共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Abstract Brassicaceae plants have the potential as part of an integrated approach to replace fumigant nematicides, providing the biofumigation response following their incorporation is not offset by reproduction of plant-parasitic nematodes on their roots. Forty-three Brassicaceae cultivars were screened in a pot trial for their ability to reduce reproduction of three root-knot nematode isolates from north Queensland, Australia: M. arenaria (NQ1), M. javanica (NQ2) and M. arenaria race 2 (NQ5/7). No cultivar was found to consistently reduce nematode reproduction relative to forage sorghum, the current industry standard, although a commercial fodder radish (Raphanus sativus) and a white mustard (Sinapis alba) line were consistently as resistant to the formation of galls as forage sorghum. A second pot trial screened five commercially available Brassicaceae cultivars, selected for their biofumigation potential, for resistance to two nematode species, M. javanica (NQ2) and M. arenaria (NQ5/7). The fodder radish cv. Weedcheck, was found to be as resistant as forage sorghum to nematode reproduction. A multivariate cluster analysis using the resistance measurements, gall index, nematode number per g of root and multiplication for two nematode species (NQ2 and NQ5/7) confirmed the similarity in resistance between the radish cultivar and forage sorghum. A field trial confirmed the resistance of the fodder radish cv. Weedcheck, with a similar reduction in the number of Meloidogyne spp. juveniles recovered from the roots 8 weeks after planting. The use of fodder radish cultivars as biofumigation crops to manage root-knot nematodes in tropical vegetable production systems deserves further investigation. 相似文献
2.
Hypersensitive-like reaction conferred by the Mex-1 resistance gene against Meloidogyne exigua in coffee 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The response of a susceptible coffee cultivar (Caturra) to infection by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne exigua was compared histologically with that of cv. Iapar 59 possessing the recently identified Mex-1 resistance gene. The reproductive behaviour of the nematode was also compared in the two cultivars. Penetration and development in resistant plants were reduced in comparison with susceptible plants. Several cell features, including dark-stained cytoplasm and altered organelle structure, were observed in the resistant cultivar, indicating a hypersensitive-like (HR) response of the infested host cells. Features of giant cells were sometimes found beside necrotic-like areas, but the corresponding feeding sites were frequently associated with nematodes displaying abnormal shape. Six weeks after inoculation, root systems of cv. Caturra contained significantly more nematodes than those of cv. Iapar 59 (mean values 1574 and 41, respectively). The susceptible cultivar presented a minimum of 11 galls per plant, compared with only one or two galls per plant in the resistant cultivar. The findings are discussed in the context of plant–pathogen interactions. 相似文献
3.
Cf-2/Rcr3~(pim)基因型番茄不仅能够抵御番茄叶霉菌的侵染,而且对马铃薯金线虫的寄生也有一定的抑制效果。为挖掘根结线虫的新抗性资源,本研究采用室内人工接种法测定了Cf-0/Rcr3~(pim)、Cf-2/Rcr3-3和Cf-2/Rcr3~(pim)基因型番茄品系对南方根结线虫的抗感性。抗性评价结果显示,Cf-0/Rcr3~(pim)品系对南方根结线虫表现高感,Cf-2/Rcr3-3品系为中感,而Cf-2/Rcr3~(pim)品系则为感病。与Cf-0/Rcr3~(pim)和Cf-2/Rcr3-3基因型相比,Cf-2/Rcr3~(pim)基因型番茄品系虽然对南方根结线虫侵染的敏感性略低,但是不能阻止线虫在根系上的大量繁殖,不适于根结线虫的防控应用。 相似文献
4.
Abstract The development of root-knot nematode resistant vegetable varieties has provided an alternative control method to chemical and crop rotation. The term resistance is discussed. Work on 18 vegetables is reviewed. Thirty tomato strains resistant to one or more Meloidogyne sp. are listed, there was a marked absence of reports on varieties resistant to M. hapla. Several workers have observed resistance in some cultivated and wild Solanum spp. The resistance could be increased by further sib and backcrossing experiments. Eggplant varieties tested for resistance to Meloidogyne spp. showed varying degrees of resistance in about 14 varieties. Further backcrossing studies between Solanum melongena and S. sysimbrifolium could provide useful results. Tests on resistance to nematodes in pepper have revealed many resistant varieties. All the pepper varieties tested were susceptible to M. hapla. The nature of resistance in sweet potato has been studied. Some varieties of Cucumis spp. have been found to be resistant to Meloidogyne spp. Since no resistance was found in C. melo, these wild species could be used in the development of a commercial muskmelon variety. Tests with 83 watermelon varieties indicated that all varieties were resistant to M. hapla. It was difficult to find resistance to Meloidogyne spp. in Cucurbita, but tests on wild species have yet to be carried out. Work on lima bean, snap bean, pea, soyabean, cowpea and broadbean has produced a limited number of resistant vegetable varieties, which are described. Since resistance patterns in plants may change under different environmental or biological conditions, it is essential to test varieties under these conditions for a long period before they are released for commercial cultivation. The advantages of using resistant vegetable varieties, as compared with other methods of pest control, are outlined. 相似文献
5.
Coffee corky-root disease, also called corchosis, was first detected in 1974 in a small area of Costa Rica where the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne arabicida is the dominant species. An epidemiological study revealed a constant association between Meloidogyne spp. and Fusarium sp. in cases of corky root. No corky root appears to have been reported in association with Meloidogyne exigua , which is the prevalent root-knot nematode on coffee in Costa Rica. Fusarium spp. are often cited as components of disease complexes in association with nematodes. Combined inoculations using M. arabicida or M. exigua with Fusarium oxysporum under controlled conditions showed that only the combination with M. arabicida produced corky-root symptoms on Coffea arabica cvs Caturra or Catuai. Fusarium oxysporum alone was nonpathogenic. Meloidogyne exigua or M. arabicida alone caused galls and reduction in shoot height, but no corky-root symptoms. When cultivars susceptible and resistant to M. arabicida were studied under field conditions for 5 years, all the susceptible cultivars exhibited corky-root symptoms on 40–80% of their root systems. Cultivars that were resistant to M. arabicida but not to M. exigua showed no corky root. These observations lead to the conclusion that corky-root disease has a complex etiology, and emphasize the dominant role of M. arabicida as a predisposing agent to subsequent invasion by F. oxysporum . Consequently, genetic resistance to M. arabicida appears to provide an effective strategy against the disease. 相似文献
6.
Caroline Djian-Caporalino Sergio Molinari Alain Palloix Aurelio Ciancio Ariane Fazari Nathalie Marteu Nicolas Ris Philippe Castagnone-Sereno 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,131(3):431-440
The emergence of virulent root-knot nematode populations, able to overcome the resistance conferred by some of the resistance
genes (R-genes) in Solanaceous crops, i.e., Mi(s) in tomato, Me(s) in pepper, may constitute a severe limitation to their use in the field. Research has been conducted to evaluate the durability
of these R-genes, by comparing the reproduction of several laboratory-selected and wild virulent Meloidogyne incognita isolates, on both susceptible and resistant tomatoes and peppers. We first show that the Me1 R-gene in pepper behaves as a robust R-gene controlling avirulent and virulent Me3, Me7 or Mi-1 isolates. Although the reproductive potential of the virulent isolates was highly variable on susceptible and resistant plants,
we also confirm that virulence is highly specific to a determined R-gene on which selection has occurred. Another significant
experimental result is the observation that a reproductive fitness cost is associated with nematode virulence against Mi-1 in tomato and Me3 and Me7 in pepper. The adaptative significance of trade-offs between selected characters and fitness-related traits, suggests that,
although the resistance can be broken, it may be preserved in some conditions if the virulent nematodes are counter-selected
in susceptible plants. All these results have important consequences for the management of plant resistance in the field. 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
Margarida Caetano Dias Isabel Luci Conceição Isabel Abrantes Maria José Cunha 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,133(1):171-179
Plant-parasitic nematodes are serious pests causing important crop losses worldwide. After extensive screening of non-tuber-bearing
Solanaceae, a resistant trap crop, Solanum sisymbriifolium, with a high production level of hatching agents, seemed an ideal control method for potato cyst nematodes (PCN), Globodera spp. Recently, root-knot nematodes (RKN), Meloidogyne spp., were found coexisting with PCN. Therefore, it is important to find alternative methods to control both nematode genera.
The chemical properties of S. sisymbriifolium turns this plant into an excellent candidate for further nematicidal studies and to develop new crop production models. Studies
concerning the effects of this plant on plant-parasitic nematodes are presented. Pathogenicity studies with four S. sisymbriifolium cvs (Domino, Pion, Sis 4004 and Sharp) and five Meloidogyne species showed that all cultivars of S. sisymbriifolium studied were resistant to M. chitwoodi and hypersusceptible to M. arenaria and M. hapla. For M. hispanica only cv Pion was susceptible. M. javanica induced different responses: cvs Pion and Sharp were susceptible; cv Domino resistant and Sis 4004 hypersusceptible. The
studies of the hatching effects of root exudates from these cvs showed that they had an influence on the hatching inhibition
of second stage juveniles of the five Meloidogyne species tested. 相似文献
10.
Protection of olive planting stocks against parasitism of root-knot nematodes by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
P. Castillo A. I. Nico C. Azcón-Aguilar C. Del Río Rincón C. Calvet R. M. Jiménez-Díaz 《Plant pathology》2006,55(5):705-713
The effects were investigated, under controlled conditions, of single and joint inoculation of olive planting stocks cvs Arbequina and Picual with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus intraradices , Glomus mosseae or Glomus viscosum , and the root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica , on plant performance and nematode infection. Establishment of the fungal symbiosis significantly increased growth of olive plants by 88·9% within a range of 11·9–214·0%, irrespective of olive cultivar, plant age and infection by M. incognita or M. javanica . In plants free from AMF, infection by Meloidogyne spp. significantly reduced the plant main stem diameter by 22·8–38·6%, irrespective of cultivar and plant age. Establishment of AMF in olive plants significantly reduced severity of root galling by 6·3–36·8% as well as reproduction of both Meloidogyne spp. by 11·8–35·7%, indicating a protective effect against parasitism by root-knot nematodes. Infection by the nematodes influenced root colonization by AMF, but the net effect depended on the AMF isolate–olive cultivar combination. It is concluded that prior inoculation of olive plants with AMF may contribute to improving the health status and vigour of cvs Arbequina and Picual planting stocks during nursery propagation. 相似文献
11.
Luc Villain Jamel Aribi Georges Réversat François Anthony 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,128(4):451-458
Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) threaten the livelihood of millions of farmers producing coffee worldwide. The use of resistant plants either as cultivars
or rootstocks appears to be the single most effective method of control. A screening method was developed to evaluate large
populations of plants for resistance to root-knot nematodes. Two coffee cultivars, one susceptible and the other resistant
to Meloidogyne paranaensis, were grown under controlled conditions in two substrates: a commercial sieved potting compost and an inert substrate containing
sand with a water-absorbent synthetic polymer. Plant growth and development and nematode multiplication were compared for
two inoculation dates (2 and 8 weeks after planting) and two evaluation dates (eight and 13 weeks after inoculation). Root
growth, but not nematode multiplication, was influenced by the choice of substrate. Evaluation of the differences in root
weight and nematode numbers between the different cultivars, substrates and dates of inoculation suggested that an optimal
condition could be defined. The best discrimination between susceptible and resistant plants was found in the experiment where
inoculation occurred at 2 weeks after planting and evaluation occurred at 8 weeks after inoculation. Because the total duration
of this experiment was only 3 months, high-throughput evaluation was possible, opening up new possibilities for screening
large germplasm collections and studying the genetic control of root-knot nematode resistance in coffee. 相似文献
12.
The effect of root-knot nematodes ( Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita ) on production of the isoflavonoid phytolexin, cajanol, was investigated in pigeonpea ( Cajanus cajan ) plants infected with Fusarium udum , the causal organism of Fusarium wilt. Seven-day-old seedlings of a wilt-resistant pigeonpea cultivar, ICP 9145 and a wilt-susceptible cultivar, Malawi Local, both of which were moderately susceptible to the nematode, were grown in soil infested with 2000 Meloidogyne juyeniles per plant. A duplicate set of plants remained free from nematodes. Twenty-one days later, all the plants were inoculated with F. udum by stem puncture. Quantitative estimates of cajanol in the vascular tissues were made at intervals up to 15 days after inoculation with the fungus. No external symptoms of wilt appeared in any plants of the wilt-resistant cultivar in the absence of the nematode. However, when inoculated with the nematode, two thirds of the plants developed wilt symptoms. Cajanol levels were lower in both the wilt-resistant and wilt-susceptible plants in the presence of the nematode than in its absence, although this effect was considerably more marked in the wilt-resistant cultivar. These results indicate that the root-knot nematode is capable of breaking resistance of ICP 9145 to Fusarium wilt and that at least part of the mechanism of this effect is retarded cajanol accumulation. 相似文献
13.
为探明酸黄瓜南方根结线虫病抗性的内在机理,以抗病材料酸黄瓜与感病材料北京截头为试材,对南方根结线虫侵入与幼虫发育、根的解剖学及线虫侵入诱导形成的取食位点的细胞学结构进行了比较研究。结果表明,抗病材料酸黄瓜根系中线虫侵入率极显著低于感病材料北京截头(P0.01),酸黄瓜能够有效抵抗南方根结线虫的侵入;抗、感材料根系中雌雄虫个体比例分别为1∶12和1∶5(P0.01),抗性反应能够抑制线虫取食和幼虫发育;酸黄瓜根的解剖结构与普通栽培黄瓜相似,酸黄瓜的根不具有结构抗性;抗病反应中细胞发生过敏性坏死,感病反应中无此类现象发生。抗侵入、抑制取食和坏死反应是抗病材料酸黄瓜抗性反应的主要特征。 相似文献
14.
Evaluation of chemical and integrated strategies as alternatives to methyl bromide for the control of root-knot nematodes in Greece 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Current environmental awareness has led to a greater demand for alternative nematode control strategies. Three field experiments were established to compare management tactics on cucumber in commercial greenhouses naturally infested with root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp). Cucumber rootstocks which have shown resistance to soil-borne diseases were tested to reveal any resistance/tolerance to root-knot nematodes, and integration of these rootstocks with nematicides was investigated. Metham-sodium and 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) provided good control of nematode populations when their application was followed by the application of a non-fumigant nematicide such as cadusafos or oxamyl. Neither fumigant could provide season-long control of nematode populations, and a further application of cadusafos was required for satisfactory control. The efficacy of metham-sodium was significantly increased when injected into soil in comparison with its application through the drip irrigation system. The use of rootstocks resistant to soil-borne fungal pathogens used together with chemical means of nematode control provided promising results for their further use in integrated strategies as alternatives to methyl bromide. However, the latter was the superior treatment for the control of root-knot nematodes in soil infested with residues of galled roots. Dazomet, metham-sodium nor the non-fumigant nematicides oxamyl and fenamiphos could reduce nematode population as efficiently as methyl bromide. None of the chemicals tested except methyl bromide could enter galled roots and kill surviving nematodes. 相似文献
15.
P. Castagnone-Sereno M. Bongiovanni A. Palloix A. Dalmasso 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1996,102(6):585-590
Experiments were designed to analyze the relationships between the root-knot nematodeMeloidogyne incognita and resistant tomato and pepper genotypes. From a natural avirulent isolate, near-isogenic nematode lineages were selected with virulence either against the tomatoMi resistance gene or the pepperMe3 resistance gene. Despite the drastic selection pressure used, nematodes appeared unable to overcome the pepperMe1 gene, therefore suggesting some differences in the resistance conferred byMe1 andMe3 in this species. Nematodes virulent onMi-resistant tomatoes were not able to reproduce onMe1-resistant nor onMe3-resistant peppers, and nematodes virulent onMe3-resistant peppers were not able to reproduce onMi-resistant tomatoes nor onMe1-resistant peppers. These results clearly demonstrate the specificity ofM. incognita virulence against resistance genes from both tomato and pepper, and indirectly suggest that gene-for-gene relationships could occur between these two solanaceous crops and the nematode. 相似文献
16.
C. M. L. Lopes J. E. Cares F. J. Perina G. F. Nascimento J. S. F. Mendonça A. W. Moita P. Castagnone-Sereno R. M. D. G. Carneiro 《Plant pathology》2019,68(4):816-824
The root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita is the main nematode causing losses to the cotton crop in Brazil. In order to implement control strategies within integrated management, an accurate identification of the nematode populations prevailing in the cotton production areas is necessary. This study aimed to assess the genetic variability and aggressiveness of RKN populations from cotton production areas in Bahia state, Brazil. All populations were characterized biochemically and molecularly and identified as M. incognita. RAPD and AFLP markers detected 44% of polymorphic fragments among the 13 populations of this species. The 10 M. incognita populations collected in Bahia presented 33.7% of diversity when compared to each other, and 25% when the population from Barreiras (the most polymorphic) was excluded. This polymorphism increased when populations from other Brazilian states were included. The aggressiveness and virulence among populations from Bahia towards different cotton accessions (susceptible/resistant) was also studied. None of the populations showed virulence against the moderately resistant (Clevewilt 6, Wild Mexican Jack Jones and LA 887) and highly resistant (CIR1348 and M-315 RNR) cultivars. Two M. incognita populations from Barreiras were the most aggressive, reaching reproduction factors of 539 and 218, respectively, in the susceptible cultivar FiberMax 966. The most aggressive population (8) was also the most genetically divergent in phylogenetic analyses. These results demonstrate that diversity of M. incognita populations from cotton farms in Bahia is not related to virulence against resistant accessions, which suggests that cultivars containing one or two resistance genes with good agronomic characteristics could be used in infested commercial areas in Bahia state, Brazil. 相似文献
17.
Experiments were conducted to determine the effectiveness and profitability of the Mi-resistance gene in tomato in suppressing populations of Meloidogyne javanica in a plastic-house with a natural infestation of the nematode. Experiments were also conducted to test for virulence and durability of the resistance. Monika (Mi-gene resistant) and Durinta (susceptible) tomato cultivars were cropped for three consecutive seasons in non-fumigated or in soil fumigated with methyl bromide at 75 g m–2 and at a cost of 2.44 euros m–2. Nematode densities were determined at the beginning and end of each crop. Yield was assessed in eight plants per plot weekly for 6 weeks. The Pf/Pi values were 0.28 and 21.6 after three crops of resistant or susceptible cultivars, respectively. Growth of resistant as opposed to susceptible tomato cultivars in non-fumigated soil increased profits by 30,000 euros ha–1. The resistant Monika in non-fumigated soil yielded similarly (P > 0.05) to the susceptible Durinta in methyl bromide fumigated soil but the resistant tomato provided a benefit of 8800 euros ha–1 over the susceptible one because of the cost of fumigation. Selection for virulence did not occur, although the nematode population subjected to the resistant cultivar for three consecutive seasons produced four times more eggs than the population on the susceptible one. Such a difference was also shown when the resistant cultivar was subjected to high continuous inoculum pressure for 14 weeks. The Mi-resistance gene can be an effective and economic alternative to methyl bromide in plastic-houses infested with root-knot nematodes, but should be used in an integrated management context to preserve its durability and prevent the selection of virulent populations due to variability in isolate reproduction and environmental conditions. 相似文献
18.
Abstract Screening tests on 162 tomato cultivars and hybrids conducted at the Division of Horticulture, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during 1967-8 indicated a high degree of resistance to root-knot nematodes in Nematex, VFN-8, 65N215-1, 65N255-1 and S1-120, under field and laboratory conditions. The degree of resistance varied with the species of Meloidogyne. Nematex was immune to M. javanica, M. incognita and M. arenaria. VFN-8, 65N215-1 and 65N255-1 were immune to M. incognita and M. arenaria and resistant to M. javanica. S1-120, a commercial cultivar, showed a high degree of tolerance to M. javanica, M. incognita and M. arenaria. The degree of resistance varied with nematode population density. 相似文献
19.
Since weeds serve as hosts for nematode pests, the host status of 20 weed species (commonly occurring in fields of developing farmers) to Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica, respectively, were investigated. Greenhouse studies showed that seven weed species had Rf values >1 for both nematode species indicating susceptibility, while 13 had Rf values ≤ 1 indicating resistance. Greenhouse results showed that Hibiscus trionum and Amaranthus tricolor were identified as the most susceptible and Chenopodium carinatum and Datura ferox the poorest hosts for M. incognita and M. javanica. For field experiments at Kuruman, Solanum retroflexum was the most susceptible weed to a M. javanica population, while the same was evident for H. trionum at Nelspruit, where a mixed population of M. incognita and M. javanica occurred and at Potchefstroom, where a population of M. incognita was present. Results from this study indicated that certain weed species are highly susceptible to root-knot nematodes and should be removed timely and effectively to prevent population level increases of root-knot nematode pests in the fields of farmers. 相似文献
20.
ABSTRACT High infection rates of wild olive (Olea europaea sp. sylvestris) feeder roots and soil infestation by a new root-knot nematode were found in sandy soil at Vejer de la Frontera (Cádiz), southern Spain. Morphometric traits and analyses of the nematode esterase electrophoretic pattern as well as of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1)-5.8S gene and D2-D3 fragment of the 28S gene of rDNA showed that specimens differed clearly from known root-knot nematodes. Studies of host-parasite relationships showed a typical susceptible reaction in naturally infected wild olive plants and in olive planting stocks (cvs. Arbequina and Picual) artificially inoculated with the nematode. However, the nematode did not reproduce in artificially inoculated chickpea, pea, and tomato. Because of the ability of this new nematode to infect wild and cultivated olives only, we suggest the common name, "Mediterranean olive root-knot nematode." The species is herein described and illustrated, and named as Meloidogyne baetica n. sp. The new root-knot nematode can be distinguished from other Meloidogyne spp. by (i) the perineal pattern, which is almost similar to that of M. artiellia, characterized by distinct inner striae forming two distinct longitudinal bands, extending throughout the perineum to just below the vulva; (ii) female excretory pore anterior to the level of stylet knobs, excretory pore distance from anterior end/length of stylet ratio extremely small (0.5 to 0.8); and (iii) second-stage juveniles with elongate-conoid tail. Phylogenetic trees derived from maximum parsimony analyses showed that M. baetica is closely related to M. artiellia, the cereal and legume root-knot nematode. 相似文献