共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 500 毫秒
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Henrique M. Ribeiro David Fangueiro Fátima Alves Rita Ventura Dulce Coelho Ernesto Vasconcelos Cristina Cunha‐Queda João Coutinho Fernanda Cabral 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2010,173(2):260-267
The potential of an organically managed Cambic Arenosol to supply nitrogen (N) from either an applied commercial organic fertilizer (granulated hen manure), a compost produced on‐farm, or four different mixtures of both fertilizers was studied in a laboratory incubation and a pot experiment with lettuce. In the incubation experiment, a significant higher apparent N mineralization occurred after hen‐manure application (53.4% of the organic N applied) compared to compost (4.5%) or mixed‐fertilizer application (8.7% to 16.7%). The apparent N mineralization in a mixed treatment consisting of compost and half rate of hen manure (15.4% of the organic N applied) was significantly higher than that estimated based on the N mineralization for compost and hen‐manure treatments (7.6%), proving that a combined application of both fertilizers enhanced organic‐N mineralization when compared to separate fertilizer supply. In the pot experiment, a higher lettuce fresh‐matter yield was obtained with hen manure (1.9 kg m–2) than with compost (1.7 kg m–2) or unfertilized control treatment (1.3 kg m–2). Combined application of compost with only a half rate of hen manure led to yields (2.0 kg m–2) equal to those obtained with only hen manure. A good correlation was observed between the N‐mineralization incubation data and the N accumulated by lettuce plants in the pot experiment (r = 0.983). Hence, in the organic production of baby‐leaf lettuce, a mixture of compost and hen manure appears to be a good fertilization alternative, since it allows a reduction by half of the typical amount of commercial fertilizer usually applied (granulated hen manure), cutting fertilization costs, and providing an amount of available N that allows maintaining lettuce yields. 相似文献
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Li S Schonhof I Krumbein A Li L Stützel H Schreiner M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(21):8452-8457
Three greenhouse pot experiments were conducted with four different nitrogen (N) treatments (80, 160, 240, and 320 kg ha (-1)) in combination with three sulfur (S) treatments (10, 20, and 60 kg ha (-1)) to study the effects of combined N and S supply on glucosinolate concentration and composition in turnip roots. Total glucosinolate concentration varied widely from 9.7 (N 320S 10) to 91.6 (N 160S 60) mg (100 g) (-1) root fresh weight (FW) and individual glucosinolate concentrations were increased with increasing S supply regardless of the N treatment, whereas enhanced N supply (160 - 320 N ha (-1)) at the high S level (60 kg ha (-1)) did not affect total glucosinolate concentration. In contrast, assumingly attributed to the individual glucosinolate biosynthesis concentration of N-containing tryptophan-derived indole glucosinolate was highest with increased N supply, whereas S-containing methionine-derived aromatic and aliphatic glucosinolates decreased with increasing N supply combined at low S level (10-20 kg ha (-1)). 相似文献
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Alfredo Aires Eduardo Rosa Rosa Carvalho Silvia Haneklaus Ewald Schnug 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(7):1035-1046
ABSTRACT Broccoli sprouts (Brassica oleraceae var. italica) have been attributed health protective effects based on their glucosinolate content, and thus, are recommended in diets. However, no information is available on the mineral content of this novel product and how fertilization might influence it. The influence of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) applications (0, 14, and 28 mg· N dish?1 and 0, 4.5, and 9 mg· S dish?1) on the mineral content [N, S, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), and silicon (Si)] of broccoli sprouts (Brassica oleraceae var. italica cv. ‘Marathon’) was determined 11 d after sowing. It was found that N and S fertilization significantly (P < 0.001) influenced the uptake of all elements except phosphorus (P). Sulfur concentrations in broccoli sprouts varied between 11.4 and 15.2 mg· g?1 (dw), while the Ca, Mg, P, K, and Na concentrations were below 10 mg· g?1 (dw). The Cl contents ranged from 13.6 to 23.1 mg· g?1 (dw). The highest S concentration was found when 9 mg· dish?1 S and 14 mg· dish?1 N was applied. A higher N rates of 28 mg· dish?1, N yielded no higher S uptake. The significantly (P < 0.05) highest Ca, Mg, and Na concentrations were found in the control treatments, while this effect proved to be not consistent for P. The results clearly revealed that N and S fertilization increased biomass production even in the early growth stages. With view to maintaining high Ca concentrations an application in the form of ammonium sulfate would be preferable. 相似文献
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Kopsell DA Barickman TC Sams CE McElroy JS 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(26):10628-10634
Watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) is a perennial herb rich in the secondary metabolites of glucosinolates and carotenoids. 2-phenethyl isothiocyanate, the predominate isothiocyanate hydrolysis product in watercress, can reduce carcinogen activation through inhibition of phase I enzymes and induction of phase II enzymes. Sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) have been shown to influence concentrations of both glucosinolates and carotenoids in a variety of vegetable crops. Our research objectives were to determine how several levels of N and S fertility interact to affect watercress plant tissue biomass production, tissue C/N ratios, concentrations of plant pigments, and glucosinolate concentrations. Watercress was grown using nutrient solution culture under a three by three factorial arrangement, with three S (8, 16, and 32 mg/L) and three N (6, 56, and 106 mg/L) fertility concentrations. Watercress shoot tissue biomass, tissue %N, and tissue C/N ratios were influenced by N but were unaffected by changes in S concentrations or by the interaction of NxS. Tissue pigment concentrations of beta-carotene, lutein, 5,6-epoxylutein, neoxanthin, zeaxanthin, and the chlorophyll pigments responded to changes in N treatment concentrations but were unaffected by S concentrations or through N x S interactions. Watercress tissue concentrations of aromatic, indole, and total glucosinolate concentrations responded to changes in N treatments; whereas aliphatic, aromatic, and total glucosinolates responded to changes in S treatment concentrations. Individual glucosinolates of glucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, and gluconasturriin responded to N fertility treatments, while gluconapin, glucobrassicin, and gluconasturiin responded to changes in S fertility concentrations. Increases in carotenoid and glucosinolate concentrations through fertility management would be expected to influence the nutritional value of watercress in human diets. 相似文献
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混种牛膝菊嫁接后代对生菜镉积累的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用盆栽试验,将两种生态型(农田和矿山)镉超富集植物牛膝菊进行正反嫁接:以矿山生态型牛膝菊为砧木(后代为矿砧)、农田生态型牛膝菊为接穗(后代为农穗)进行嫁接和以农田生态型牛膝菊为砧木(后代为农砧)、矿山生态型牛膝菊为接穗(后代为矿穗)进行嫁接,研究了混种两种生态型牛膝菊正反嫁接实生后代(农田、矿山、农砧、矿砧、农穗、矿穗)对生菜镉(Cd)积累的影响。结果表明:与生菜单种处理相比,只有混种农穗及矿穗处理不同程度提高了生菜根系及地上部分的生物量(其中,混种矿穗处理的生菜地上部分生物量最大,较生菜单种处理提高了10.98%),其他混种处理均抑制了生菜的生长。另外,混种农穗及矿穗处理显著提高了生菜叶片过氧化物酶(POD)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,但对其超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响不大。混种牛膝菊嫁接后代显著降低了生菜地上部分的Cd含量,且与矿穗混种处理的Cd含量最低,较生菜单种处理降低了29.18%。因此,生菜与矿穗混种,既能有效降低生菜可食用部位(地上部分)的Cd含量,还能促进其生长。 相似文献
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西北小麦与豆科绿肥间作体系箭筈豌豆和毛叶苕子生物固氮效率及氮素转移特性 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(9-10):813-826
Abstract A field experiment was conducted to assess the effects of varying levels of sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) supply on oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. var. Rafal) grown in a soil assessed to be in the low category for plant available sulphate (SO4). There were no significant effects on crop yield as a result of applied S for any of the treatments. This was probably due to a significant input of atmospheric S as a result of the wetter than average year. However, there were significant compositional effects on total S, total N and sulphate‐sulphur (SO4‐S) which has implications for the supply of S from soil which can often display a range of S availabilities. Effects on composition were most marked as the crop reached maturity. 相似文献
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栽培模式及施肥对玉米和大豆根际土壤磷素有效性的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
栽培模式及施肥管理对作物吸收利用土壤磷素的影响较大,本研究为探明玉米/大豆套作系统作物根系交互作用下根际土壤无机磷组分动态变化特征,利用盆栽试验测定了玉米/大豆套作(M/S)、玉米单作(MM)和大豆单作(SS)3种栽培模式以及不施肥(CK)、施氮钾肥(NK)和施氮磷钾肥(NPK)3种施肥处理下玉米和大豆地上部生物量及吸磷量和根际与非根际土壤速效磷、无机磷组分含量,以期为优化玉米/大豆套作系统磷素管理提供理论依据。研究结果表明同一施肥水平下,套作玉米的籽粒产量显著高于单作玉米;施磷显著提高了单作玉米籽粒产量,而对套作玉米籽粒产量影响不大。无论施肥与否,套作大豆秸秆及籽粒产量均高于单作大豆。所有施肥处理均表现为套作模式下单株作物地上部磷积累量显著高于单作模式。玉米成熟期,CK、NK处理下套作玉米根际土壤速效磷含量分别比单作玉米高54.2%和71.8%;大豆始花期,NPK处理下套作大豆根际土壤速效磷含量比单作大豆高19.8%。大豆成熟期,NK、NPK处理下套作大豆根际土壤速效磷含量分别比单作大豆高23.8%和108.0%。无论是单作还是套作模式,玉米根际土壤Al-P含量在3个施肥处理下均低于非根际土壤。CK和NK处理下单作玉米根际土壤Al-P含量分别是套作玉米的1.19倍和1.22倍;NPK处理下单作玉米根际土壤Fe-P含量是套作玉米的1.21倍。在CK、NK和NPK施肥处理下,单作大豆根际土Al-P含量分别是套作大豆1.12倍、1.30倍和1.25倍,单作大豆非根际土Al-P含量分别是套作大豆的1.22倍、1.30倍和1.06倍。CK、NK处理下单作大豆根际土壤Fe-P含量分别是套作大豆的1.47倍和1.12倍。研究得出结论,低磷条件下,与单作相比,玉米/大豆套作更有利于作物对土壤Al-P、Fe-P的活化吸收。 相似文献
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采用砂培和溶液培养两种方法研究了水稻和花生混作系统根系氮化合物的分泌。结果表明,在砂培和溶液培养条件下NO3-和NH4+的分泌在不同时期和昼夜不同时间均出现有规律的变化。苗期两种培养条件下NO3-和NH4+的分泌高峰值均出现在早晨,水稻单作、间作和花生单作处理在砂培条件下NO3-和NH4+的浓度分别为1.415、5.044、2.140.mg/L和0.0482、0.3320、.132.mg/L;而溶液培养条件下NO3-和NH4+的浓度分别为0.0726、0.743、0.181mg/L和1.036、1.709、1.736.mg/L,下午和晚上两种形态氮处于耗竭状态。花期分泌高峰出现在下午,水稻单作、间作和花生单作处理在砂培条件下NO3-和NH4+的浓度分别为17.338、25.294、5.369.mg/L和0.162、0.856、0.119mg/L,溶液培养条件下则分别为0.01960、.04130、.0226.mg/L和0.0683、0.0891、0.0656.mg/L。而鼓荚期NO3-和NH4+的分泌高峰则出现在晚上,早晨和下午两种形态氮处于耗竭状态。砂培条件下NO3-的分泌量多于NH4+,而溶液培养条件下则是NH4+的分泌量多于NO3-。总氮的分泌规律,苗期最大分泌量出现在早晨,花期在下午,而鼓荚期则在晚上,表明在作物生长的不同时期,氮的分泌途径可能不同,释放的氮形态不同。在作物生长的不同时期,以花期的NO3-、NH4+和总氮的分泌量最多,花期总氮的分泌浓度在砂培和溶液培养条件下分别为15.487、21.530、10.906mg/L和5.204、6.445、4.813.mg/L。两种培养条件下,不同形态氮的分泌量不同,砂培条件下氮的分泌远远高于溶液培养条件,表明培养介质的机械阻力刺激了氮的分泌,有利于作物更好地吸收利用释放的氮。 相似文献
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D. Mills 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(11):1665-1678
Abstract To examine the nutrient and fertilization needs of Vernonia galamensis, a new oilseed crop, experiments were conducted in the greenhouse with V. galamensis subsp. galamensis var. ethiopica, and var. petitiana. In the first experiment, the plants were grown in soil‐less medium, irrigated, and fertilized daily with 7:3:7 Shefer liquid fertilizer at the rate of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 L m?3. Plants in the control group were fertilized every two weeks at a rate 36 times lower than the low treatment. In the second experiment, plants of var. ethiopica were grown under five fertilization regimes with different levels of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)(7:3:7, 14:3:7, 3.5:3:7, 7:6:7, and 7:1.5:7 N:P:K, respectively), applied at a rate of 1.0 L m?3. In the first experiment, control plants of both varieties suffered severe stress affecting all aspects of growth. The three fertilization treatments elicited a uniform response in var. petitiana while var. ethiopica responded differentially, performing optimally under 1.0 L m3 of fertilizer. The growth parameter most stimulated in the case of var. ethiopica was production of primary branches and hence production of flowerheads, but optimal fertilization also had a positive effect on the oil and vernolic acid concentrations. In the second experiment, high N caused a small but significant decrease in biomass as well as plant senescence and drying. Plants grown under high P had slightly more biomass. Low N (3.5:3:7) or low P (7:1.5:7) resulted in fewer capitula. Time of flowering and number of branches were not significantly affected by fertilizer composition. High N caused a significant reduction in oil and vernolic acid yields. It seems that the negative effect of the high treatment in the first experiment was related to N rather than to P levels. 相似文献
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包膜尿素对芹菜产量、品质及氮素平衡的影响 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
通过盆栽试验研究了包膜尿素(自制)和尿素等肥料在两种质地灰潮土上对芹菜产量、品质、氮素吸收和氮平衡的影响。结果表明,施用包膜尿素较尿素使当季芹菜增产11.5％-15.2％,氮素吸收增加5.9％-9.5％,氨挥发损失N减少14.2％-14.9％,淋失和反硝化氮损失减少25.5％-28.3％,氮素利用率提高19.2％-27.1％,土壤持留氮增加32.0％-37.3％。芹菜植株硝态氮含量降低44.2％-58.9％,维生素C含量显著提高,品质改善;后茬作物生菜增产14.4％-35.2％。 相似文献
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【目的】研究脲醛氮肥(UF)对生菜、 上海青体内甲醛累积量、 甲醛含量的影响,评价其在叶菜上施用的安全性。【方法】采用3因素4水平完全设计分别进行第一次生菜及上海青盆栽试验。三因素为 50%尿素+50%脲醛[活性系数 (AI)=67%,UF1]、 50%尿素+50%脲醛(AI=57%,UF2)、 100%尿素(U); 施氮量设4个水平,分别是每千克土壤 N0、 100、 200、 300 mg,共 12 个处理,每个处理6个重复。采用4因素3水平完全设计进行第二次生菜盆栽试验,四个因素分别是AI分别为55%的脲醛(UF3)、 63%的脲醛(UF4)、 72%的脲醛(UF5)和100%尿素(U)(含 N 46%); 施氮量设3个水平,分别是每千克土壤 N 0、 200、 300 mg,共 12 个处理,每个处理6个重复。收获后,用乙酰丙酮法测定植株甲醛含量。【结果】无论施氮与否,生菜和上海青体内均能检测到甲醛。无氮对照在第一次生菜和上海青试验中的甲醛累积量分别为 0.21和0.35 mg/pot,在第二次生菜试验的生菜甲醛含量为 1.72 mg/kg。第一次生菜试验施 N 100 mg/kg土 时,U和 U+UF处理的生菜体内甲醛是无氮对照的 2.7~2.8 倍,但施氮处理间(U、 U+UF)无差异。在施 N 200、 300 mg/kg土时,U处理的生菜甲醛累积量明显大于U+UF处理,尿素处理甲醛累积量分别为 0.68、 0.56 mg/pot; 施 N 200 mg/kg土时,U处理的甲醛累积量比 UF1 + U和 UF2 + U 处理分别高出 26%、 33%,N 300 mg/kg土时的相应值是 30%、 24%。第二次生菜试验,两个施氮水平下,U和 UF5处理的甲醛含量最大; 施 N 200 mg/kg土时,UF3和UF4处理的生菜体内甲醛含量与无氮处理的无差异,当施氮量增加到300 mg/kg土时,活性指数为 55%的 UF3 与无氮处理的生菜甲醛含量无差异,活性指数为 63%的UF4的生菜甲醛含量甚至明显低于无氮处理。U和 UF5 处理的生菜甲醛含量范围为 4.97~5.36 mg/kg,UF3和 UF4处理的分别比 UF5处理的降低了68%和 70%,分别比U处理的的降低了69%和 71%。施氮量从 N 100 mg/kg土增加到 300 mg/kg土,均未影响叶菜体内的甲醛残留。【结论】与常规尿素相比,单独施用脲醛氮肥或尿素与脲醛氮肥混合施用,无论脲醛氮肥活性指数从 50%增加到 71%,还是氮肥用量从 100 增加到 300 mg/kg土,均不会增加叶菜体内的甲醛残留量,并且甲醛残留量处于安全范围内。 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(3):221-240
Abstract The effects of nitrogen fertilization and age of regrowth on a number of indices for assessing the sulphur status of the perennial tropical pasture grass Panicum maximum var. trichoglume (green panic) have been examined in pot experiments. A non‐rectangular hyperbola regression model has been used as an aid in deriving critical sulphur concentrations and evaluating their confidence limits. The merits and limitations of this model together with problems associated with other methods of deriving critical nutrient concentrations are discussed. Results indicate that critical total S concentrations in whole plant tops declined markedly with age of regrowth. Critical sulphate S concentrations were more stable with age of regrowth, concentrations in excess of 0.012% being indicative of adequate sulphur for maximum plant yield. It is also suggested that plants have adequate sulphur when more than 12% of their total S content is in the sulphate form. N:S ratios may provide a useful guide for assessing sulphur status but should be treated with caution when the nitrogen supply to the plants is high. 相似文献
15.
石灰与磷肥可以降低华南5种常见蔬菜对镉的吸收量 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
A pot experiment was conducted in artificially Cd-contaminated (5 mg Cd kg-1) soils to investigate the feasibility of using lime (3 g kg-1) or phosphate (80 mg P kg-1) to mitigate uptake of Cd by vegetables.Five common vegetables in South China,including lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.var.ramosa Hort.),Chinese cabbage [Brassica rapa L.subsp.Chinensis (L.) var.parachinensis (L.H.Bailey) Hanect],Chinese broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.var.albiflora Kuntze),white amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) and purslane (Amaranthus viridis L.),were grown in the soils and harvested after 60 d.The results showed that liming significantly reduced Cd uptake by most vegetables by 40%-50% (or a maximum of 70%),mainly due to immobilization of soil Cd.Increased availability of Ca in the soil might also contribute to the Cd uptake reduction as a result of absorption competition between Ca and Cd.Liming caused biomass reduction in white amaranth and purslane,but did not influence growth of the other vegetables.Phosphate decreased Cd uptake by vegetables by 12%-23%.Compared with lime,phosphate decreased,to a smaller extent,the bioavailability of Cd in most cases.Phosphate markedly promoted growth of vegetables.Changes in soil chemistry by adding lime or phosphate did not markedly influence nutrient uptake of vegetables except that lime increased Ca content and phosphate increased P content in shoots of the vegetables.The results suggested that a proper application of lime could be effective in reducing Cd uptake of vegetables,and phosphate could promote growth of the vegetables as well as alleviate the toxicity of Cd. 相似文献
16.
不同氮、磷水平对“双高”油菜品种宁油7号和“双低”油菜品种Tapidor生长和品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
盆栽试验研究了不同氮、磷水平对甘蓝型油菜"双高"品种宁油7号和"双低"品种Tapidor苗期生长、子粒产量及主要品质的影响。结果表明,氮、磷胁迫下,宁油7号苗期地上部干物重及子粒产量均高于Tapidor。不施磷处理(P1),宁油7号苗期地上部及子粒的磷积累量显著高于Tapidor;低磷(P2)及磷正常处理(NP),前者磷含量显著低于后者。低氮处理(N2),宁油7号地上部及子粒中氮累积量均显著高于Tapidor。这表明宁油7号和Tapidor氮和磷营养效率均存在差异。品质分析表明,增施磷肥Tapidor含油量增幅显著大于宁油7号;增施氮肥前者蛋白质含量的增幅小于后者。施氮和磷对宁油7号子粒硫甙及芥酸含量无影响;施氮提高了Tapidor子粒硫甙的含量,而施磷则降低了其芥酸含量。这表明氮、磷肥对"双低"品种Tapidor子粒品质的影响大于"双高"品种宁油7号。 相似文献
17.
The competitive effects of fat‐hen (chenopodium album L.) and groundsel (Senecio vulgaris L.) on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. Capitata) were investigated under glasshouse conditions. Weed competition severely reduced growth of the three food crops, the reduction being more pronounced with the longer exposure to the competition. Chenopodium album and 5. vulgaris were considerably different in their competitive abilities, although similar differences among the three food‐crop species were found. Senecio vulgaris was affected more by the competition than C. album and had lower tissue concentrations of N, K, and Mg. Growth of both weeds was greatly suppressed when tomato emerged two weeks earlier than the weeds, but the crop plants were severely stunted when the weeds had two weeks initial advantage. It appeared that C. album competed with the three food crops more for K than other elements, while S. vulgaris competed better for P. Cabbage was more competitive with both weed species than tomato while lettuce was the least competitor. Some aspects of these differences in competitive ability among the species could be related to their nutrient use. 相似文献
18.
Hongyan Zhang Ilona Schonhof Angelika Krumbein Bodo Gutezeit Long Li Hartmut Stützel Monika Schreiner 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2008,171(2):255-265
The overall objective of this study was to determine whether growing season, water supply, and their interaction influence glucosinolate (GSL) concentration and composition in turnip roots (Brassica rapa ssp. rapifera L.). Field experiments on a loamy soil in Großbeeren, Germany, were conducted in the spring‐summer (SS), summer‐autumn (SA), and autumn‐winter (AW) growing seasons. Each experiment included three water‐supply treatments with 25%, 50%, and 75% of available soil water (ASW) as lower thresholds. We found that the total GSL concentration in turnip roots was 1774–3221 μmol (kg fresh matter [FM])–1 and the dominant GSL was aromatic gluconasturtiin (GST) with concentrations of 1004–1628 μmol (kg FM)–1 in turnip roots. Total, aliphatic, and some specific individual GSLs in turnip roots were significantly influenced by water supply, growing season, and their interaction, due to the variations of the root sulfur (S) concentration, climatic conditions, or both. The influence of water supply on GSL concentration was modified by growing season, which in turn influenced S concentration in turnips. In the SS season, the 25%‐ASW water treatment enhanced concentrations of total GSLs by 52% and 47%, aliphatic GSLs by 60% and 131%, and aromatic GSLs by 47% and 21% when compared to the 50%‐ and 75%‐ASW water treatments, respectively. No reduction of root yield was observed, although the shoot yield was reduced by limited water supply. In SA and AW, total GSL concentration did not change under different water‐supply levels, but concentration of individual aliphatic and indole GSLs did. Based on these results, growers can adjust their irrigation and S‐fertilization practices to growing season in order to optimize turnip quality in terms of GSL concentration and composition, while still obtaining higher root yield and enabling better resource utilization. 相似文献
19.
Elnaz Ebrahimian Ahmad Bybordi Seyyed Mohammad Seyyedi 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(3):345-355
In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen (N) and zinc (Zn) fertilizers on seed yield, oil percentage, glucosinolate content, and nutrient uptake of canola (Brassica napus L. cv. Okapi), irrigated with saline and ultra-saline water, field experiments were conducted in Agriculture Research Centre of East Azarbaijan, Iran, during three consecutive years: 2011, 2012, and 2013. The experiments were carried out based on randomized complete block design arranged in factorial with three replications. The experimental treatments included N rates at three levels (0, 50, and 100 kg ha?1), Zn rates at three levels (0, 5, and 10 kg ha?1), and saline water at two levels (8 and 16 dS m?1 as saline and ultra-saline water). According to the results, N and Zn application had a significant effect on the plant height, pod number per plant, and seed yield. However, the value of these traits decreased as a result of the higher salinity level (from 8 to 16 dS m?1). From the results, the glucosinolate content was not affected by N or Zn fertilization, whereas, salinity increased the glucosinolate content from 27.51% to 30.06% when saline water and ultra-saline water were applied, respectively. In addition, the effect of ultra-saline water on the decrease in the N, phosphorous, potassium, and calcium uptake and the increase in the sodium and chlorine accumulation in canola seed was significant. However, Zn application could diminish adverse effects of salinity on phosphorus uptake. For instance, under ultra-saline water conditions, application of 10 kg ha?1 Zn increased the seed phosphorus content compared with control treatment. In general, it seems that nutrients’ supply, especially N and Zn, can be considered as an effective solution to diminish adverse effects of salinity. 相似文献
20.
施肥对菜园土壤养分淋溶流失浓度的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用盆栽种植空心菜和菜心并收集测定土壤渗漏水氮磷钾养分浓度,研究了不同施肥水平对土壤氮磷钾淋溶流失浓度的影响。试验表明,在较大施肥量或化肥当季损失量范围内,土壤渗漏水硝态氮、总磷和钾浓度与氮、磷、钾施肥量或损失量之间呈非线性关系,但在中低施肥量时则表现为线性关系。化肥当季损失量与土壤渗漏水养分浓度呈显著水平的线性正相关,由此提出“双速率转折点”概念用以评价土壤养分流失潜力。当施肥量或化肥当季损失量超过双速率转折点X0后,土壤淋溶排水养分浓度将以非线性形式急剧增加。因此,从环保角度看,施肥量不应超过X0。盆栽试验表明,以化肥当季损失量为基础的灰泥土、灰黄泥土和黄泥土的氮肥X0分别为每盆N 0.35、0.32和0.34 g,磷肥X0分别为每盆P 0.06、0.06和0.09 g,灰泥土和灰黄泥土的钾肥X0则分别为K 0.17和0.18 g;与土壤渗漏水养分浓度为基础所确定的氮、磷、钾X0有显著水平的线性正相关。以环保为目标的氮磷钾用量X0大多数低于以产量为目标的经济施肥量。化肥当季损失量参数较易获得,可作为环保施肥的依据。 相似文献