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1.
To investigate sound characteristics of PU-Nanoweb (NW) and PTFE film (PTFE) laminated vapor permeable water repellent fabrics,
their frictional sounds by walking, jogging, and running speeds were recorded and sound characteristics such as SPL, loudness
(Z), sharpness (Z), roughness (Z), and fluctuation strength (Z) were calculated. Mechanical properties were measured by KES-FB
system. SPL and fluctuation strength (Z) were significantly increased by increasing speed. Roughness (Z) was generated to
be the highest by jogging and running speeds. However, sharpness (Z) was decreased by increasing speeds. NW had significantly
lower SPL, loudness (Z), but had higher roughness (Z) than PTFE. NW significantly had less B (bending rigidity), G (shear
stiffness), WC (compressional energy), and W (weight). These distinctions influenced the sound characteristics to have the
different sound between NW and PTFE. The sound would be low by controlling the mechanical properties and laminated nanoweb
and film conditions. The crucial factors were RC and laminated nanoweb and film weight to minimize SPL and loudness (Z) of
NW and PTFE at all speeds. 相似文献
2.
This paper proposes a new model capable of predicting frictional sounds of woven fabrics, knitted fabrics and vapor permeable
water repellent fabrics by measuring the relationships between their sound parameters and mechanical properties. We conducted
an experiment in which fabric frictional sounds were recorded and analyzed. A total of 217 specimens consisting of woven fabrics,
knitted fabrics, and vapor permeable water repellent fabrics were sampled, and their frictional sounds recorded using a Sound
Quality System. Sound parameters of fabrics including SPL (Sound Pressure Level), Loudness (Z), Sharpness (Z), and mechanical
properties by Kawabata Evaluation System (KES) were obtained. The relation between sound parameters and mechanical properties
were analyzed by multiple regressions. Specimens were divided into 3 clusters using mechanical properties selected by stepwise
selection method, and the mechanical properties of each cluster were investigated. Specimens were classified into clusters
having high level of SPL and Loudness (Z), high level of Sharpness (Z), and middle level of Loudness (Z) and Sharpness (Z),
which means that sound parameters are well verified by mechanical properties of the specimens. Mechanical properties relevant
to each sound parameter were mapped on two dimensional spaces by integrated graphical presentation. SPL showed high positive
correlation coefficients with MMD and LT. Loudness (Z) was well predicted by 2HG5 and Sharpness (Z) by MIU. 相似文献
3.
To investigate the sound properties by low-speed frictions (0.2 m/s and 0.5 m/s) which occur when two fabrics are rubbed by
wearer’s slow movement, six specimens are selected by cluster analysis among seventy-one vapor permeable water repellent fabrics
for outdoor sportswear. Their sound spectra are obtained from the FFT analysis. Physical sound properties (LPT, ΔL, Δf) and Zwicker’s psychoacoustic parameters-loudness(Z), sharpness(Z), roughness(Z), and fluctuation strength(Z)-are calculated
from the sound spectra. Mechanical properties of the fabrics are measured with the KES-FB system. The amplitudes of the sound
spectra of all the specimens at 0.5 m/s are higher than those at 0.2 m/s throughout the entire range of frequencies. As the
frictional speed changed from 0.2 m/s to 0.5 m/s, the LPT increases about 16 dB, and the loudness(Z) and fluctuation strength(Z)
increase about 3 times and 2 times, respectively. The SMD and Weight at the two low frictional speeds are the important factors
which affect the sound properties of vapor permeable water repellent fabrics. 相似文献
4.
A short audible distance for the rustling sound of combat uniform fabric helps to reduce soldiers’ exposure to the enemy forces. The objectives of this study were to evaluate mechanical properties and sound characteristics of combat uniform fabrics, to investigate their influence on audible distance at which fabric’s rustling sound can be reached to human ear, and to establish prediction models for audible distance using mechanical and psychoacoustic parameters. Six types of combat uniform fabrics were used as test specimen. Mechanical properties of the specimens were measured according to the KES-FB system and the acoustic characteristics of the fabrics were analyzed by the Sound Quality System. Audible distances of the fabric sounds were assessed by 30 male soldiers. The audible distances were determined by the distance of which the participants walked away from a starting point in a straight line until they could not hear the sound. Water repellent finished fabric (W-WR), which showed the highest values of bending rigidity, shear stiffness, sound pressure level, loudness(Z) and sharpness(Z) among all fabrics, had the longist audible distance. Fabric for summer season (W-S) had the shortest audible distance in all frictional speed levels, which indicates the best auditory camouflage performance. Coefficient of friction was chosen as the variable affecting loudness(Z) of fabric sounds. Loudness(Z) was finally chosen as the prediction parameter for the audible distance by path analysis. 相似文献
5.
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of frictional sound of Korean combat uniform fabrics on the human responses of ANS and to relate them to the mechanical properties of fabrics in order to find out the way to reduce frictional sound of combat uniform fabrics. Three different frictional sounds of combat uniform fabrics were selected by cluster analysis and their sound characteristics were calculated using Sound Quality System. Ten participants’ ANS responses such as heart rate (HR), the ratio of LF/HF, skin conductance level (SCL), and pulse volume (PV) were measured during presenting the frictional sound as stimuli. Mechanical properties were measured by KES-FB system. Response differences (ANS responses after stimuli — those before stimuli) of HR and LF/HF significantly were positive to all of the fabric sounds, while the differences of pulse volume (PV) were negative. This phenomenon explains that sympathetic nerve system of all participants stimulated and they might feel nervous or bad with the frictional sound of fabric. WC, MMD, SMD and weight of fabric were negatively correlated with ANS, but RT, B and RC were positively correlated. They appeared to be influential factors affecting ANS responses. 相似文献
6.
The purpose of this study is to offer acoustical database of warp knitted fabrics by investigating frictional sound properties
and physiological responses according to structural parameters such as construction, lap form, and direction of mutual guide
bar movement. Fabric sounds of seven warp knitted fabrics are recorded, and Zwicker’s psychoacoustic parameters — loudness(Z),
sharpness(Z), roughness(Z), and fluctuation strength(Z) — are calculated. Also, physiological responses evoked by frictional
sounds of warp knitted fabrics are measured such as electroencephalogram (EEG), the ratio of high frequency to low frequency
(HF/LF), respiration rate (RESP), skin conductance level (SCL), and photoplethysmograph (PPG). In case of constructions, frictional
sound of sharkskin having higher loudness(Z) and fluctuation strength(Z) increases RESP. By lap form, open lap has louder
and larger fluctuating sound than closed lap, but there aren’t significant difference of physiological responses between open
lap and closed lap. In direction of mutual guide bar movement, parallel direction evokes bigger changes of beta wave than
counter direction because of its loud, rough, and fluctuating sound. Fluctuation strength(Z) and roughness(Z) are defined
as important factors for predicting physiological responses in construction and mutual guide bar movement, respectively. 相似文献
7.
The objectives of this study were to investigate physiological and psychological responses to the rustling sound of Korean
traditional silk fabrics and to figure out objective measurements such as sound parameters and mechanical properties determining
the human responses. Five different traditional silk fabrics were selected by cluster analysis and their sound characteristics
were observed in terms of FFT spectra and some calculated sound parameters including level pressure of total sound (LPT),
Zwicker’s psychoacoustic parameters — loudness(Z), sharpness(Z), roughness(Z), and fluctuation strength(Z), and sound color
factors such as ΔL and Δf. As physiological signals, the ratio of low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF) from the power spectrum
of heart rate variability, pulse volume (PV), heart rate (HR), and skin conductance level (SCL) evoked by the fabric sounds
were measured from thirty participants. Also, seven aspects of psychological state including softness, loudness, sharpness,
roughness, clearness, highness, and pleasantness were evaluated when each sound was presented. The traditional silk fabric
sounds were likely to be felt as soft and pleasant rather than clear and high, which seemed to evoke less change of both LF/HF
and SCL indicating a negative sensation than other fabrics previously reported. As fluctuation strength(Z) were higher and
bending rigidity (B) values lower, the fabrics tended to be perceived as sounding softer, which resulted in increase of PV
changes. The higher LPT was concerned with higher rating for subjective loudness so that HR was more increased. Also, compression
linearity (LC) affected subjective pleasantness positively, which caused less changes of HR. Therefore, we concluded that
such objective measurements as LPT, fluctuation strength(Z), bending rigidity (B), and compression linearity (LC) were significant
factors affecting physiological and psychological responses to the sounds of Korean traditional silk fabrics. 相似文献
8.
Yi-Jun Pan Ching-Wen Lou Chien-Teng Hsieh Chen-Hung Huang Zheng-Ian Lin Che-Wei Li Jia-Horng Lin 《Fibers and Polymers》2016,17(5):789-794
In the first stage, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers and Kevlar fibers are combined at a blending ratio of 80/ 20 wt% in order to form PET/Kevlar nonwoven fabrics. Two pieces of PET/Kevlar nonwoven fabrics that enclose a carbonfiber (CF) interlayer are then needle punched in order to form PET/Kevlar/CF (PKC) composites. In the second stage, the sandwiches compose PKC composites as the top and the bottom layers, as well as an interlayer that is composed of a spacer fabric and polyurethane (PU) foam. PU foams have different densities of 200, 210, 220, 230, and 240 kg/m3. These resulting nonwoven fabric/spacer fabric/PU foam sandwiches are then tested using a drop-weight impact test, a compression test, a bursting strength test, a sound absorption test, and a horizontal burning test. The test results indicate that the optimal properties of sandwiches occur with their corresponding PU foam density as follows: an optimal residual stress (240 kg/m3), an optimal compressive strength (240 kg/m3), and an optimal bursting strength (220 kg/m3). In addition, the sandwiches reach the HF1 level according to the horizontal burning test results. They also have an average electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of -48 dB, as well as a sound absorption coefficient of 0.5 in a frequency between 1500-2500 Hz, which indicates a satisfactory sound absorption effect. The nonwoven fabric/spacer fabric/PU foam sandwiches proposed in this study are mechanically strong, sound absorbent, and fire retardant, and can be used in construction material and electromagnetic shielding composites. 相似文献
9.
The purpose of this study was to classify various fabrics into some meaningful groups and to predict the fabrics’ acoustic characteristics using their mechanical properties. Two hundred seventeen fabrics, fifty one knitted fabrics, fifty nine woven fabrics and one hundred and seven vapor permeable water repellent fabrics, were used as test specimen. Fabric frictional sounds of the specimen were measured with a MAFN(Measuring Apparatus for Fabric Noise, Patent: No, 2001-73360). Sound Pressure Level(SPL), psychoacoustic parameters such as Loudness(z) and Sharpness(z) of the specimen were obtained by the sound quality system. KES-FB system was used for mechanical property measurements. Cluster analysis was used to classify the specimen and discriminant analysis was used to predict the clusters. Linear regression analysis was used to suggest the equations to predict the acoustic properties using mechanical properties. 相似文献
10.
Eunjou Yi 《Fibers and Polymers》2005,6(3):269-276
In this study, cross-cultural comparison of sound sensation for Korean traditional silk fabrics between Korea and America
was performed and prediction models for sound sensation by objective measurements including sound parameters such as level
pressure of total sound (LPT), Zwicker’s psychoacoustic characteristics, and mechanical properties by Kawabata Evaluation
System were established for each nation to explore the objective parameters explaining sound sensation of the Korean traditional
silk. As results, Koreans felt the silk fabric sounds soft and smooth while Americans were revealed as perceiving them hard
and rough. Both Koreans and Americans were pleasant with sounds of Gongdan and Newttong and especially Newttong was preferred
more by Americans in terms of sound sensation. In prediction models, some of subjective sensation were found as being related
mainly with mechanical properties of traditional silk fabrics such as surface and compressional characteristics. 相似文献
11.
The effect of cashmere yarn twist, knitted fabric density, and cashmere properties on pilling rates of cashmere knitted fabric
is investigated in this paper. The experimental results show that yarn twist and fabric density have little influence on pilling
rates of cashmere knitted fabric for yarn 38.4 tex/2 when yarn twist varies from 234 T/m to 272 T/m, and the fabric density
is 9.7, 10.7, and 11.2 yarns/inch, respectively. The length of cashmere fiber, in particular less than 7.5 mm, is responsible
for the pilling rates of cashmere knitted fabric based on optimal scaling regression analysis. 相似文献
12.
Low temperature plasma (LTP) treatment was applied to wool fabric with the use of a non-polymerizing gas, namely oxygen. After
the LTP treatment, the fabric properties including low-stress mechanical properties, air permeability and thermal properties,
were evaluated. The low-stress mechanical properties were evaluated by means of Kawabata Evaluation System Fabric (KES-F)
revealing that the tensile, shearing, bending, compression and surface properties were altered after the LTP treatment. The
changes in these properties are believed to be related closely to the inter-fiber and inter-yarn frictional force induced
by the LTP. The decrease in the air permeability of the LTP-treated wool fabric was found to be probably due to the plasma
action effect on increasing in the fabric thickness and a change in fabric surface morphology. The change in the thermal properties
of the LTP-treated wool fabric was in good agreement with the above findings and can be attributed to the amount of air trapped
between the yarns and fibers. This study suggested that the LTP treatment can influence the final properties of the wool fabric. 相似文献
13.
Electrical conductivity is an important property of electroless nickel plated fabric. The optimized electroless nickel plating method can provide useful information for textile industries to obtain optimum surface resistance and stable plating. In this study, a screening experiment with factorial design and response surface method (RSM) with central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the electroless nickel plating on polyester fabric. A two-level full factorial design (FFD) was used to determine the effects of five factors, i.e. the concentrations of nickel sulfate, sodium hypophosphite and sodium citrate, pH and temperature of the plating solution on surface resistance of the electroless nickel plated fabric. It is found that the nickel sulfate concentration and temperature of the plating solution are the most significant variables affecting the surface resistance of electroless nickel plated fabric. The optimum operating condition is finally obtained by using a desirability function. The test for reliability for predicting response surface equations shows that these equations give an excellent fitting to the observed values. In addition, the deposit composition, surface morphology, crystal structure and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) were studied. The EMI SE of the nickel plated polyester fabric obtained under the optimal condition is about 60 dB at the frequency ranging from 2 to 18 GHz. 相似文献
14.
Mengnan Qu Lingang Hou Jinmei He Juan Feng Shanshan Liu Yali Yao 《Fibers and Polymers》2016,17(12):2062-2068
A durable superhydrophobic fabric with oil/water separation property has been successfully prepared by introducing the modified silica nanoparticles and polysiloxane. The as-prepared fabric shows liquid repellency not only to water but also to coffee, milk and tea droplets, which are normal in daily life. Furthermore, the treated fabric shows simultaneous superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity, which could be utilized as materials to separate oil/water mixture with high efficiency. It is important to note that the obtained fabric kept stable superhydrophobicity even after it suffered severe friction damage. The surface morphologies of untreated/treated fabrics were characterized by the scanning electron microscopy. The chemical compositions were characterized by X-ray photoelectric energy spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrum. This functionalized fabric will be helpful for developing superhydrophobic and selective oil adsorption materials. 相似文献
15.
In order to investigate the effects of cross-sectional shapes on the sound characteristics of polyester fibers, 10 specimens
were woven into a twill structure made of round, hollow, triangular, u-shape, cruciform, and composite cross-sectional (▴/▴,
()/▴,Y
y) fibers. Their rustling sounds were recorded, and their sound spectra were obtained from FFT analysis. Physical sound parameters
(LPT, ΔL, Δf) and Zwicker’s psychoacoustic parameters of the loudness(Z), sharpness(Z), roughness(Z), and fluctuation strength(Z) were
calculated from the sound spectra. According to noncircular cross-section fibers, the hollow shaped fiber had the highest
value of LPT, ΔL, loudness(Z), and fluctuation strength(Z). The triangular shaped fiber had a lower value of LPT, ΔL, loudness(Z),
and roughness(Z) than those of the round shaped fiber. Among composite cross-section fibers, C1 (▴/▴) and C3 (Y
y) had higher values of LPT, ΔL, Δf, and loudness(Z) but C2 (()/▴) had lower values. Also the LPT, ΔL, sharpness(Z), and roughness(Z) values of different denier
were similar to each other, but the Δf and loudness(Z) values increased as the denier increased. 相似文献
16.
Yani Li Jianwu Lan Ronghui Guo Min Huang Kun Shi Dan Shang 《Fibers and Polymers》2013,14(10):1657-1662
In this study, electroless Ni-Fe3O4 composite plating on polyester fabric modified with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) was investigated under ultrasonic irradiation. Effects of deposit weight on microstructure and properties of Ni-Fe3O4 composite coating were studied. Surface morphology, chemical composition and state, crystal structure of the electroless Ni-Fe3O4 composite plated polyester fabric were characterized by SEM, EDX, XPS and XRD. Magnetic properties, electrical resistivity and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) of Ni-Fe3O4 plated polyester fabric were also evaluated. The presence of co-deposition of Fe3O4 in Ni coating on the polyester fabric is demonstrated by an XPS analysis. At a higher deposit weight, there is an increase in particle size and saturation magnetization, and a decrease in electrical resistivity with respect to the rise of deposit weight, respectively. As the Ni-Fe3O4 weight on the treated fabric is 32.90 g/m2, the EMI SE of the Ni-Fe3O4 plated polyester fabric arrives 15–20 dB at frequencies that range from 8 to 18 GHz. The results indicate the Ni-Fe3O4 plated polyester fabrics are used as super-paramagnetic, conductive and EMI shielding materials. 相似文献
17.
In this study, a local ventilation rates (VR) measuring system based on stead-state method was developed. This system can measure the local VR of the right arm, the left arm, the chest and the back locations of the upper body garment simultaneously. The whole clothing VR can also be computed. To study the influence of fabric permeability, clothing sizes, hem opening, and wind on local VR of the right arm, the chest and the back of the working garments, 9 jackets with different sizes and fabric permeability (permeable, semi-permeable and impermeable) were made. The results showed that the local VR for each garment location were significantly different. The chest had the largest local VR. Clothing ventilation rates were not liner with garment sizes. Closing garment bottom decreased more air exchange for chest and back comparatively. Wind increased both local and whole VR significantly. But the impacts were different according to different locations. 相似文献
18.
Laser treatment is one of the technologies which are able to eliminate all the adverse effects on the environment caused by
chemical treatment commonly used in textile finishing. In this research, we investigated the use of laser treatment for the
purpose of wool felting shrinkage control, and compared its effectiveness with that of the traditional chlorination treatment
method. The wool fabric was exposed to an industrial laser at two different power levels and two sweep speeds. We found that
upon selecting the appropriate treatment parameters, the laser treatment is effective in reducing felting shrinkage of wool
fiber by its etching effects on the scales of the wool fiber as shown by the scanning electron micrographs. Too high energy
exposure of the wool fiber by laser radiation causes excessive fabric strength loss. We also found that the laser-treated
wool has felting shrinkage reduction similar to that treated using the traditional chlorination procedure. The laser technology
presents an alternative wool processing method to replace the tradition chlorine treatment method. If this technology can
be applied to wool felting-proof finishing on a commercial scale, it will significantly benefit the environment by completely
elaminating the harzardous chlorine compounds currently by the industry. 相似文献
19.
In order to investigate the relationship between subjective sensation for fabric sound and touch and the objective measurements,
eight different apparel fabrics were selected as specimens. Sound parameters of fabrics including level pressure of total
sound (LPT), level range (ΔL), and frequency differences (Δf) and mechanical properties by Kawabata Evaluation System (KES) were obtained. For subjective evaluation, seven aspects of
the sound (softness, loudness, pleasantness, sharpness, clearness, roughness, and highness) and eight of the touch (hardness,
smoothness, fineness, coolness, pliability, crispness, heaviness, and thickness) were rated using semantic differential scale.
Polyester ultrasuede was evaluated to sound softer and more pleasant while polyester taffeta to sound louder and rougher than
any other fabrics. Wool fabrics such as worsted and woolen showed similar sensation for sound but differed in some touch sensation
in that woolen was coarsest, heaviest, and thickest in touch. In the prediction model for sound sensation, LPT affected postively
subjective roughness and highness as well as loudness, whileΔL was found as a parameter related positively with softness and pleasantness. Touch sensation was explained by some of mechanical
properties such as surface, compressional, shear, and bending properties implying that a touch sensation could be expressed
by a variety of properties. 相似文献
20.
Cheunsoon Ahn Hye-Ja Yoo Hye Ja Lee Jung Hee Kim Kyung-Hun Song Jeon Sook Rhie 《Fibers and Polymers》2005,6(1):28-34
The purpose of the research was to examine the effect of three different levels of enzyme treatment on the physical characteristics
and the end-use suitability of the lyocell fabrics made with four different types of commercial wood pulp. The appropriate
enzyme concentration for obtaining an optimum as well as consistent physical characteristics and fabric hand trait was 3 g/l for the concentration levels tested in the present investigation. Weight loss was more affected by higher enzyme concentration
than other physical properties. H2 was least affected by enzyme treatment for all three physical properties and fabric hand.
5 g/l concentration exhibited little difference from 3 g/l in the physical characteristics, whereas the KES-FB values indicated a significant loss of fabric hand in most PHVs with
the 5 g/l concentration level. Among different garment parameters, all four fabric types were relatively inappropriate for the men’s
slacks (MS) fabric due to the lower hand value of koshi required by the MS parameter. However, despite the relatively low
koshi values, high fukurami values required for men’s dress shirt (MWDS) resulted in the highest THV among the four garment
parmeters. The four fabric types, which represent the usage of four different wood pulps, in general seem to exhibit a higher
applicability to women’s winter thin dress (WWTD) than women’s winter suit (WWS) garment parameter. 相似文献