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结合多尺度纹理特征的高光谱影像面向对象树种分类 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
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以萨尔图油田萨尔图、葡萄花、高台子油层为研究对象,运用测井、地震资料识别小断层,分析小断层的力学形成机制,研究"一井多断"小断层的分布特征,为油田开发提供指导。研究表明:小断层处地震反射波同相轴发生细微错开、分叉、合并等现象;裂缝的产生是形成断层的前提和基础,小断层的形成受构造应力和岩体力学因素影响;小断层内各断点间距离相差不大,小断层在纵向上断距的相差较小;小断层在平面上主要分布于断层带的内部和边部,呈成带性;纵向上与大断层成组出现,呈派生性;构造应力是小断层形成的主要因素。 相似文献
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农田土壤重金属空间变异多尺度分析——以北京顺义土壤Cd为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了揭示土壤重金属的空间分异性及其空间结构特征,对2007年北京市顺义区农田土壤采样数据中Cd含量进行多尺度分析,采用半方差分析法和尺度方差分析法定量刻画了土壤Cd空间变异的空间等级结构和特征尺度。结果表明:顺义区土壤Cd含量的变异系数为44.9%,达到中等强度变异,土壤Cd含量具有较强的空间自相关性,且存在空间多尺度结构,3.5、9.6 km左右为土壤Cd的两个特征尺度,其在小尺度上受土地利用强度的影响,大尺度上主要受土壤类型的影响。多尺度分析方法可定量化解析农田土壤重金属空间变异,有效识别不同尺度上的主导因素。 相似文献
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为对不同农用大棚类型信息进行识别分类和精细化提取,以内蒙古河套灌区不同大棚类型为研究对象,基于Sentinel-2A卫星数据,采用面向对象结合多层多尺度分割技术和阈值分类方法,对大棚类型信息进行提取并对最终提取结果展开精度评价和分析研究。首先利用尺度参数估计（Estimation of Scale Parameter2, ESP2）方法进行了分层分割并优选出最佳分割尺度,在各层最优分割尺度上进行光谱、指数、几何、纹理等特征的提取与优化,获取最优特征组合;然后运用多层多尺度分割阈值分类方法提取不同大棚类型信息。结果表明不同大棚类型信息总体精度达94.8%,kappa系数达0.93。其中：塑料大棚的制图精度和用户精度分别为95.3%和96.6%;单屋面温室大棚制图精度和用户精度分别为88.5%和92.6%。基于多层多尺度分割分类的信息提取方法分别考虑了不同地物最优分割尺度,在不同地物各自的最优分割尺度上提取其信息,以抑制过度分割或亚分割现象,从而降低错分或漏分。因此,高分辨率卫星数据与面向对象多层多尺度分割分类的信息提取方法能够有效提高大棚类型信息提取精度,且能为地物信息精细提取技术体系提供一定参考思路。 相似文献
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【目的】在水稻生产过程中,针对不同虫害需要采用不同的防治方案,水稻害虫的准确识别分类是制定针对性防治方案的前提。【方法】采用深度学习结合机器视觉的方法,基于Res2Net结构提出了一种多尺度特征提取的深度残差网络,通过准确地提取害虫特征实现复杂自然背景下的水稻害虫识别;采用改进的残差结构,使用等级制的类残差连接取代了原本的3×3卷积核,增加了每个网络层的感受野,可以更细粒度地提取多尺度特征。【结果】本网络训练的模型能够有效地识别自然背景下的水稻害虫,在自建的包含22类常见水稻害虫的图像数据集上,平均识别准确率达到了92.023%,优于传统的ResNet、VGG等网络。【结论】本文提出的模型可应用于水稻虫情自动监测系统,为实现水稻害虫虫情的机器视觉监测提供参考。 相似文献
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为探究地面高光谱遥感监测不同光谱尺度对水稻重金属胁迫区分度,以不同污染水平地面ASD高光谱数据为基础,通过光谱敏感特征优选确定450～900 nm为水稻重金属胁迫敏感波段,利用DB5小波变换产生的多尺度小波特征系数模拟不同光谱分辨率,结合小波参数的信息熵特征和分形维数特征,对水稻重金属胁迫特征光谱尺度进行识别,通过构建胁迫相关的叶绿素光谱指数 MCARI/OSAVI、NDSI_R、Depth验证所识别的特征尺度的可靠性和精准性。结果表明：①小波分解各尺度细节系数计算出的信息熵在分解的5～7尺度附近不同胁迫水平有明显的特征转折点;②随着分解尺度的增加,不同胁迫水平的分维数差异值变小,第5尺度是水稻受不同重金属胁迫8层尺度分解和重构下光谱曲线尺度的最明显的转折点,在尺度5下,光谱曲线的峰谷细节得到更好的反映; ③研究水稻重金属污染光谱特征尺度既保留光谱信息的主要特征,又最大程度的减少了光谱数据量,不仅提高了水稻重金属污染监测的效率而且为环境监测提供了新的手段。 相似文献
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为探究地面高光谱遥感监测不同光谱尺度对水稻重金属胁迫区分度,以不同污染水平地面ASD高光谱数据为基础,通过光谱敏感特征优选确定450～900 nm为水稻重金属胁迫敏感波段,利用DB5小波变换产生的多尺度小波特征系数模拟不同光谱分辨率,结合小波参数的信息熵特征和分形维数特征,对水稻重金属胁迫特征光谱尺度进行识别,通过构建胁迫相关的叶绿素光谱指数 MCARI/OSAVI、NDSI_R、Depth验证所识别的特征尺度的可靠性和精准性。结果表明：①小波分解各尺度细节系数计算出的信息熵在分解的5～7尺度附近不同胁迫水平有明显的特征转折点;②随着分解尺度的增加,不同胁迫水平的分维数差异值变小,第5尺度是水稻受不同重金属胁迫8层尺度分解和重构下光谱曲线尺度的最明显的转折点,在尺度5下,光谱曲线的峰谷细节得到更好的反映; ③研究水稻重金属污染光谱特征尺度既保留光谱信息的主要特征,又最大程度的减少了光谱数据量,不仅提高了水稻重金属污染监测的效率而且为环境监测提供了新的手段。 相似文献
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针对当前树叶识别算法缺乏足够的鲁棒性和可区分度,提出一种双尺度分解和模糊熵测量的特征选择算法。首先采用自适应提升小波(ALW)和不同尺度高斯滤波的双尺度算法,然后根据中心对称的局部二进制描述算子(CS-LBP)提取形状和纹理特征,最后由模糊熵测量法(FESM)重新分配各个尺度的比例。实验结果说明算法具有较高的识别率和噪声容忍度。 相似文献
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农田土壤重金属空间变异多尺度研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《江苏农业科学》2018,(23)
土壤重金属的特征尺度是确定适宜采样尺度的重要参考依据。采用尺度方差分析方法,并辅以半方差函数,对北京市顺义区农田土壤中砷(As)含量的空间异质性进行多尺度分析,其中半方差函数分析了土壤As含量的空间等级结构,尺度方差则识别了土壤As含量空间变异的特征尺度。结果表明:研究区内土壤中As含量具有较强的空间自相关性,存在空间多尺度结构。2. 4、9. 6 km左右为土壤As含量的特征尺度。在2. 4 km尺度上,土地利用、河流以及畜禽养殖对土壤As含量的空间异质性影响较大;在9. 6 km尺度上,土壤As含量的空间异质性受控于土壤质地等自然因素影响。 相似文献
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电梯故障时,具有故障特征提取困难和故障类型识别率低的问题。因此,拟提取其振动信号并进行分析,找到故障特征。然而,鉴于其振动信号为非平稳、非高斯且背景噪声较大的信号,给有效辨识造成很大困难,所以,提出应用最优小波包分解和最小二乘支持向量机相结合进行电梯智能故障诊断的方法。借助最优小波包理论,首先提取电梯故障振动信号的能量分布;然后将其能量分布与时域指标相结合,构造故障特征向量;最后,将故障特征向量作为粒子群算法优化最小二乘支持向量机的输入对电梯故障类型进行识别。仿真结果表明,最优小波包理论与最小二乘支持向量机相结合的故障诊断技术发挥了两者的优势,证明了该方法的有效性和实用性。 相似文献
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通过对自主移动农用机器人运行过程数据序列的统计辨识,逐步累积故障识别能力,建立有效的故障诊断体系。运用时间序列分析法对正常和故障情况下导航系统中定位部件GPS输出随机信号进行分析,得到判断GPS性能故障的方法。建立GPS随机漂移数学模型AR(p)模型,并采用K-L(Kullback-Leibler)信息测度检测法构造相应的信息距离差别函数进行系统状态检测。利用该时序分析法能够有效地检测出系统故障。 相似文献
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Kerr RA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1987,235(4785):165-166
Seismologists attending last month's meeting of the American Geophysical Union in San Francisco heard much about how the irregularities on faults control their behavior and thus the generation of earthquakes. The identification of small crucial areas of a fault, such as the strong spot where a rupture can begin or the fault jog where it can end, is proving a challenge, but it also offers one of the best hopes of understanding and predicting fault behavior. 相似文献
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《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1994,266(5184):389-397
The most costly American earthquake since 1906 struck Los Angeles on 17 January 1994. The magnitude 6.7 Northridge earthquake resulted from more than 3 meters of reverse slip on a 15-kilometer-long south-dipping thrust fault that raised the Santa Susana mountains by as much as 70 centimeters. The fault appears to be truncated by the fault that broke in the 1971 San Fernando earthquake at a depth of 8 kilometers. Of these two events, the Northridge earthquake caused many times more damage, primarily because its causative fault is directly under the city. Many types of structures were damaged, but the fracture of welds in steel-frame buildings was the greatest surprise. The Northridge earthquake emphasizes the hazard posed to Los Angeles by concealed thrust faults and the potential for strong ground shaking in moderate earthquakes. 相似文献
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Plafker G 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1976,193(4259):1201-1208
The locations of surface ruptures and the main shock epicenter indicate that the disastrous Guatemala earthquake of 4 February 1976 was tectonic in origin and generated mainly by slip on the Motagua fault, which has an arcuate roughly east-west trend across central Guatemala. Fault breakage was observed for 230 km. Displacement is predominantly horizontal and sinistral with a maximum measured offset of 340 cm and an average of about 100 cm. Secondary fault breaks trending roughly north-northeast to south-southwest have been found in a zone about 20 km long and 8 km wide extending from the western suburbs of Guatemala City to near Mixco, and similar faults with more subtle surface expression probably occur elsewhere in the Guatemalan Highlands. Displacements on the secondary faults are predominantly extensional and dip-slip, with as much as 15 cm vertical offset on a single fracture. The primary fault that broke during the earthquake involved roughly 10 percent of the length of the great transform fault system that defines the boundary between the Caribbean and North American plates. The observed sinistral displacement is striking confirmation of deductions regarding the late Cenozoic relative motion between these two crustal plates that were based largely on indirect geologic and geophysical evidence. The earthquake-related secondary faulting, together with the complex pattern of geologically young normal faults that occur in the Guatemalan Highlands and elsewhere in western Central America, suggest that the eastern wedge-shaped part of the Caribbean plate, roughly between the Motagua fault system and the volcanic arc, is being pulled apart in tension and left behind as the main mass of the plate moves relatively eastward. Because of their proximity to areas of high population density, shallow-focus earthquakes that originate on the Motagua fault system, on the system of predominantly extensional faults within the western part of the Caribbean plate, and in association with volcanism may pose a more serious seismic hazard than the more numerous (but generally more distant) earthquakes that are generated in the eastward-dipping subduction zone beneath Middle America. 相似文献
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Oblique motion along tectonic boundaries is commonly partitioned into slip on faults with different senses of motion. The origin of slip partitioning is important to structural geology, tectonophysics, and earthquake mechanics. Partitioning can be explained by the upward elastoplastic propagation of oblique slip from a fault or shear zone at depth. The strain field ahead of the propagating fault separates into zones of predominantly normal, reverse, and strike-slip faulting. The model successfully predicts the distribution of fault types along parts of the San Andreas and Haiyuan faults. 相似文献
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Berryman KR Cochran UA Clark KJ Biasi GP Langridge RM Villamor P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6089):1690-1693
The scarcity of long geological records of major earthquakes, on different types of faults, makes testing hypotheses of regular versus random or clustered earthquake recurrence behavior difficult. We provide a fault-proximal major earthquake record spanning 8000 years on the strike-slip Alpine Fault in New Zealand. Cyclic stratigraphy at Hokuri Creek suggests that the fault ruptured to the surface 24 times, and event ages yield a 0.33 coefficient of variation in recurrence interval. We associate this near-regular earthquake recurrence with a geometrically simple strike-slip fault, with high slip rate, accommodating a high proportion of plate boundary motion that works in isolation from other faults. We propose that it is valid to apply time-dependent earthquake recurrence models for seismic hazard estimation to similar faults worldwide. 相似文献
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Reduction of permeability in granite at elevated temperatures 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The addition of hydrothermal fluids to heated, intact granite leads to permeability reductions in the temperature range of 300 degrees to 500 degrees C, with the rate of change generally increasing with increasing temperature. The addition of gouge enhances the rate of permeability reduction because of the greater reactivity of the fine material. Flow rate is initially high in a throughgoing fracture but eventually drops to the level of intact granite. These results support the fault-valve model for the development of mesothermal ore deposits, in which seals are formed at the base of the seismogenic zone of high-angle thrust faults. The lower temperature results yield varying estimates of mineral-sealing rates at shallower depths in fault zones, although they generally support the hypothesis that such seals develop in less time than the recurrence interval for moderate to large earthquakes on the San Andreas fault. 相似文献
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船用柴油机故障诊断系统可以提高轮机工作人员的管理水平,达到快速分析、准确判断及迅速排除故障。它以船用柴油机典型故障为基础,应用Visual FoxPro数据库管理系统建立船用柴油机故障诊断系统。通过柴油机拉缸故障典型实例来具体说明该系统的使用方法和特点。该系统具有可修改、插入和删除等功能,以友好的用户界面和易于操作等特点,实现船用柴油机典型故障的快速诊断。该文的创新点是将船员具有的故障处理的经验及知识作为专家系统,供其他船员的学习,以便准确、快速地处理柴油机的故障。 相似文献