention of fetal membranes. As a conclusion, obstetric assistance predisposes placental retention to calving with <2 h of duration in dairy cows. Conversely, when calving is more than 4 h, performing fetal extraction has a beneficial influence on preventing retained placenta. 相似文献
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奶牛胎衣不下与血浆NO、GSH-Px、MDA变化的关系 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
选用产后健康奶牛 9例和产后胎衣不下奶牛 9例 ,于产后 0 h、4h、8h、1 2 h、1 6h采血分离血浆 ,测定一氧化氮 ( NO)、丙二醛 ( MDA)含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化酶 ( GSH-Px)活性 ,探讨血浆 NO、GSH-Px、MDA变化与胎衣不下的关系。结果表明 ,试验组血浆 NO、MDA极显著高于对照组 ,GSH-Px含量极显著低于对照组 ( P<0 .0 1 ) ,表明血浆 NO、GSH-Px、MDA的变化参与了产后胎衣不下的发生、发展。 相似文献
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This study was carried out to investigate the distribution of immune cells in the bovine placenta during the postpartum period and to compare these cells between normal and retained placenta. Within 1 h after normal calving, biopsy samples of placentomes were collected from 10 cows. The occurrence of retention of fetal membranes was monitored for more than 8 h post-calving, and the samples obtained were divided into two groups: normally discharged and retained placenta (n = 5 each). Immunohistochemical procedures were utilized to detect macrophages and T lymphocytes. Numerous CD14-positive macrophages were found in the stroma of both normal placenta and retained placenta whereas only a few CD3-positive T lymphocytes were found in both cases. However, histochemical staining for acid phosphatase, a predominant lysozomal enzyme, revealed that almost all macrophages showed strong enzyme activity in the normally discharged placentas, whereas in retained placenta the activity of acid phosphatase was conspicuously decreased in intensity. These results indicate that there are functional differences in placental macrophages between normal and retained placenta. 相似文献
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A survey was conducted from July 1978 to June 1982 in six French regions with farmers and practising veterinarians (79 herds were surveyed for two to four years). Two groups of dairy herds were made up according to their placental retention incidence rate (PRI). The first group included the 10% of the herd-years with the highest PRI (PR + group, n = 24); the second one included the 24 herd-years with the lowest PRI that also matched according to the region and the period.
The data concerned: number of feeding days for 13 feedstuffs given to cows during the dry period, six periparturient disease incidences, milk yield, calving number and herd size. Data were retrieved from a database and analysed using barycentric discriminant analysis to find the variables discriminating PR− and PR+ herds.
PR+ herds were characterised by a shorter duration of concentrates and a longer one of grass silage feeding compared with PR− herds. These two variables explained 62.7% of the variation. The remaining 22 variables each explained less than 10% of the variation. A high linolenic/linoleic acids ratio in diets, including grass silage without concentrates offered to dry cows, could result in a lack of PgF2 and explain the high PRI in PR+ herds. Such diets could also lead to placental retention through energy deficiency. The relevance of these factors to the etiology of placental retention is discussed. 相似文献
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Ellen Bronson Sharon L Deem Carlos Sanchez Suzan Murray 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2005,36(4):716-718
A 4-yr-old female golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia) had placental retention after delivery of a stillborn fetus. Conservative therapy with oxytocin and dinoprost tromethamine did not result in placental expulsion and ovariohysterectomy was performed. Placental retention is a rare condition in humans and has not been well documented in non-human primates. 相似文献
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Furukawa S Hayashi S Usuda K Abe M Hagio S Ogawa I 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2011,24(2):95-111
The placenta grows rapidly for a short period with high blood flow during pregnancy and has multifaceted functions, such as its barrier function, nutritional transport, drug metabolizing activity and endocrine action. Consequently, the placenta is a highly susceptible target organ for drug- or chemical-induced adverse effects, and many placenta-toxic agents have been reported. However, histopathological examination of the placenta is not generally performed, and the placental toxicity index is only the placental weight change in rat reproductive toxicity studies. The placental cells originate from the trophectoderm of the embryo and the endometrium of the dam, proliferate and differentiate into a variety of tissues with interaction each other according to the development sequence, resulting in formation of a placenta. Therefore, drug- or chemical-induced placental lesions show various histopathological features depending on the toxicants and the exposure period, and the pathogenesis of placental toxicity is complicated. Placental weight assessment appears not to be enough to evaluate placental toxicity, and reproductive toxicity studies should pay more attention to histopathological evaluation of placental tissue. The detailed histopathological approaches to investigation of the pathogenesis of placental toxicity are considered to provide an important tool for understanding the mechanism of teratogenicity and developmental toxicity with embryo lethality, and could benefit reproductive toxicity studies. 相似文献
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为研究不同产羔数西农萨能山羊胎盘性状的差异,本实验共收集73只(单羔24只;双羔42只;三羔7只)正常分娩的西农萨能奶山羊母羊胎盘,分析比较不同产羔数的胎盘效率(初生窝重与胎盘质量之比)、子叶承载效率(初生窝重与子叶总面积之比)、子叶密度(子叶总数与胎盘质量之比)、子叶面积等性状和子叶组织学结构与母羊繁殖性能之间的关系。结果表明:随产羔数增加,西农萨能山羊胎盘质量呈极显著增加;多羔组胎盘子叶总数、子叶总面积和子叶承载效率显著高于单羔组;组织学结构分析发现,胎盘子叶滋养层细胞数量、毛细血管数量及密度也随着产羔数增加而增加。因此,胎盘质量、子叶总数和子叶总面积等性状可能是高繁殖力母羊的选择指标之一。 相似文献