共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
选用中国大豆主要生态区的代表品种１２个，在南京春播通过人工光照处理，比较了各类型品种开花前和开花后光周期反应敏感性的差异。结果表明，１２ｈ短光照和吏所有品种的开花期显著提前；开花后进行短日照处理，使除早熟品种东农３６和泰兴黑豆以外的其它品种成熟期显著提前。 相似文献
2.
大豆“短青春期”品种的光（温）反应研究：Ⅱ．对短日照的反应 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
在分析“短青春期”品种对播季反应的基础上，通过比较不同品种出苗至开花数与开花至成熟天数对短日处理的反应，以进一步明确夏大豆型“短青春期”品种的光（温）敏感性特征。研究结果表明：春播条件下，开花前短光照处理，“短青春期”品种中豆24和巨丰出苗至开花天数仅缩短2－14d，敏感度较小，与春大豆型品种相似，而与典型夏大豆品种，秋大豆品种和“长青春期”品种明显不同，中豆24和巨丰的出苗至开花天数对短光照不敏感。同为“短青春期”品种的中豆24和巨丰，其开花至成熟天数对短日处理的反应有明显差异，并者与春大豆相似，而后者的开花至成熟天数的短日照敏感不仅大于复大豆，而且也大于秋大豆。生育前期对短日照不敏感的品种，其短日处理效应在生育后期表现更加明显。本文还讨论了不同品种短日处理后效应的传递特征。 相似文献
3.
大豆开花后阶段对开花前不同光照处理的反应 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
试验研究了开花前不同光照处理对大豆开花后的发育、产是必品质性状的影响。结果表明，对于供试的早熟品种来说，开花前短日处理促进成熟的作用远大于对开花的促进，地农艺性状的影响大于对发育进程的促进。前期短日处理使大豆蛋白质、脂肪含量和油酸的比例上升，而使亚油酸的比例下降。文中讨论了开花前光照后效应的作用方式和可能的机制。 相似文献
4.
开花前后的光周期处理对大豆叶片蛋白质组分的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术，分析不同时期光周期处理后大豆品种丹豆５号叶片蛋白质组分的变化，结果表明不论开花前或开花后，不同光周期处理均会使大豆叶片蛋白质组分发生变化，作者认为，大豆开花前后的光周期反应都与某些特写基因的表达有关。 相似文献
5.
通过设置不同播期和光照处理，研究了中豆33和中豆34的光周期反应特性，并与其他品种进行了比较。研究结果表明，与早、中熟夏大豆品种相比，夏播时中豆33和中豆34全生育期较短，主要是因其生殖生长期较短，但仍然有较长的营养生长期。中豆33营养生长期对短日照更敏感，而中豆34生殖生长期对短日照更敏感。 相似文献
6.
广适应大豆品种中黄13的光周期反应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
中黄13是我国目前种植面积最大的大豆品种,适宜推广范围覆盖黄淮海流域夏大豆区、北方春大豆区、南部和南方多作大豆区部分区域,表现出较强的适应能力.为分析中黄13广适应的机制,在不同光周期条件下研究中黄13开花期、成熟期等生育期性状,株高、节数、分枝数等农艺件状和蛋白质含量、脂肪含量等品质性状对光周期的反应,比较中黄13不同性状间以及中黄13与成熟期相近的品种中黄24和凤交66-12间光周期反应敏感性的差算,并分析中黄13在各级区域试验中的产量稳定性,以期为中黄13的进一步推广和广适应大豆新品种选育提供理论依据.结果表明:中黄13在短日照(12 h)、长日照(16 h)和北京自然光照条件下均能正常开花结实,生育期性状的光周期反应敏感性弱于中黄24和风交66-12.随光照长度的增加,中黄13的株制和农艺性状变化较为明显,但与中黄24和凤交66-12相比,其株高、主茎节数、分枝数、顶端花序荚数、单株有效荚数、单株粒数和单株粒重等性状的光周期反应敏感性均较弱,表现出较好的稳定性,但其蛋白质含量受光周期影响较大.综合分析光照处理和区域试验的结果,认为光周期反应相埘钝感是中黄13广适应的重要原因. 相似文献
7.
采用模拟自然光照的动态光照处理,对不同纬度不同类型大豆品种,进行了光照特性研究。结果表明:除湖南春大豆,在增加20％长光照处理,结荚至鼓粒期延迟日数,较出苗至开花期延迟日数多外,其余品种及处理的出苗至开花日数的变动最大,说明出苗至开花期,对日照反应最敏感。根据这个阶段的变化,确定吉林野生豆属短日照敏感型,湖南秋大豆、河南夏大豆属长日照敏感型,湖南春大豆属双迟钝型,河南野生豆、湖南野生豆及湖南夏大豆属双敏感型,吉林春大豆为双较迟钝型。品种对特定的光照最敏感。对日照的敏感程度不完全与纬度有关。讨论了光照反应特性与起源地的关系。 相似文献
8.
大豆"短青春期"品种的光(温)反应研究Ⅲ.对长日照的反应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在分析“短青春期”品种对播季和短日照反应的基础上，本研究通过比较不同品种出苗至开花天数与开花成熟天数对长日处理的反应，以进一步明确夏大豆型“短青春期”品种的光（温）敏感性特征。研究结果表明：春播条件下，开花前16小时长光照使“短青春期”品种中豆24种丰的出苗至开花天数分别延长19天和30天，是供试品种类型中对长日照最敏感的类型；开花前长日照处理，开花至成熟天数两个“短青春期”品种间表现差异较大，中豆24有所延长，而巨丰则有所缩短，开花前短日 开花后长日处理，中豆24和巨丰的开花至成熟天数均较春大豆明显延长，但小于秋大豆，通过30天和60天的长日照处理可以发现，长日处理结束后，中豆24和巨丰植株需分别接受7-9天和15-18天的短光照，才能开花和进入结实期，中豆24出苗至开花天数在长日下的温度敏感度高于春大豆品种，而巨丰出苗至开花天数的温度敏感度极小。 相似文献
9.
不同光周期处理对大豆开花结荚进程的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过长日照（１６ｈ光／８ｈ暗）和短日照（９ｈ光／１５ｈ暗）相互转换处理，证明大豆品种“早１２”为相对短日植物，９个短日就可完成其成花的光周期诱导过程。大豆感受光周期效应的株龄在真叶期。短日诱导处理不仅促进花序产生的速度及数量，还有利于荚的发育；长日处理的结果恰相反。 相似文献
10.
玉米和狗尾草光周期敏感性的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
光周期是影响植物生长发育的关键因素之一。玉米和狗尾草都是短日照禾本科植物,且都具有光周期敏感性。对玉米和狗尾草的光周期敏感性比较研究,探索易于研究的狗尾草光周期敏感性机理,借以解析玉米光周期敏感性反应的机理。以玉米自交系CML288、黄早四和狗尾草自交系A10为材料,研究在长日照、短日照和在不同生育时期长短日照相互挪移处理下的光周期反应。结果表明,玉米和狗尾草在长日照条件下都表现出营养生长旺盛和生育期延迟,二者在长日照条件下的光周期敏感阶段都比短日照条件下的光周期敏感阶段长;玉米在进入光周期敏感期之前有一段时间的光周期钝感期,而狗尾草从发芽出苗就直接进入光周期敏感期。两个光周期敏感程度不同的玉米自交系比较,光周期敏感自交系CML288比光周期相对不敏感自交系黄早四的光周期敏感阶段长。 相似文献
11.
12.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
13.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
14.
Whereas the concept that availability of resources drives seed production is sound in principle, it is incomplete as there are many solutions to the allocation of resources that derive from the trade-off between number and size. This paper examines evolutionary aspects of this trade-off in annual grain crops. The analysis is centred on the working hypotheses that, for a given species and environment, allocation of resources to reproduction involves (H1) high plasticity in seed number, which allows for variable resource availability, and (H2) a relatively narrow range of seed size that results from evolutionary and agronomic selection. Comparisons between crops and fish are used to highlight common evolutionary elements in taxa where parents provide little or no care to their offspring, with the consequence that both number and early survival of offspring, hence fitness of parents, are partially related to embryo size and reserves.
The plasticity of seed number in relation to availability of resources is analysed against the established relationship between offspring number and parent growth rate during critical stages. The notion that seed size is under stabilising selection is analysed against three conditions: (1) mean seed size is conservative for a given species and environment, (2) seed size affects fitness, and (3) seed size is heritable. Databases from published papers were compiled to analyse the relative variability of seed size and number, and the heritability of seed size. Evidence for and against the link between seed size and parental fitness is revised using the Smith–Fretwell model as framework (Am. Nat., 108, 499–506).
The proposal of high plasticity of seed number and narrow variability of seed size resulting from stabilising natural selection is generally consistent with evolutionary and genetic considerations. Agronomic selection may have reinforced natural selection leading to relatively narrow seed size in species such as wheat and soybean, where cultivated types retained high plasticity for seed number. In contrast, selection for one or few inflorescences in crops like sunflower and maize may have morphologically reduced seed number plasticity and increased variability of seed size and its responsiveness to resource availability in relation to their wild ancestors. 相似文献
15.
Yanhua Lu Chongwei Zhang Peter Bucheli Dongzhi Wei 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2006,61(2):55-63
Flavonoids-enriched tissues of citrus such as peel, immature fruit and flower are consumed as culinary seasonings, tea ingredients in China for centuries. This HPLC quantitative study on the five citrus flavonoids, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, sinensetin and nobiletin on a wide range of Chinese citrus fruits and several Traditional Chinese Medicinal food ingredients in East China, revealed a great diversity in flavonoid composition. Huyou peel (C. paradisi cv. Changshanhuyou) was found to be the best naringin (3.25%) and neohesperidin (2.76%) source; C. aurantium, a major ingredient of several citrus-related TCM, is also a suitable source of naringin and neohesperidin, and a good juice source for flavanone glycosides; the peel of Wenzhoumiju (C. unshiu) is one of the richest local species in hesperidin (up to 6.25%); Zaoju (C. subcompressa) has the highest content of nobiletin (0.59%), a polymethoxylated flavone. LC-ES-MS analysis of Zanthoxylum genus for flavonoids revealed for the first time the presence of significant amounts (0.74%) of hesperidin in the root of Liangmianzhen (Z. nitidum (Roxb.) DC), a relative of Sichuan pepper, which is a spice widely used in China. 相似文献
16.
Summary The viability of five pathogens was decreased by treatment with hot water when tested in vitro.Polyscytalum pustulans was most sensitive andRhizoctonia solani least sensitive.
Potato tubers were exposed to 55°C for 5 min in a commercial continuous hot water treatment plant using naturally contaminated
seed tubers and tubers which had been inoculated by dipping in comminuted cultures. The frequency of eyes colonised byP. pustulans, Helminthosporium solani, andR. solani was reduced to virtually zero and the effect persisted on tubers subsequently stored at 4°C and at 15°C for up to 16 wk.
Results withColletotrichum coccodes were inconclusive. Treatment suppressedPenicillium spp. which, however, rapidly recolonised the eyes during storage, leading to higher contamination levels in the treated than
in the untreated tubers. With tubers inoculated withPhoma foveata, good control was achieved when the incubation period before treatment was 10 d but not when the period was 42 d. 相似文献
17.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):379-400
Summary Heterocyclic 1,4-benzoxazin-3-ones and related benzox-azolinones are important natural products of the cereal crops maize, wheat and rye. Much research has focused on the role of these compounds as defensive agents against plant diseases and pests. Studies of a wide variety of biological effects on herbivores and nematodes, plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria are reviewed in this article. Phytotoxic activity of the compounds is also considered with respect to allelopathic interaction with higher plants. Recent investigations of molecular aspects of interactions of cyclic hydroxamic acids and related benzoxazo-linones with acceptor organisms have demonstrated different effective detoxification strategies and tolerance mechanisms. This research has greatly advanced our knowledge about the multiple roles that these allelochemicals play in ecological systems. 相似文献
18.
Potential of dry fractionation of wheat bran for the development of food ingredients,part I: Influence of ultra-fine grinding 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Youna Hemery Marc Chaurand Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Vieno Piironen Abdelkrim Sadoudi Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is an undervalued by-product of white flour and has great nutritional potential due to its high content in fibres and bioactive compounds. Micronized bran could be used as a food ingredient to improve the nutritional potential of cereal products, or be used as a starting material for other processes (bioactive compound extraction or bran fractionation). The aim of this work was to find a way to efficiently decrease the particle size of bran. The influence of the grinding temperature (ambient or cryogenic grinding) on the granulometric distribution of particles, their composition, and their microstructure was studied, at lab-scale and pilot-scale. It showed that the intrinsic characteristics of bran (glass transition within intermediate layers at −46 °C) had more influence on its grinding behaviour than the type of grinding device used: the particles size distributions obtained after grinding at lab-scale and pilot-scale were very similar. At both scales, the granulometric curves were narrow for cryogenic grinding, while for ambient grinding they were spread over the whole particle size range. Ultrafine particles were obtained in both ambient and cryogenic conditions. Negative temperatures, by increasing the material’s brittleness, favoured a fast fragmentation of bran: one step of cryogenic grinding allowed a median particle size of nearly 50 μm to be reached, whereas three successive steps of ambient grinding were needed for the same result. On the other hand, ambient temperature favoured the dissociation of the different constituent layers of wheat bran, and produced less composite particles than cryogenic grinding. 相似文献
19.
Multiple use of plants: Studies on selenium incorporation in some agricultural species for the production of organic selenium compounds 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The technique of spraying plants with inorganic forms of selenium can be employed for phytochemical production of organic selenium compounds. Fractionation of the plant material makes it possible to produce a highly concentrated and well defined selenium supplement with potential use in animal and human nutrition. The fractionation also gives opportunities to combine production of organic selenium compounds with other products, for example plant fibres. Multiple use of plants can contribute to a more efficient utilization of land area (in comparison to monocultures solely adapted to food production). It also gives the opportunity to develop systems suitable for long term fixation of carbon, as long as the plant material is not reoxidised to carbon dioxide. Plant fibres could provide raw material for the production of paper or building materials in combination with the production of organic selenium compounds preferentially accumulated in another fraction of the processed plant. 相似文献
20.
Summary
Macrosiphum euphorbiae, collected in the field from potato plants infected with potato leafroll virus (PLRV), transmitted the virus to fewer potato
plants in a field trial than did laboratory-rearedMyzus persicae. In the laboratory,M. persicae was the only efficient vector of PLRV fromPhysalis floridana seedlings, potato sprouts or excised leaves toP. floridana. Two clones ofM. euphorbiae and one clone ofAulacorthum solani transmitted PLRV from infected potato plants toNicotiana clevelandii as effeciently asM. persicae but a clone ofAphis gossypii was an inefficient PLRV vector. An isolate of PLRV, whichM. persicae transmitted inefficiently from potato toN. clevelandii, was also transmitted inefficiently byM. euphorbiae andA. solani. 相似文献