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1.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of desmopressin (DDAVP) administration in Doberman Pinschers with type 1 von Willebrand disease (vWD) on plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) multimers through determination of vWF collagen binding activity (vWF:CBA; a functional vWF assay dependent on the presence of high-molecular-weight [HMWI multimers), comparison of vWF antigen concentration (vWF:Ag) to vWF:CBA, and vWF multimer size distribution. ANIMALS: 16 Doberman Pinschers with type 1 vWD and 5 clinically normal control dogs. PROCEDURE: Plasma vWF:Ag and vWF:CBA assays and vWF multimer analysis were performed before and 1 hour after administration of DDAVP (1 microg/kg, SC). RESULTS: Following DDAVP administration, dogs with type 1 vWD had an increase in mean baseline values of plasma vWF:Ag and vWF:CBA from 10% to 17% for both variables. The mean vWF Ag:CBA ratio at baseline (0.95) was similar after DDAVP administration (0.97), indicating concordant increases in plasma vWF concentration and activity. In control dogs, mean plasma vWF:Ag and vWF:CBA increased from baseline values of 64% to 113% and 58% to 114%, respectively, and the vWF Ag:CBA ratios were unchanged (1.1 vs 1.0) after DDAVP administration. Plasma vWF multimer analysis revealed proportional increases in band intensity for all multimer sizes following DDAVP administration, in comparison to baseline for the control dogs and Doberman Pinschers with vWD, consistent with vWF Ag:CBA ratios of approximately 1. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Beneficial effects of DDAVP on primary hemostasis in Doberman Pinschers with type 1 vWD cannot be explained by preferential increases in HMW vWF multimers.  相似文献   

2.
OBJECTIVE: To assess a point-of-care instrument for identification of primary hemostatic disorders in dogs. ANIMALS: 29 healthy dogs and 23 nonanemic dogs with primary hemostatic disorders (thrombocytopenia, n = 6; thrombopathia, 6; von Willebrand disease [vWD], 11). PROCEDURE: Citrated blood was obtained and closure times (CT) were determined by measuring the time required for occlusion of an aperture by a platelet plug within the point-of-care instrument. Reference ranges for CT were established, and CT were determined for dogs with primary hemostatic disorders. RESULTS: CT measured with adenosine diphosphate as the platelet agonist (ADP-CT) ranged from 52 to 86 seconds for healthy dogs (mean +/- 2 SD, 67 +/- 7.8 seconds; median, 65 seconds), and CT measured with epinephrine as the agonist (EPI-CT), from 97 to 225 seconds (151 +/- 38 seconds; 148 seconds). In thrombocytopenic dogs, ADP- and EPI-CT were prolonged (> 165 and > 264 seconds, respectively). Five of 6 dogs with thrombopathia had prolonged ADP-CT, whereas EPI-CT was prolonged in all 6 dogs. In all dogs with vWD, ADP-CT was prolonged; EPI-CT was prolonged in 10 of these dogs. Sensitivity and specificity for ADP-CT were 95.7 and 100%, respectively, and positive and negative predictive values, 100 and 96.7%, respectively, whereas for EPI-CT, these values were 95.7 and 82.8%, respectively, and 81.5 and 96%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The point-of-care instrument allowed quick assessment of primary hemostasis in nonanemic dogs. Use of this instrument may be helpful for making decisions regarding management of dogs with primary hemostatic disorders.  相似文献   

3.
OBJECTIVE: To develop an assay to measure canine von Willebrand factor (vWF):collagen-binding activity (CBA) to screen for type 2 von Willebrand disease (vWD) in dogs. SAMPLE POPULATION: 293 plasma samples submitted for analysis of canine vWF antigen (vWF:Ag) and 12 control plasma samples from dogs with inherited type 2 or 3 vWD. PROCEDURE: Bovine collagens were evaluated for suitability as binding substrate for vWF. Assay sensitivity to depletion, proteolytic degradation, or a genetic deficiency of high-molecular-weight vWF were determined. Amounts of vWF:Ag and vWF:CBA were measured. The ratio of vWF:Ag to vWF:CBA was used to discriminate between type 1 and type 2 vWD. RESULTS: An assay for canine vWF activity was developed by use of mixed collagen (types I and III). When vWF:Ag was used to subtype vWD, 48% of the dogs were classified as clinically normal, 9% as indeterminate, and 43% as type 1 vWD. Inclusion of vWF activity resulted in reclassification of 5% of those identified as type 1 to type 2 vWD. However, vWF:CBA of the reclassified dogs was not persistently abnormal, a finding compatible with acquired type 2 vWD. Some Doberman Pinschers had lower antigen-to-activity ratios than other breeds with type 1 vWD, suggesting that Doberman Pinschers have more functional circulating vWF. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Analysis of canine vWF activity should be included among the vWF-specific assays used to confirm type 2 vWD. The prevalence of inherited forms of type 2 vWD in screened dogs is lower than acquired forms that can result secondary to underlying disease.  相似文献   

4.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the mode of inheritance of von Willebrand's disease (vWD) and perform linkage analysis between vWD and coat color or narcolepsy in a colony of Doberman Pinschers. ANIMALS: 159 Doberman Pinschers. PROCEDURE: von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag) concentration was measured by use of ELISA, and results were used to classify dogs as having low (< 20%), intermediate (20 to 65%), or high (> 65%) vWF:Ag concentration, compared with results of analysis of standard pooled plasma. Buccal bleeding time was measured, and mode of inheritance of vWD was assessed by pedigree analysis. RESULTS: von Willebrand's disease was transmitted as a single autosomal gene defect. Results suggested that 27.04% of dogs were homozygous for vWD, 62.26% were heterozygous, and 10.69% did not have the defect. Most homozygous and some heterozygous dogs had prolonged bleeding times. Dogs with diluted coat colors (blue and fawn) were significantly overrepresented in the homozygous group, compared with black and red dogs, but a significant link between vWD and coat color was not detected. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: von Willebrand's disease is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait with variable penetrance; most dogs in this colony (89.3%) were carriers of vWD. Homozygosity for vWD is not likely to be lethal. Some heterozygous dogs have prolonged bleeding times. An association between diluted coat colors and vWD may exist.  相似文献   

5.
OBJECTIVE: To define the relationship between clinical expression of a type-1 von Willebrand disease phenotype and genotype at 2 von Willebrand factor marker loci in Doberman Pinschers. ANIMALS: 102 client-owned Doberman Pinschers. PROCEDURES: Dogs were recruited on the basis of plasma von Willebrand factor concentration, clinical history, and pedigree. Blood samples and response to a history questionnaire were obtained for each dog. Plasma von Willebrand factor concentration was measured by use of an ELISA, and genotyping was performed via polymerase chain reaction for 1 intragenic and 1 extragenic von Willebrand factor marker. Amplification product size was determined by use of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (intragenic marker) or automated sequence analysis (extragenic marker). Western blots were prepared from a subset of dogs with low plasma von Willebrand factor concentration to evaluate multimer distribution. RESULTS: Strong associations were detected between plasma von Willebrand factor concentration and von Willebrand factor marker genotype. Twenty-five dogs had substantial reduction in plasma von Willebrand factor concentration and multiple hemorrhagic events. All were homozygous for a 157-base-pair intragenic marker allele and homozygous or compound heterozygous for 1 of 4 extragenic marker alleles. These marker genotypes were exclusively detected in dogs with low plasma von Willebrand factor concentration, although some dogs with these genotypes did not have abnormal bleeding. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Type-1 von Willebrand disease in Doberman Pinschers is associated with the von Willebrand factor gene locus; however, the expression pattern in this breed appears more complex than that of a simple recessive trait.  相似文献   

6.
Levothyroxine administration has been suggested to be an effective treatment for canine von Willebrand disease (vWd), but evidence supporting this treatment is lacking. Effects of levothyroxine administration were evaluated in 8 euthyroid Doberman Pinschers with plasma von Willebrand factor (vWf) concentrations < 15%, characteristic of type 1 vWd. Levothyroxine (0.04 mg/kg PO q12h) and placebo were administered for 30 days in a 2-period, 2-treatment, double-blinded, crossover design with a 30-day washout period between treatments. Buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT), plasma vWf concentration (vWf: Ag), vWf collagen binding activity (vWf:CBA), factor VIII coagulant activity (FVIII:C), and serum concentrations of total thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (fT4), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured on days 0, 2, and 30 of each treatment period. The 8 dogs (1 male, 7 females) had markedly low plasma vWf:Ag (mean, 8.9%; reference range, 70-180%) and vWf:CBA (mean, 11.1%; reference range, >70%). Response to placebo versus levothyroxine treatment was not significantly different between groups at day 0, 2, or 30 for BMBT, vWf:Ag, vWf:CBA, and FVIII:C. Serum T4, fT4, and T3 concentrations were significantly higher and serum TSH significantly lower in the levothyroxine-treated group than in the placebo group at days 2 and 30. Administration of levothyroxine at 0.04 mg/kg caused laboratory evidence of hyperthyroidism but did not affect plasma FVIII:C and vWf:Ag concentrations or vWf-dependent collagen binding and BMBT. The results of this study failed to identify a direct action of levothyroxine supplementation on plasma vWf concentration or activity in euthyroid Doberman Pinschers with vWd.  相似文献   

7.
A new in vitro von Willebrand factor-collagen binding activity (vWF:CBA) assay was used to assess qualitative changes in vWF in normal dogs and dogs with Type I von Willebrand's disease (vWD) following treatment with desmopressin acetate (DDAVP). Although DDAVP induced increases in vWF antigen concentrations at 1 hour postinfusion in both normal and vWD dogs (57% and 60% increases, respectively), there were disproportionately greater increases in vWF:CBA (96% and 103% increases). These results support the hypothesis that the enhanced hemostatic activity induced by DDAVP is, at least in part, due to the selective release of more functionally active vWF multimers. The assay, as described, provides a convenient means of simultaneously assessing vWF quantity and function before and after DDAVP administration.  相似文献   

8.
During a study period from 1985 through 1988, plasma von Willebrand's factor antigen (vWF:Ag) concentration was measured as a marker for prevalence of the von Willebrand's disease (vWD) trait in Doberman Pinschers (doberman, n = 5,554), Scottish Terriers (scottie, n = 1,363), and Shetland Sheepdogs (sheltie, n = 4,279). Significant increase in prevalence of the trait was seen in scotties and shelties during this period. In 1988, 73% of dobermans, 30% of scotties, and 28% of shelties tested had abnormal vWF:Ag concentration (less than 50% vWF:Ag). We found significant differences between breeds with respect to age and vWF:Ag concentration of clinically affected dogs at time of diagnosis. The affected dobermans were older (doberman mean age, 4.6 years; scottie mean age, 1.7 years; sheltie mean age, 1.9 years) and had higher concentration of plasma vWF:Ag (doberman mean vWF:Ag, 15%; scottie mean vWF:Ag, 0%; sheltie mean vWF:Ag, 8%). Bleeding in affected dogs of all 3 breeds was observed predominantly from mucosal surfaces and from cutaneous sites of surgery or trauma. The most common site of mucosal bleeding in scotties and shelties was oral or nasal cavity, and in dobermans was the urogenital tract. Differences in clinical manifestations of vWD in purebred dogs may reflect heterogeneous defects within the vWF gene, causing a variety of abnormalities in production, structure, and function of vWF protein. Analogous to vWD in human beings, acquired deficiencies of vWF may also contribute to the clinical variability of vWD in dogs.  相似文献   

9.
Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP(R)), a synthetic analogue of vasopressin was slowly administered intravenously to 12 healthy dogs of various breeds and 10 Doberman Pinschers with mild-to-moderate type I von Willebrand's disease at a dose of 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 micro g/kg body weight. Plasma von Willebrand factor:antigen was measured by an electroimmunoassay prior to and 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes after desmopressin infusion. Desmopressin induced only very modest and statistically insignificant increases in von Willebrand factor in both groups. We conclude that the response to desmopressin as measured by circulating von Willebrand factor is much less pronounced in healthy dogs and in Doberman Pinschers with von Willebrand's disease than in humans.  相似文献   

10.
Effects of desmopressin acetate (1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin [DDAVP]) on plasma von Willebrand factor (vWf) were studied in 12 purebred Doberman pinschers confirmed to have von Willebrand's disease (vWd) (plasma vWf antigen [vWf:Ag] concentrations, less than 30 U/dl). Twelve dogs had subnormal plasma botrocetin cofactor (BCf) activity and 11 dogs had prolonged buccal mucosa bleeding times. Tranquilization of three dogs with lenperone and three dogs with xylazine did not induce significant changes in mean plasma vWf:Ag concentrations or mean BCf activities. Thirty and 120 minutes after administration of DDAVP (1 micrograms/kg subcutaneously), there was significant shortening of the mean buccal mucosa bleeding time. Ten dogs responded to DDAVP with increases in BCf activity which exceeded 10 U/dl at 30 or 120 minutes, or both, after the drug was administered. At the same time, increases in plasma vWf:Ag concentrations were smaller than the increases in BCf activity. It was shown by multimeric analysis that primarily the higher molecular weight forms of vWf increased in plasma in response to DDAVP.  相似文献   

11.
犬血管性假性血友病(vWD)是常染色体不完全显性遗传性出血病.血管性假血友病因子(vWF)的数量和质量正常与否决定着是否患有vWD,而vWF基因的表达又控制着vWF的数量和质量.本研究应用DNA测序技术和PCR-RFLP方法检测德国牧羊犬、杜伯文犬、罗威纳犬、史宾格犬和马里努阿犬等5个品种共132头犬的vWF基因5个候选区域.结果显示,德国牧羊犬、罗威纳犬、史宾格犬和马里努阿犬未发现vWF突变基因,杜伯文犬中有2头患病和3头携带者,携带频率为5.16%.  相似文献   

12.
The buccal mucosa bleeding time (BMBT; duration of hemorrhage from standardized cuts made with a spring-loaded disposable device in the mucosal surface of the upper lip) was used to evaluate the hemostatic competence of dogs. The mean (+/- SD) BMBT for 34 healthy dogs was 2.62 +/- 0.49 minutes. The BMBT of healthy dogs anesthetized with halothane or tranquilized with xylazine were not significantly different from the BMBT of healthy dogs evaluated without chemical restraint. The BMBT was significantly (P less than 0.01) prolonged 21 hours after aspirin (10 mg/kg of body weight) was administered orally to 10 healthy dogs; however, the mean aspirin-induced increase in BMBT was only 0.40 minutes. The BMBT of 28 of 30 dogs with various diseases not traditionally associated with hemostatic deficiencies were near or within the range of BMBT for healthy dogs; however, 2 dogs had BMBT of greater than 8 minutes. In contrast, BMBT were prolonged in most dogs with diseases known to induce deficient primary hemostasis; the 3 dogs with thrombocytopenia (less than or equal to 20,000 platelets/microliter), the 7 Doberman Pinschers with von Willebrand's disease (von Willebrand factor antigen; less than or equal to 18 U/dl), and 5 of the 6 dogs with severe azotemia (serum urea nitrogen; greater than or equal to 124 mg/dl) had prolonged BMBT. The BMBT of 16 dogs were determined immediately before they were subjected to various surgical procedures, and the severity of the hemorrhage encountered during these procedures was subjectively evaluated; the amount of hemorrhage from 12 of the 16 dogs was considered to be appropriate for the corresponding surgical procedures, but the remaining 4 dogs bled excessively during surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

13.
Here we report the comparative efficacy of fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) and Cryoprecipitate in the treatment of 2 inherited bleeding disorders in dogs. The dogs were divided into 3 groups, consisting of 4 Doberman Pinschers with type I von Willebrand's disease (vWD) (group I), 1 Scottish Terrier with type III vWD (group 2), and 4 German Shepherd Dogs with hemophilia A (group 3). In vWD, therapeutic efficacy was determined by the ability of the products to increase von Willebrand factor antigen (vWf:Ag) concentrations above 35 canine units (CU)/dL and to correct the prolonged buccal mucosal bleeding time. Therapeutic efficacy in hemophilia A was assessed by the ability of the products to increase the factor VIII coagulant (FVIII:C) activity above 30 CU/dL. In both groups 1 and 2, higher increases in vWf:Ag were achieved with Cryoprecipitate than with FFP, despite a significantly smaller total amount of vWf:Ag (in CU) being infused with Cryoprecipitate. The maximum vWf:Ag attained after infusion in group 1 was dependent on both the baseline vWf:Ag concentration and on the type of infusion product. The dogs with vWD in both groups also displayed a delayed increase in FVIII:C activity after infusion of both plasma products, which is characteristic of the disease. In group 3, Cryoprecipitate achieved similar increases in FVIII:C activity compared to FFP, although a significantly lesser amount of FVIII:C (in CU) was delivered with Cryoprecipitate. Six of the 9 dogs treated with FFP experienced adverse effects ranging from mild pruritus to pallor and weakness, whereas none of the 9 dogs treated with Cryoprecipitate had any observable adverse reactions ( P = .009). Based on its efficacy and safety, we recommend Cryoprecipitate over FFP for treatment or prophylaxis of hemorrhagic episodes in dogs with vWD or hemophilia A.  相似文献   

14.
Five cases involving female Doberman Pinschers, each with a mass composed of osseous, chondrous, or fibrous tissue, or a combination thereof, formed in or around the muscles of the hip, were reviewed. In each dog, the mass severely limited the coxofemoral joint range or motion, especially when the joint was extended. Surgical debulking resulted in a favorable outcome. All dogs tested had plasma concentrations of von Willebrand factor antigen below established normal limits. We believe that the low concentrations of von Willebrand factor antigen commonly found in Doberman Pinschers may predispose them to the development of this condition and its resulting pelvic limb lameness, presumably because of increased risk of microvascular bleeding. This association is presumptive because 2 dogs in our study had a history of excessive bleeding either before or after being treated for the hip condition. Trauma was associated in 2 cases. All 5 dogs, however, bled more than usual during the curative surgery. These 5 cases, plus additional reported cases, confirm this syndrome, which warrants recognition. The name von Willebrand heterotopic osteochondrofibrosis of Doberman Pinschers was selected because it identified the basic features of the syndrome.  相似文献   

15.
Eight unanesthetized normal dogs and seven dogs with von Willebrand's disease (vWD) were given desmopressin (0.6 micrograms/kg, IV) in order to determine the effects of this drug on plasma Factor VIII/vWF activity. Seven of the normal dogs and four of the vWD dogs were administered an equal volume of saline (control infusion) on another occasion. The other three vWD dogs underwent major surgery after treatment with desmopressin. Plasma FVIII coagulant activity (FVIII:C), von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag), and FVIII-ristocetin co-factor activity (FVIII:RC) were quantitated before infusion and at 60 minutes postinfusion. Activities were expressed as a percentage of the activity of a pooled canine plasma (12 dogs) arbitrarily designated as having 100% FVIII:C, vWF:Ag, and FVIII:RC activity. Plasma FVIII:C activity increased by 28% in the normal dogs and by 37% in the dogs with vWD. Plasma vWF:Ag increased more than twofold in normal dogs after desmopressin treatment. In the vWD dogs the average increase was also twofold, however there was much greater variability between dogs with increases ranging from 1.2 fold to 2.4 fold. Plasma FVIII:RC activity almost doubled in normal dogs, however like vWF:Ag, the increases in vWD dogs were more variable. One vWD dog had no increase in FVIII:RC while in the remaining six dogs FVIII:RC increases ranged from 1.8 to 2.9 fold. The results of this study indicate that a single intravenous dose of desmopressin (0.6 micrograms/kg) causes a significant elevation in plasma vWF:Ag and FVIII:RC activity and a much lesser increase in FVIII:C activity in normal unanesthetized dogs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

16.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the coding region of the cardiac actin gene in Doberman Pinschers with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) for mutations that could be responsible for the development of the condition ANIMALS: 28 dogs (16 Doberman Pinschers with DCM and 12 mixed-breed control dogs). PROCEDURE: Ten milliliters of blood was collected from each dog for DNA extraction. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were designed to amplify canine exonic regions, using the sequences of exons 2 to 6 of the cardiac actin gene. Single-stranded conformational polymorphism analysis was performed for each exon with all samples. Autoradiographs were analyzed for banding patterns specific to affected dogs. The DNA sequencing was performed on a selected group of affected and control dogs. RESULTS: Molecular analysis of exons 2 to 6 of the cardiac actin gene did not reveal any differences in base pairs between affected dogs and control dogs selected for DNA evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: Mutations in exons 5 and 6 of the cardiac actin gene that have been reported in humans with familial DCM do not appear to be the cause of familial DCM in Doberman Pinschers. Additionally, evaluation of exons 2 to 6 for causative mutations did not reveal a cause for inherited DCM in these Doberman Pinschers. Although there is evidence that DCM in Doberman Pinschers is an inherited problem, a molecular basis for this condition remains unresolved. Evaluation of other genes coding for cytoskeletal proteins is warranted.  相似文献   

17.
The objective of this study was to use a questionnaire 1) for characterization of hemorrhagic signs; 2) to assess its value as a predictor of von Willebrand Disease (vWD) status; and 3) for evaluation of the vWD diagnostic profile [platelet function analysis using the PFA-100, Collagen binding assay (vWF:CBA), and vWF antigen ELISA (vWF:Ag)], partial thromboplastin time (PTT) and Factor VIII activity (FVIII) as predictors of hemorrhagic risk. von Willebrand factor (vWF) concentration and function was assessed for each of the 165 canine participants using the vWD diagnostic profile. Hemorrhagic signs for each dog were obtained using a standardized questionnaire. Questionnaires were scored according to a previously prepared scoring key. Of the 165 dogs in the study, 43.6% had a low vWF concentration, with only 48.6% of dogs in this group having reports of hemorrhagic signs. Oral bleeding was the most commonly reported sign. The questionnaire had a sensitivity of 48.6% and a specificity of 78.5% for the prediction of vWD status. Using the Spearman correlation coefficient, a statistical association was found between the questionnaire and the vWD diagnostic profile components. However, this could not be translated into an ability to predict hemorrhage. The questionnaire allowed characterization of hemorrhagic signs in a large population of dogs over a range of vWF:Ag concentrations, and demonstrated that the vWD diagnostic profile was unsuccessful in the prediction of hemorrhagic risk. Although the sensitivity was insufficient for a screening tool, the questionnaire did have some discriminatory power in the prediction of vWD status.  相似文献   

18.
OBJECTIVE: To identify, by means of 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiography, electrocardiographic abnormalities in overtly healthy Doberman Pinschers in which results of echocardiography were abnormal. DESIGN: Clinical case series. ANIMALS: 56 (35 male, 21 female) overtly healthy Doberman Pinschers with echocardiographic evidence of cardiomyopathy on initial examination that subsequently died of cardiomyopathy. PROCEDURE: Twenty-four-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic (Holter) recordings obtained at the time of initial examination were reviewed. For all dogs, scan quality was > 90%. RESULTS: Initial Holter recordings of all 56 dogs contained ventricular premature contractions (VPC). Thirty-six (65%) dogs had > 1,000 VPC/24 h, 17 (31%) had > 5,000 VPC/24 h, and 11 (19%) had > 10,000 VPC/24 h. Fifty-four (96%) dogs had couplets of VPC, 37 (66%) had triplets of VPC, and 36 (64%) had episodes of nonsustained (< 30 seconds) ventricular tachycardia. Number of VPC/24 h during the initial Holter recordings was positively correlated with numbers of couplets and triplets of VPC and number of ventricular escape beats and negatively correlated with left ventricular fractional shortening. Twenty-eight dogs died suddenly prior to the putative onset of congestive heart failure. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that along with echocardiography, 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiography can be used to help identify overtly healthy Doberman Pinschers with cardiomyopathy.  相似文献   

19.
Plasmatic concentrations of von Willebrand Factor (vWF) increase during pregnancy in humans and dogs; however the mechanism of such increase is still not well defined. The aims of this study were: (i) to evaluate changes in vWF concentration during pregnancy and during the subsequent oestrous cycle in bitches affected and unaffected by von Willebrand Disease (vWD); (ii) to correlate the vWF levels and cortisol levels in both groups. Seven vWD affected (GI) and nine unaffected (GII) bitches were used. The animals were assessed during pregnancy, parturition, lactation and non‐gestational oestrous cycle in 11 moments (Pregnancy 1, Pregnancy 2, Parturition, Lactation 1, Lactation 2, Lactation 3, Anestrus, Proestrus, Oestrus, Diestrus 1, and Diestrus 2). The following tests were performed; measurement of von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag), albumin and cortisol. In both groups, vWF concentration remained stable during the non‐gestational oestrous cycle, but increased during pregnancy, with the highest value observed at parturition. Increases of 70% and 124% in vWF were seen in GI and GII, respectively, compared to anestrus. No correlation was found between vWF and cortisol. Values of vWF:Ag changed during pregnancy, with a peak at parturition, both in vWD affected and unaffected animals. Values of vWF were not altered in the different phases of the oestrous cycle following pregnancy in both groups. Evaluation of vWF during pregnancy can cause false negative results for vWD, but assessment can be performed at any point in the oestrous cycle of non‐pregnant bitches.  相似文献   

20.
OBJECTIVE: To compare plasma fatty acid concentrations and the relationships of fatty acids to arrhythmias in Boxers versus Doberman Pinschers. ANIMALS: 38 Boxers and 13 Doberman Pinschers. PROCEDURES: Boxers and Doberman Pinschers evaluated via Holter recording and for which a blood sample was available were included. Echocardiograms were performed in 49 of 51 dogs. The number of ventricular premature complexes (VPCs)/24 h was counted and fatty acids analyzed. Plasma fatty acid concentrations and VPCs/24 h, as well as correlations between the 2 variables, were compared between the 2 breeds. RESULTS: Compared with the Doberman Pinschers, Boxers had significantly higher plasma concentrations of gamma-linolenic acid but lower concentrations of arachidonic acid. Total n-6 fatty acids and total polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations were higher in Doberman Pinschers. There were significant, but weak, positive correlations between VPCs and oleic acid, total n-3 fatty acids, and total n-9 fatty acids in Boxers but not in Doberman Pinschers. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Data suggested that plasma fatty acid concentrations may differ between Boxers and Doberman Pinschers and that the relationship between fatty acid concentrations and VPCs may be different between these 2 breeds.  相似文献   

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