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1.
Race TTKSK (or Ug99) of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici possesses virulence to several stem rust resistance genes commonly present in wheat cultivars grown worldwide. New variants detected in the race TTKSK lineage further broadened the virulence spectrum. The identification of sources of genetic resistance to race TTKSK and its relatives is necessary to enable the development and deployment of resistant varieties. Accessions of Triticum monococcum, an A-genome diploid wild and cultivated wheat, have previously been characterized as resistant to stem rust. Three resistance genes were identified and introgressed into hexaploid wheat: Sr21, Sr22, and Sr35. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic control and allelic relationships of resistance to race TTKSK in T. monococcum accessions identified through evaluations at the seedling stage. Generation F(2) progeny of 8 crosses between resistant and susceptible accessions and 13 crosses between resistant accessions of T. monococcum were evaluated with race TTKSK and often with North American races, including races QFCSC, TTTTF, and MCCFC. For a selected population segregating for three genes conferring resistance to race TTKSK, F(2:3) progeny were evaluated with races TTKSK, QFCSC, and TTTTF. In that population, we detected two genes conferring resistance to race TTKSK that are different from Sr21, Sr22, and Sr35. One of the new genes was effective to all races tested. The identification of these genes will facilitate the development of varieties with new resistance to race TTKSK. 相似文献
2.
J. E. Parlevliet A. Van Ommeren 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1981,87(4):131-137
The overwintering and the epidemic development in spring of leaf rust was studied in 11 winter barley cultivars at two different sites near Wageningen in 1976/1977. The amount of leaf rust decreased through the winter at both sites. Cultivars differed considerably in the amount of leaf rust in late winter. Both the moment and the rate of increase of leaf rust after the winter varied with cultivars. The ultimate amount of leaf rust in a cultivar was therefore determined by three factors: The amount of overwintering leaf rust, the onset of leaf rust increase and the rate of increase. The latter was determined by the partial resistance of the cultivar. Why the epidemics did not start at the same moment is yet unknown. The differential overwintering could be explained from the amounts of leaf rust and powdery mildew at the start of the winter, the effect of powdery mildew being a negative one. The correlation coefficient between the values observed in March and those predicted from the December leaf rust and powdery mildew readings was 0.93. In a second experiment carried out in 1979/1980 with six winter barley cultivars chosen from the first experiment the powdery mildew was succesfully excluded by treatment with fungicides. There was no decrease in the leaf rust over the winter nor a differential cultivar effect on overwintering. 相似文献
3.
L. Gao E. M. Babiker I. C. Nava J. Nirmala Z. Bedo L. Lang S. Chao S. Gale Y. Jin J. A. Anderson U. Bansal R. F. Park M. N. Rouse J. M. Bonman H. Bariana 《Plant pathology》2019,68(1):143-151
The wheat stem rust fungus, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), race TTKSK and related races pose a serious threat to world wheat production. Knowing the effectiveness of wheat stem rust resistance (Sr) genes against Pgt race TTKSK is fundamental in mitigating this threat through resistance breeding. Sr15 was previously identified as being ineffective against Pgt race TTKSK. Here, multirace disease phenotyping data, linkage analyses, allelism testing and haplotype analyses are presented to support the conclusion that Sr15 is effective against Pgt race TTKSK. Resistance to race TTKSK was mapped to Sr15 in a biparental population. Thirty-two accessions with Sr15 displayed seedling resistance phenotypes against race TTKSK. However, these accessions were susceptible as seedlings at high temperatures (22–25 °C), consistent with previous reports that the interaction between avirulent Pgt isolates and Sr15 is temperature-sensitive. Markers STS638, wri4 and KASP_IWB30995 were found to predict the presence of Sr15, suggesting the utility of these assays for marker-assisted selection in breeding programmes. The effectiveness of Sr15 to specific Pgt races and temperatures makes it a less-desirable TTKSK-effective gene. Wheat lines assayed as resistant to race TTKSK at the seedling stage may possess Sr15 and breeders should be aware of the limitations of Sr15 for conferring stem rust resistance. 相似文献
4.
The effect of film-forming anti-transpirants on leaf rust and powdery mildew incidence on wheat 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Various film-forming anti-transpirants effectively controlled leaf rust and powdery mildew on wheat in the field. Two applications of anti-transpirant emulsions applied after flag leaf emergence were sufficient to suppress leaf rust and powdery mildew on wheat leaves. When applied before, but not after, inoculation anti-transpirant polymers also reduced leaf rust on seedling plants in a growth room experiment. 相似文献
5.
为西北农林科技大学小麦新育成品种（系）在黄淮麦区的大面积推广,该研究对83份西农新育成的小麦品种（系）进行苗期抗条锈病和白粉病鉴定,成株期抗条锈病、白粉病、叶锈病和赤霉病鉴定,并在田间自然环境下对其抗性进行鉴定及对相关抗病基因进行分子检测。结果显示,在苗期人工接种鉴定中,有63、29和16份小麦品种（系）分别对条锈菌Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici生理小种CYR32、CYR33和CYR34表现出抗性,9份小麦品种（系）对3个条锈菌生理小种均表现出抗性;有10、3和0份小麦品种（系）分别对白粉菌Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici生理小种E15、E09和A13表现出抗性。在成株期人工接种鉴定中,有23、15、28和62份小麦品种（系）分别对条锈病、白粉病、叶锈病和赤霉病表现出抗性。在83份小麦品种（系）中有6份在苗期和成株期均对小麦条锈病表现出抗性。在田间抗性鉴定中,有57、6、65和40份小麦品种（系）分别对条锈病、白粉病、赤霉病及叶锈病表现出抗性。在83份小麦品种（系）中,3份含有Yr5基因,22份含有Yr9基因,3份含有Yr17基因,2份含有Pm24基因,14份含有Lr1基因,所占比例分别为3.6%、26.5%、3.6%、2.4%和16.8%。 相似文献
6.
ABSTRACT Host plant resistance is an economical and environmentally sound method of control of leaf rust caused by the fungus Puccinia triticina, which is one of the most serious diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum) worldwide. Wild relatives of wheat, including the tetraploid T. timopheevii subsp. armeniacum, represent an important source of genes for resistance to leaf rust. The objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate the performance of leaf rust resistance genes previously transferred to wheat from three accessions of T. timopheevii subsp. armeniacum, (ii) determine inheritance and allelic relationship of the new leaf rust resistance genes, and (iii) determine the genetic map location of one of the T. timopheevii subsp. armeniacum-derived genes using microsatellite markers. The leaf rust resistance gene transferred to hexaploid wheat from accession TA 28 of T. timopheevii subsp. armeniacum exhibited slightly different infection types (ITs) to diverse races of leaf rust in inoculated tests of seedlings compared with the gene transferred from TA 870 and TA 874. High ITs were exhibited when seedlings of all the germ plasm lines were inoculated with P. triticina races MBRL and PNMQ. However, low ITs were observed on adult plants of all lines having the T. timopheevii subsp. armeniacum-derived genes for resistance in the field at locations in Kansas and Texas. Analysis of crosses between resistant germ plasm lines showed that accessions TA 870 and TA 874 donated the same gene for resistance to leaf rust and TA 28 donated an independent resistance gene. The gene donated to germ plasm line KS96WGRC36 from TA 870 of T. timopheevii subsp. armeniacum was linked to microsatellite markers Xgwm382 (6.7 cM) and Xgdm87 (9.4 cM) on wheat chromosome arm 2B long. This new leaf rust resistance gene is designated Lr50. It is the first named gene for leaf rust resistance transferred from wild timopheevi wheat and is the only Lr gene located on the long arm of wheat homoeologous group 2 chromosomes. 相似文献
7.
ABSTRACT Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia hordei, is an important disease of barley in many parts of the world. In the eastern United States, this disease was effectively controlled for over 20 years through the deployment of cultivars carrying the resistance gene Rph7. Isolates of P. hordei with virulence for Rph7 appeared in this region in the early 1990s rendering barley cultivars with this gene vulnerable to leaf rust infection. From a preliminary evaluation test, 13 accessions from diverse geographic locations possessed resistance to P. hordei isolate VA90-34, which has virulence for genes Rph1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 11. Each of these 13 accessions was crossed with susceptible cvs. Moore or Larker to characterize gene number and gene action for resistance to P. hordei. Additionally, the 13 accessions were intercrossed and crossed to host differential lines possessing genes Rph3, Rph5, and Rph9 to determine allelic relationships of resistance genes. Seedlings of F(1), F(2), and BC(1)F(1) populations were evaluated in the greenhouse for their reaction to P. hordei isolate VA90-34. Leaf rust resistance in six of the accessions including Collo sib, CR270.3.2, Deir Alla 105, Giza 119, Gloria, and Lenka is governed by a single dominant gene located at or near the Rph3 locus. All accessions for which the gene Rph3 was postulated to govern leaf rust resistance, except for Deir Alla 105, likely possess an allele different than Rph3.c found in Estate based on the differential reaction to isolates of P. hordei. The resistance gene in Grit and Donan is located at or near the Rph9 locus. Alleles at both the Rph3 and Rph9 loci confer resistance in Femina and Dorina. In addition to Rph3, Caroline and CR366.13.2 likely possess a second unknown recessive gene for leaf rust resistance. Resistance in Carre 180 is governed by a recessive gene that is different from all other genes considered in this study. Identification of both known and unique genes conferring leaf rust resistance in the barley germplasm included in this study provides breeding programs with the knowledge and opportunity to assess currently used sources of leaf rust resistance and to incorporate new sources of resistance into their programs. 相似文献
8.
小麦条锈菌国际鉴别寄主Lee对中国条锈菌系CY23的抗性遗传分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用常规杂交方法,以国际小麦条锈菌鉴别寄主Lee与感病品种铭贤169杂交、自交、测交,获正、反交的F1、F2和BC1代。根据条锈菌小种的毒性谱,选用CY23单孢菌系,对其双亲及其杂交后代进行苗期抗性鉴定和统计分析,明确抗性基因数目、显隐性、互作方式和抗性特点。结果表明,在正交情况下,Lee对CY23菌系的抗性由1对显性基因和1对隐性基因互补控制,反交情况下也由1对显性基因和1对隐性基因互补控制,正反交分析结果一致,说明Lee对CY23的抗性属核遗传,由1对显性基因和1对隐性基因互补控制。通过对CY23毒性分析和对Yr7、Yr22和Yr23遗传特点研究,表明Lee对CY23抗性的1对显性基因和1对隐性基因分别为Yr7和Yr23,两者互补控制对CY23的抗性。在抗性鉴定中可用CY23区别Yr22与Yr23,并作为标准菌系用于基因推导分析。 相似文献
9.
ABSTRACT Stripe rust is one of the most important diseases of wheat and barley worldwide. On wheat it is caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and on barley by P. striiformis f. sp. hordei Most wheat genotypes are resistant to P. striiformis f. sp. hordei and most barley genotypes are resistant to P. striiformis f. sp. tritici. To determine the genetics of resistance in wheat to P. striiformis f. sp. hordei, crosses were made between wheat genotypes Lemhi (resistant to P. striiformis f. sp. hordei) and PI 478214 (susceptible to P. striiformis f. sp. hordei). The greenhouse seedling test of 150 F(2) progeny from the Lemhi x PI 478214 cross, inoculated with race PSH-14 of P. striiformis f. sp. hordei, indicated that Lemhi has a dominant resistance gene. The single dominant gene was confirmed by testing seedlings of the F(1), BC(1) to the two parents, and 150 F(3) lines from the F(2) plants with the same race. The tests of the F(1), BC(1), and F(3) progeny with race PSH-48 of P. striiformis f. sp. hordei and PST-21 of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici also showed a dominant gene for resistance to these races. Cosegregation analyses of the F(3) data from the tests with the two races of P. striiformis f. sp. hordei and one race of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici suggested that the same gene conferred the resistance to both races of P. striiformis f. sp. hordei, and this gene was different but closely linked to Yr21, a previously reported gene in Lemhi conferring resistance to race PST-21 of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici. A linkage group consisting of 11 resistance gene analog polymorphism (RGAP) markers was established for the genes. The gene was confirmed to be on chromosome 1B by amplification of a set of nullitetrasomic Chinese Spring lines with an RGAP marker linked in repulsion with the resistance allele. The genetic information obtained from this study is useful in understanding interactions between inappropriate hosts and pathogens. The gene identified in Lemhi for resistance to P. striiformis f. sp. hordei should provide resistance to barley stripe rust when introgressed into barley cultivars. 相似文献
10.
小麦新品系YW243抗条锈性鉴定和遗传分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
YW243是最近培育出的兼抗条锈病、白粉病和黄矮病的小麦新品系,本文对其条锈病抗性进行研究。小麦条锈菌苗期接种鉴定表明,YW243高抗CY29、CY30、CY31、CY32、CYSu-11等我国条锈菌流行小种。用26个来自世界各地的菌系接种进行基因推导,结果表明,YW243具有较宽的抗谱,试验中21个已知基因系,仅有Yr5的抗性与YW243相似,但YW243的系谱表明不含有Yr5基因,因此YW243很可能含有一个新的抗条锈病基因。用YW243和京771分别作为抗感亲本进行杂交,后代分离结果表明,YW243对条锈菌CY31的抗性由1个显性基因控制。分子标记初步研究表明,该基因与RAPD引物OPY08扩增出的1条特异DNA片段连锁。 相似文献
11.
Mirlohi A Brueggeman R Drader T Nirmala J Steffenson BJ Kleinhofs A 《Phytopathology》2008,98(8):910-918
The stem rust resistance gene Rpg1 has protected North American barley cultivars from significant yield losses for over 65 years. The remarkable durability of this gene warrants further study as to its possible origin and allelic variation. Eight Swiss barley (Hordeum vulgare) landraces and eight wild barley (H. vulgare subsp. spontaneum) accessions from diverse geographic regions were analyzed to uncover new alleles of Rpg1 and learn about its possible origin. The two germplasm groups included accessions that were resistant and susceptible to Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici pathotype MCCF. Allele-specific primers were utilized to amplify 1 kbp overlapping fragments spanning the Rpg1 gene and sequenced if a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fragment was generated. Variation among the PCR products revealed significant polymorphisms among these Hordeum accessions. Landraces and wild barley accessions susceptible to pathotype MCCF exhibited the highest degree of Rpg1 polymorphism. One resistant landrace (Hv672) and one resistant wild barley accession (WBDC040) yielded all seven Rpg1-specific PCR fragments, but only landrace Hv672 coded for an apparently functional Rpg1 as determined by comparison to previously characterized resistant and susceptible alleles and also resistance to HKHJ, a stem rust pathotype that can specifically detect Rpg1 in the presence of other resistance genes. Accessions resistant to stem rust pathotype MCCF, but completely lacking Rpg1-specific PCR amplification and hybridization with an Rpg1-specific probe, suggested the presence of stem rust resistant gene(s) different from Rpg1 in the Hordeum germplasm pool. Some Rpg1 alleles that retained the ability to autophosphorylate did not confer resistance to Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici pathotype MCCF, confirming our previous observations that autophosphorylation is essential, but not sufficient for disease resistance. Thus, the RPG1 protein plays a complex role in the stem rust disease resistance-signaling pathway. 相似文献
12.
普通小麦“兰考90(6)”品系对白粉病抗性的遗传研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
普通小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)"兰考90(6)"系列品系是以六倍体小黑麦(X Triticosecale Wittmack;AABBRR)为白粉病抗源培育的新的小麦-黑麦1BL/1RS异易位系。这些品系高抗白粉病。小麦白粉病抗性基因推导试验证明,"豫麦66"携带的抗病基因与大多数已经报道的小麦抗白粉病基因不同。用白粉菌[Blumeria graminis (DC.) E. O. Speer f. sp. tritici]单孢堆分离物进行的遗传分析表明,"兰考90(6)"品系携带一个小种专化的隐性抗白粉病基因。对"中国春"和"兰考90(6)21-12"杂交F2分离群体进行1RS染色体检测,结果证明该抗白粉病基因不在1RS染色体臂上。本研究为有效利用"兰考90(6)"系列品系中的抗白粉病基因提供了科学依据。 相似文献
13.
Abstract Cercospora leaf spot, caused by Cercospora canescens and powdery mildew, caused by Erysiphe polygoni are two of the most important fungal diseases of mungbeans. Nearly 4000 accessions of the global mungbean collection at the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center were screened for resistance to these two pathogens. Less than 4% and 12% of the accessions showed resistance to Cercospora leaf spot and powdery mildew, respectively. The level of resistance to Cercospora leaf spot varied and highly resistant lines were not found. A few lines were rated highly resistant to powdery mildew over several years but others were rated moderately resistant or susceptible in other years. 相似文献
14.
ABSTRACT Crown rust, caused by Puccinia coronata var. hordei, is a new disease threat to barley in the Great Plains region of the United States. Deployment of resistant cultivars is the only economically viable option for the control of this disease. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the sources and genetics of crown rust resistance in barley. A geographically diverse sample of barley germ plasm collected around the world (526 accessions total) was evaluated at the seedling stage to P. coronata var. hordei, and only 10 accessions (1.9% of the total) were found resistant. These 10 accessions were also resistant at the adult plant stage in a greenhouse test. Three F(2) populations (Bowman x Hor2596, MR x Hor2596, and MD x Hor2596) were developed to study the inheritance of crown rust resistance in the resistant line Hor2596 (CIho 1243). A close fit to a 3:1 ratio of resistant/susceptible plants was observed in all three populations and is consistent with the segregation of a single resistance gene. F(1) plants from the Bowman x Hor2596 population exhibited slightly higher infection types than the resistant parent, indicating incomplete dominance. The locus symbol Rpc1 and allele symbol Rpc1.a were recommended for the crown rust resistance gene in Hor2596. An attempt was made to associate the Rpc1 locus with one of the seven barley chromosomes by analyzing linkage data with previously mapped morphological markers in crosses with multiple recessive (MR) and multiple dominant (MD) morphological marker stocks. However, no close linkages were detected between Rpc1 and the 20 morphological markers present in the marker stocks. The resistant accessions identified in this study should be useful to breeders for developing barley germ plasm with crown rust resistance. 相似文献
15.
小麦条锈菌鉴别寄主尤皮Ⅱ号抗条锈性遗传分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
小麦品种尤皮Ⅱ号是重要的中国小麦条锈菌鉴别寄主.为研究尤皮Ⅱ号的抗条锈性遗传基础,将该品种分别与感病品种铭贤169及其它抗病品种杂交,获得各组合的F1、BC1和F2代群体.在温室对各组合亲本及F1、BC1和F2代群体进行了苗期抗性鉴定.结果表明,尤皮Ⅱ号对CY29菌系的抗性由两对隐性基因独立或重叠遗传控制;对CY23的抗性由两对显性基因互补遗传控制;对CY31的抗性亦由两对显性基因互补遗传控制,而对Su-1的抗性则由一对显性基因控制.抗CY29的两对基因不抗CY23、CY31和Su-1,因此将这两对基因暂定名为YrJu1和YrJu2.抗CY23的两对基因中,其中一对同时抗CY31和Su-1,该基因与Spaldings prolific中的一对基因等位或紧密连锁,将该基因暂定名为YrJu3;另一对则与抗引655中的一对抗性基因等位或紧密连锁,暂定名为YrJu4.YrJu1、YrJu2、YrJu3和YrJu4均与其它供试品种中的已知抗性基因不同. 相似文献
16.
17.
Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh), is a worldwide disease problem on barley (Hordeum vulgare) with potentially severe impact on yield. Historically, resistance genes have been identified chiefly from cultivated lines and landraces; however, wild barley (H. vulgare subsp. spontaneum) accessions have proven to be extraordinarily rich sources of powdery mildew resistance. This study describes the characterization of a collection of 316 wild barley accessions, known as the Wild Barley Diversity Collection (WBDC), for resistance to powdery mildew and the genetic location of powdery mildew resistance loci. The WBDC was phenotyped for reaction to 40 different Bgh isolates at the seedling stage and genotyped with 10 508 molecular markers. Accessions resistant to all 40 isolates of Bgh were not found; however, three accessions (WBDC 053, 085 and 089) exhibited resistance to 38 of the isolates. Gene postulation analyses revealed that many accessions, while resistant, contained none of the 12 genes present in the Pallas near‐isogenic lines Mla1, Mla3, Mla6, Mla7, Mla9, Mla12, Mla13, Mlk1, MlLa, Mlg, Mlat and Ml(Ru2), suggesting that the accessions carry novel genes or gene combinations. A genome‐wide association study of powdery mildew resistance in the WBDC identified 21 significant marker‐trait associations that resolved into 15 quantitative trait loci. Seven of these loci have not been previously associated with powdery mildew resistance. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the WBDC is a rich source of powdery mildew resistance, and provide genetic tools for incorporating the resistance into barley breeding programmes. 相似文献
18.
S. Fondevilla T. L. W. Carver M. T. Moreno D. Rubiales 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,115(3):309-321
In pea, two single recessive genes, er1 and er2, have been identified for resistance to powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe pisi, but little is known about their mode of action. Pea accessions carrying the genes er1 or er2 and other accessions displaying resistance to powdery mildew in the field were studied. In accessions carrying gene er1, epidermal cell penetration was prevented and very few haustoria or colonies were formed. Under controlled conditions, er1 conferred complete or almost complete resistance to the fungal isolates used and this resistance was not associated with macroscopically visible necrosis. Under field conditions these accessions developed a low level of disease. Resistance in line JI2480 (carrying er2) increased with temperature and leaf age, and complete resistance was expressed only at high temperature (25 °C) or in mature leaves. This resistance was based mainly on post-penetration cell death, complemented by a reduction of percentage penetration success in mature leaves. Combining the resistance provided by gene er1 and by line JI2480 into new cultivars is likely to increase their level of resistance and enhance durability of the protection. 相似文献
19.
Inheritance of rust resistance in Macroptilium atropurpureum 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
R. A. BRAY 《Plant pathology》1988,37(1):88-95
Sixteen accessions of Macroptilium atropurpureum showed a range of reaction types when seedlings were inoculated with a single-urediniospore isolate of Uromyces appendiculatus (rust). Analysis of F2 families of crosses with the susceptible cv. Siratro showed that in seven accessions resistance was dominant, regulated by a single locus in four of these but by more than one locus in the three others. At least three of these loci were identified as non-allelic. In one accession resistance was near-recessive and regulated at a single locus, while combinations of dominant and recessive alleles at different loci explained the segregation of resistance in other accessions. Loci with partial dominance and expressivity varying with environment were also observed. There was some evidence that the expression of resistance could be temperature sensitive and that the fungus exhibited differential virulence. 相似文献
20.
[目的]对3份小麦农家品种‘矮秆芒麦’、‘红头麦’和‘大红头’进行苗期抗性的遗传分析,研究它们的抗白粉病遗传特点,为其在抗病育种中的有效利用提供依据.[方法]将这3份小麦农家品种分别与感病品种‘铭贤169’正、反杂交,获得了F1和F2代.利用白粉菌E09菌株,分别对这3份农家品种、感病亲本‘铭贤169’以及各自的F1和F2代植株进行抗性鉴定.调查统计的数据经卡方测验分析其符合度.[结果]这3份农家品种对白粉菌E09菌株的抗性均由1对隐性核基因控制.[结论]3份农家品种对石家庄本地区的混合白粉病菌表现出良好的抗性,并且对E09的抗性均由1对隐性基因控制.可以进一步对它们进行分子标记及定位研究,为其作为抗源在小麦抗白粉病育种中的应用奠定基础. 相似文献