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1.
不同播种方式对合丰50品质、产量及产量构成因子的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
采用裂区试验设计研究了合丰50在不同播法和种植密度条件下的品质、产量及产量构成因子.结果表明:播法对品质、产量和所有产量性状的影响均不显著,其中穴播对产量、脂肪含量、单株荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重的正向效应均是最大的.密度对百粒重、脂肪含量均无显著影响,但对其它性状均有显著的影响.随密度增加,蛋白质含量逐渐增加,单株荚数、单株粒数和单株粒重逐渐减少;在不同密度处理下,26万株·hm-2、23万株·hm-2与20万株·hm-2之间产量差异显著,26万株·hm-2为合丰50高产的最佳密度. 相似文献
2.
春玉米果穗性状对种植密度的响应研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
2015~2016年,选用耐密、适应性广的高产品种先玉335、郑单958和KX3564为试验材料,设置从15 000~180 000株/hm~2不同密度处理,研究种植密度对玉米产量及果穗性状的影响。结果表明,在不同种植密度下,各品种产量均随着密度呈先增加后减少的趋势,符合二次曲线关系。由拟合方程得到最高产量为19 259.55 kg/hm~2,低于实际最高单产,3个品种连续两年在90 000株/hm~2密度下获得最高产量。相关分析显示,单穗粒重、行粒数与产量呈极显著正相关。随着密度的升高,穗行数、行粒数、穗长、穗粗、单穗粒重下降,秃尖长增加;百粒重、单穗粒重与密度呈一般线性关系,且都呈极显著负相关。在保证合理密植条件下,通过协调好穗长与行粒数、穗粗与行粒数、百粒重与穗行数之间的关系,可以在当前密度下获得高产。 相似文献
3.
种植密度与施氮水平对优质蛋白玉米中单9409产量及子粒粗蛋白质含量的影响 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
在3种种植密度和4种供氮水平下研究了种植密度和施氮量对中单9409产量及子粒粗蛋白含量的影响.种植密度和施氮量均对优质蛋白玉米中单9409的子粒粗蛋白质含量有显著影响,且二者互作效应显著.种植密度之间,以最高产量对应的种植密度的粗蛋白质含量最低,子粒粗蛋白质含量随种植密度的变化动态受施氮量的影响;施氮对子粒粗蛋白质含量的影响与种植密度有关,低密度下,以中等施氮量处理的粗蛋白质含量最高,高密度下,则以中等施氮量处理的粗蛋白质含量最低.本试验条件下玉米子粒粗蛋白质含量与产量呈显著负相关,与穗粒数、百粒重、穗粒重均呈显著正相关;与粗脂肪、粗淀粉含量均呈负相关,但与粗脂肪含量相关不显著. 相似文献
4.
通过气相色谱法,对3个不同环境下合丰25(亚麻酸含量7.48%)×父本L-5(亚麻酸含量2.66%)的F6代重组自交系籽粒的脂肪酸组分含量进行测定.分析了不同地点的5种脂肪酸的相对含量之间以及与主要农艺性状的相关性.结果表明:不同地点重组自交系内5种脂肪酸的相对含量差异显著,且在不同地理条件下脂肪酸的变异系数变化趋势相同.油酸,亚油酸和亚麻酸之间的相关关系很稳定,均为亚油酸与亚麻酸呈显著正相关,而油酸与二者都呈极显著负相关.亚麻酸与百粒重呈极显著正相关,表明可以利用百粒重对亚麻酸进行间接选择.不同环境条件下脂肪酸含量与百粒重的通径系数不尽相同,说明通过百粒重进行间接选择,只能作为选育低亚麻酸品种的辅助手段. 相似文献
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6.
测定了161份不同类型水稻材料的谷粒、糙米的密度及其粒型参数。结果表明,谷粒的密度与谷粒千粒重、谷粒粒长呈极显著正相关,与谷粒长宽比和谷粒百粒体积显著正相关;糙米的密度与糙米千粒重、糙米粒长、糙米百粒体积、糙米粒厚均呈极显著正相关,与糙米宽显著正相关。通径分析表明,谷粒和糙米的千粒重对密度的直接正效应最大;百粒体积和粒宽对密度的直接负效应较大;谷粒其他性状也多是通过谷粒千粒重和百粒体积来间接影响谷粒密度的;而糙米不同性状的间接效应较复杂。谷粒回归模型表明,需增加合理解释谷粒密度变异的预测变量;而糙米回归模型表明,糙米千粒重、粒厚、百粒体积可解释糙米密度因变量的70.2%。 相似文献
7.
夏玉米高产群体形态质量指标的研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
玉米品种掖单22不同群体密度的田间试验结果表明,群体密度(X)与产量(y)呈二次曲线关系,回归方程为y=127.53+406.16X-39.42X2;与单株粒数、穗重、百粒重呈显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.988 9**、-0.9949**和-0.981 6**;穗位以上叶面积(X)与产量(y)呈直线关系,回归方程为y=154.44+0.308 6X,r=0.961 3**;节间长度与穗重、穗粒数、百粒重呈负相关,穗粗、重量与之呈正相关.每公顷产量13 500kg时,适宜群体密度为6.69万～8.75万株/hm2,单株穗位以上叶面积为3 406.2～4 765.7 cm2,单株地上根条数达到35～46条. 相似文献
8.
灰色关联分析法在夏大豆育种上的应用 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
选用河南省1985～2005年间通过国审的16个大豆品种,应用灰色关联分析法研究了产量、蛋白质和脂肪含量与农艺指标之间的相关关系.结果表明:产量与株高(γ=0.69**)、单株荚数(γ=0.69**),百粒重(γ=0.65**)分别极显著正相关,且株高、单株荚数和百粒重三者之间相互极显著正相关.蛋白质和脂肪含量与农艺指标之间相关均不显著.产量、蛋白质含量和脂肪含量与农艺性状之间的关联序分别为单株荚数(0.7534)株高(0.7449)百粒重(0.7375)生育期(0.6981)分枝数(0.6517),百粒重(0.67979)株高(0.67743)分枝数(0.65838)单株荚数(0.64921)生育期(0.62917),生育期(0.67170)百粒重(0.65976)株高(0.65568)单株荚数(0.63310)分枝数(0.60824).表明在河南省生态条件下,夏大豆高产育种的主攻方向为:选择单株荚数多、植株较高的品种(系),同时加强对百粒重的选择,而对生育期和分枝数的选择可适当放宽要求.通过农艺性状的选择对优质育种有促进作用,但效果不显著,实现优质育种和高产育种协调统一的困难较大. 相似文献
9.
黄淮海地区大豆品种脂肪酸组成成分及其变化规律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解黄淮海地区大豆种质资源不同脂肪酸含量的差异,掌握各脂肪酸成分含量间的相关关系,对黄淮海地区8个省份的2141份大豆品种的粗脂肪与脂肪酸各组成成分进行了分析研究.结果表明:通过长期的人工定向选择,大豆脂肪酸中不饱和脂肪酸含量增加.但亚油酸、亚麻酸含量下降.不同省份之间的大豆品种资源在脂肪酸的不同组成成分上存在较明显差异,具有丰富的遗传多样性.通过相关性分析发现亚油酸、亚麻酸与百粒重和粗脂肪之间呈极显著负相关关系,说明在提高百粒重和粗脂肪含量的同时提高必需脂肪酸含量,采用常规育种技术比较困难. 相似文献
10.
《中国油料作物学报》2017,(2)
为明确双斑萤叶甲Monolepta hieroglyphica(Motschulsky)成虫危害对大豆产量损失的影响及其经济阈值,采用田间系统调查和小区罩网接虫方法,研究了不同虫口密度下大豆产量性状的变化规律。结果表明,在长春地区,双斑萤叶甲成虫在大豆田间发生危害的高峰期为7月26日到8月22日,共40 d,随着该害虫虫口密度上升,大豆植株有效结荚数降低,瘪荚率上升,百粒重下降,同时大豆的产量显著降低。双斑萤叶甲成虫密度与大豆瘪荚率的关系符合逻辑斯蒂模型y=8.720/(1+e~((0.718 9-0.026 0x))),与百粒重之间的关系符合二次曲线模型y=19.608 5-0.155x+0.002 4x~2,与大豆产量的关系符合修正指数模型(y=53.207 8+33.408 9×0.940 8x,p0.000 1),与产量损失间的关系符合二次函数模型(y=-0.602 8+1.812 6x-0.025 8x~2,p0.01)。目前,大豆生产中使用有效药剂2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯EC(135m L/hm~2)和90%灭多威DP(180g/hm~2)防治双斑萤叶甲时,其经济危害允许水平分别为2.81%、2.91%,经济阈值分别为193.63头/百株和199.47头/百株。 相似文献
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12.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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15.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
16.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
17.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
18.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
19.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
20.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献