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1.
Idd Ramathani Moses Biruma Tom Martin Christina Dixelius Patrick Okori 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,131(3):383-392
In order to understand the underlaying causes of new severe turcicum leaf blight outbreaks in East Africa, a survey was undertaken
in Uganda to examine the sorghum—Setosphaeria turcica interaction in terms of disease severity and incidence, the overall fungal population structure, and new resistant resources.
Highest disease severities were recorded on caudatum accessions, whereas kafir genotypes were most resistant. The disease
was more severe in the most humid farmlands compared to moderately dry agro-ecologies. In districts with wide adoption of
the Epuripur variety a very high incidence (100%) of turcicum leaf blight was found. The two S. turcica mating type genes MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 assessed on fungal isolates deriving from both sorghum and maize diseased leaves were found in 20 of 23 districts sampled
and in equal proportions. Upon cross inoculation on maize differential lines, four S. turcica isolates were identified as race 1, two as race 2, and one isolate corresponded to race 0 and race 3, respectively. The remaining
10 S. turcica isolates did not cause any disease symptoms on the maize lines assessed. Highly resistant accessions originating from a regional
collection were found among the five sorghum races (kafir, guinea, caudatum, bicolor and durra), and are now implemented in
new sorghum disease resistance programs. 相似文献
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玉米大斑病菌人工接种方法研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The efficient and accurate method of inoculating Exserohilum turcicum on maize is most important for studying the corn leaf blight. In this study, four approaches including spore suspension spraying, inoculation with grinding infected maize leaves, inoculation liquid inoculum into the leaf whorl and inoculation with inoculated sorghum seeds were compared with natural induction in fields during different growth stages of maize in the greenhouse and field. The results showed that disease incidence of all varieties tested were up to 100% by inoculating with inoculated sorghum seeds during the booting stage (11 to 12 leaf stages). This method will not only guarantee the enough pathogen inocula but also be easy to use, and could be an effective way for disease resistance identification in field and greenhouse. 相似文献
4.
玉米三种叶斑病混发时的流行过程及产量损失研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过2年的田间小区人工接种试验,观察比较了玉米大斑病、弯孢叶斑病和灰斑病单独及混合发生时的流行过程及对玉米产量损失的影响。结果表明,在病害混发初期,病害间无明显的负相关性,随着病情的发展,病害间的负相关性逐渐增大并达到显著水平,说明病害间有明显的抑制作用。病害混发时造成产量损失并不完全等于各病害单独造成损失之和,其中大斑病和弯孢叶斑病、弯孢叶斑病和灰斑病混合发生所造成的损失约为各病害单独造成损失之和的76%～88%,大斑病和灰斑病混合发生所造成的损失可近似看作两种病害各自引起产量损失之和,3种病害同时发生时最终损失率约为各自造成损失之和的67%～72%。 相似文献
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Minaeva Oksana M. Zyubanova Tatyana I. Akimova Elena E. Tereshchenko Natalia N. 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2022,162(1):79-91
European Journal of Plant Pathology - Sorghum anthracnose caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum sublineolum, is one of the most economically important diseases of sorghum globally and in... 相似文献
7.
Development of natural late blight epidemics in pure and mixed plots of potato cultivars with different levels of partial resistance 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans , is the most severe disease of potato worldwide. Controlling late blight epidemics is difficult, and resistance of host cultivars is either not effective enough, or too easily overcome by the pathogen to be used alone. In field trials conducted for 3 years under natural epidemics, late blight severity was significantly lower in a susceptible cultivar growing in rows alternating with partially resistant cultivars (mixtures) than in unmixed plots of the susceptible cultivar alone. Partially resistant cultivars behaved similarly in unmixed and mixed plots. Mixtures of cultivars reduced disease progress rates and sometimes delayed disease onset over unmixed plots, but did so significantly only for the slowest epidemic. This suggests that reduction of area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) in mixtures resulted from the cumulative action of minor effects. Disease distribution was focal in all plots at all dates, as shown by Morisita's index values significantly exceeding 1. Significant yield increases for the susceptible cultivar, and occasionally for the partially resistant ones, were observed in mixed-cultivar plots compared with single-cultivar plots. These results show that cultivar mixtures can significantly reduce natural, polycyclic epidemics in broadleaved plants attacked by pathogens causing rapidly expanding lesions. 相似文献
8.
利用玉米灰斑病菌株20-47、感病玉米品种(掖单13)和抗病玉米品种(沈单10号),在人工气候室和自然条件下对影响玉米灰斑病菌侵染的环境条件和寄主生育期进行了研究。结果表明:玉米灰斑病是属偏高温高湿类型的病害,在温湿度条件不能得到满足时,病害就难以完成侵染发病;病菌接种侵入的最佳温度为25℃左右,水滴条件下侵染最容易;土壤条件特别是氮、磷肥如果施用不均匀、不足或过多,也都可以对结果产生影响,在通常情况下,增施氮、磷肥能提高玉米对灰斑病的抗性;在一定光照强度范围内,光对鉴定结果的影响不明显,但光暗交替更有利于寄主发病;寄主不同生育期对病原菌侵染寄主的影响不同,11～12叶期(喇叭口期)接种,病菌较易侵染。 相似文献
9.
Renata S. Resende Fabricio Á. Rodrigues Juliana M. Soares Carlos R. Casela 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,124(3):533-541
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of silicon (Si) rates on some components of sorghum resistance to anthracnose. Two
2×5 factorial experiments, consisting of two sorghum lines (BR005 and BR009, resistant and susceptible, respectively) and
five Si application rates (0, 0.06, 0.12, 0.24 and 0.30 g Si kg−1 of soil) were arranged in a completely randomised design with three replications. Plants from both lines were inoculated
with a conidial suspension of Colletotrichum sublineolum (1×106 conidia ml−1) 30 days after emergence. The incubation period (IP), latent period (LP60), area under relative infection efficiency progress curve (AURIEPC), area under anthracnose index progress curve (AUAIPC),
final disease severity (FDS), percentage of pigmented leaf area (PLA), and percentage of necrotic leaf area (NLA) were evaluated.
Silicon and calcium (Ca) content in leaf tissue of both lines was also determined. The content of Si in leaf tissue increased
relative to the control by 55 and 58%, respectively, for the susceptible and resistant lines. There was no significant change
in Ca content in leaf tissue for either of the lines; therefore the variations in Si accounted for differences in the level
of disease response. The IP for the resistant line was not affected by Si application rates. The LP60 was not evaluated in the resistant line due to the absence of acervuli. For the resistant line, Si application rates had
no significant effect on AUAIPC, FDS, percentage of PLA, and percentage of NLA. On the susceptible line, a quadratic regression
model best described the effect of Si application rates on IP, LP60, AURIEPC, AUAIPC, FDS, percentage of PLA, and percentage of NLA. The correlation between Si content in leaf tissue of the
susceptible line and the AURIEPC, AUAIPC, FDS, PLA, and NLA was negatively significant (r = −0.57, −0.37, −0.40, −0.67, and −0.77, respectively). There was no correlation between Si content and IP or LP60. The correlation between the percentage of PLA with the percentage of NLA was negatively significant (r = −0.74). In conclusion, the results from this study underscore the importance of Si in sorghum resistance to anthracnose
particularly for the susceptible line. 相似文献
10.
Resende RS Rodrigues FÁ Cavatte PC Martins SC Moreira WR Chaves AR Damatta FM 《Phytopathology》2012,102(9):892-898
Considering the economic importance of anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum sublineolum, and silicon (Si) to enhance sorghum resistance against this disease, this study aimed to investigate the effect of this element on leaf gas exchange and also the antioxidative system when infected by C. sublineolum. Plants from sorghum line CMSXS142 (BR 009 [Tx623] - Texas), growing in hydroponic culture with (+Si, 2 mM) or without (-Si) Si, were inoculated with C. sublineolum. Disease severity was assessed at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days after inoculation (dai) and data were used to calculate the area under anthracnose progress curve (AUAPC). Further, the net carbon assimilation rate (A), stomatal conductance to water vapor (g(s)), internal-to-ambient CO? concentration ratio (C(i)/C(a)), and transpiration rate (E); the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR); the electrolyte leakage (EL), and the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H?O?) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined. The AUAPC was reduced by 86% for the +Si plants compared with the -Si plants. The values of A, g(s), and E were lower upon inoculation of -Si plants in contrast to inoculated +Si plants with decreases of 31 and 60% for A, 34 and 61% for g(s), and 27 and 57% for E, respectively, at 4 and 8 dai. For the noninoculated plants, there was no significant difference between the -Si and +Si treatments for the values of A, g(s), and E. The C(i)/C(a) ratio was similar between the -Si and +Si treatments, regardless of the pathogen inoculation. The activities of SOD, CAT, APX, and GR tended to be higher in the +Si plants compared with the -Si plants upon inoculation with C. sublineolum. The EL significantly increased for -Si plants compared with +Si plants. The MDA concentration significantly increased by 31 and 38% at 4 and 8 dai, respectively, for the -Si plants compared with the +Si plants. Based on these results, Si may have a positive effect on sorghum physiology when infected by C. sublineolum through the maintenance of carbon fixation and also by enhancing the antioxidant system, which resulted in an increase in reactive oxygen species scavenging and, ultimately, reduced damage to the cell membranes. 相似文献
11.
Alemayehu Chala Anne Marte Tronsmo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,132(2):179-189
Field experiments were conducted in the 2007 and 2008 cropping seasons in Wolayta, southern Ethiopia, to assess the reaction
of 56 Ethiopian sorghum accessions and two susceptible checks (AL70 and BTx623) to anthracnose from naturally occurring inoculum.
Final anthracnose severity (FAS), relative area under the disease progress curve (rAUDPC, where a commonly used susceptible
cultivar, AL70, was set to 1), and anthracnose progress rate were used as evaluation parameters. All the evaluation parameters
revealed significant variation among the tested accessions. In 2007, anthracnose severity varied between 6.6 and 77.7%, and
in 2008 it ranged from 9.7% to 76%. The Ethiopian sorghum accessions had rAUDPC ranging from 0.13 to 0.88 in 2007 and from
0.18 to 1.35 in 2008. Anthracnose progress rate varied between 0.02 and 0.06 and from 0.01 to 0.05 units per day in 2007 and
2008, respectively. Results from the three parameters were highly correlated (0.18–0.87), suggesting FAS would be a suitable
selection parameter for germplasm screening. Fifteen accessions in 2007 and 18 in 2008 were rated as resistant, with six accessions
rated as resistant in both years, suggesting germplasm from Ethiopia would be useful for breeding resistance to anthracnose. 相似文献
12.
玉米作为重要的粮、饲、工兼用作物, 是重要的战略资源, 在国民经济中具有举足轻重的作用。但在实际生产过程中, 玉米受多种病虫害的威胁, 其中由玉蜀黍平脐蠕孢Bipolaris maydis引起的玉米小斑病严重影响玉米产量与品质, 是制约玉米高产与稳产的重要因素之一。近些年该病害的发病频率与严重程度均呈快速增长的态势, 对我国玉米安全生产构成巨大的潜在威胁。本文综述了玉米小斑病发生概况, 包括发生时期和引起的主要症状; 概括了玉米小斑病菌的侵染过程和相关功能基因的致病机制; 总结了抗玉米抗小斑病基因的定位、克隆与功能分析方面的研究进展, 玉米小斑病的防治措施等, 并对未来研究提出了一些建议和展望, 以期为玉米小斑病可持续治理提供理论参考和研究思路。 相似文献
13.
Young Cheol Kim Jang Hoon Lee Yeoung-Seuk Bae Bo-Kyoon Sohn Seur Kee Park 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,127(4):443-450
In ginseng fields, Alternaria blight, caused by Alternaria panax, and anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporoides, have become serious problems in Korea, and control of these diseases relies mainly on intensive applications of fungicides.
In an effort to develop an effective environmentally-friendly control system, we utilized preventative control approaches
including rain shelter shading plates and the removal of dead plants, as well as a curative control approach, such as the
application of microbial agents. In the presence of rain shelter shading plates, the occurrence of Alternaria blight and anthracnose
decreased significantly compared to that seen with polyethylene shading nets. In addition, the eradication of dead ginseng
plants, which harboured abundant spores of the pathogens, significantly reduced the incidence of both diseases. In fields
with rain shelter shading plates and in which dead plants were eradicated, four applications of a bioformulated product containing
chitinolytic bacterial strains in a simple medium containing chitin provided control similar in effect to that observed with
the application of the fungicide under low disease pressure. The efficacy of the bioformulated product was decreased slightly
under severe disease pressure. These findings indicate that integration of the three disease management measures might constitute
a new effective and environmentally-friendly system for the control of Alternaria blight and anthracnose in Korean ginseng
fields. 相似文献
14.
H. A. Van Rheenen O. E. Hasselbach S. G. S. Muigai 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1981,87(5):193-199
Compared with mono-cultures, beans grown in association with maize showed generally less incidence of the following diseases and pests: halo blight, bean common mosaic, anthracnose, common blight, scab,Phoma, mildew, bolworm and to a lesser extent angular leaf spot. For white mold and the black beetleSystates the opposite was observed. Rust and aphilds were erratic in this respect. Apparently a kind of cultural control of the major bean diseases in Kenya is effected by growing beans in association with maize. 相似文献
15.
ABSTRACT The use of host diversity as a tool for management of potato late blight has not been viewed as promising in the past. But the increasing importance of late blight internationally has brought new consideration to all potential management tools. We studied the effect of host diversity on epidemics of potato late blight in Oregon, where there was little outside inoculum. The experimental system consisted of susceptible potato cv. Red LaSoda and a highly resistant breeding selection, inoculated with local isolates of US-8 Phytophthora infestans. Potatoes were grown in single-genotype plots and also in a mixture of 10 susceptible and 26 resistant potato plants. Half of the plots received inoculation evenly throughout the plot (general inoculation) and half received an equal quantity of inoculum in only one corner of the plot (focal inoculation). The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was greater in single genotype stands of susceptible cv. Red LaSoda inoculated throughout the plot than with stands inoculated in one focus. The host-diversity effect on foliar late blight was significant in both years of the investigation; the AUDPC was reduced by an average of 37% in 1997 and 36% in 1998, compared with the mean disease level for the potato genotypes grown separately. Though the evidence for influence of inoculum pattern on host-diversity effects was weak (P = 0.15), in both years there was a trend toward greater host-diversity effects for general inoculation. Statistical significance of host-diversity effects on tuber yield and blight were found only in one of the two years. In that year, tuber yield from both the resistant and susceptible cultivar was increased in mixtures compared with single genotype stands and tuber blight was decreased in mixtures for susceptible cv. Red LaSoda. 相似文献
16.
5种杀菌剂对青贮玉米3种病害的田间防治效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为有效防治青贮玉米Zea mays Linn.锈病、小斑病和大斑病, 筛选出低毒、无公害的高效防治杀菌剂, 选用哈茨木霉水分散粒剂(1亿cfu/g)、枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂(1 000亿孢子/g)、37%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂、15%三唑酮可湿性粉剂和80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂5种杀菌剂进行田间药效试验。结果表明, 1亿cfu/g哈茨木霉WG对青贮玉米3种病害的田间防效最优, 37%苯醚甲环唑WG对小斑病的防效最好, 15%三唑酮WP对锈病的防效最理想, 80%代森锰锌WP对大斑病的防效最优。 相似文献
17.
ABSTRACT Cultivar mixtures can reduce potato late blight severity on susceptible cultivars. While alternating rows of susceptible and resistant cultivars would be more acceptable than random mixtures for commercial use, they increase the genotype unit area, which is an unfavorable factor for mixture efficiency, and have been minimally efficient when disease pressure is high. The effects of disease pressure on the performance of alternating rows of cultivars possessing various types and levels of resistance were investigated in 2000 and 2001 near Quito, Ecuador, where natural pressure of late blight is high. The experiments included the highly susceptible cvs. Cecilia in 2000 and LBr37 in 2001, as well as C114 (moderately resistant) and PAN (highly resistant), planted as pure stands and as the three possible two-way combinations. Different disease pressures were obtained with three spraying schedules of a contact fungicide: nontreated, one spray every second week, and one spray weekly. The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) on the susceptible cultivar was 0 to 20% less in mixed than in pure plots when no fungicide was applied, 13 to 26% less with a biweekly application of fungicide, and 32 to 53% less with a weekly application. These values are comparable to those obtained in previous experiments in smaller plots with designs maximizing the distance between susceptible plants. No significant differences in mixture performance were observed according to the resistant cultivar included. Effects on yield were minimal, because of the impact of factors other than late blight. Disease pressure therefore appears as a major factor conditioning the efficiency of potato cultivar mixtures against late blight. 相似文献
18.
2012年玉米大斑病重发原因和控制对策 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
玉米大斑病是由真菌引起的世界性玉米病害,常给生产造成严重损失。2012年玉米大斑病在东北、华北地区大流行,本文归纳了玉米大斑病全国发生概况、区域分布和各地病情。总结了2012年玉米大斑病发病时间早,流行速度快,品种间和地区间发病程度差异大等发生特点,分析了适宜天气条件、主栽品种不抗病、栽培管理措施不合理是导致大斑病重发的主要原因。并针对性地提出了重视玉米病害的预测预报、推荐种植抗病品种、加强病害综合防治的对策建议,旨在对今后进一步做好玉米大斑病测报工作,指导玉米病害防治、有效控制其危害、保障玉米生产有所裨益。 相似文献
19.
广东省新推广大豆品种病害的初步调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文采用普查和定点调查以及传统的植物病害鉴定方法,在2006年6月至2010年10月对广东省新推广高产优质大豆品种的病害种类、发生危害及分布进行了调查.发现病害共有12种,其中真菌病害9种,分别是锈病、霜霉病、红冠腐病、丝核菌叶枯病、炭疽病、白绢病、白粉病、镰刀菌根腐病和煤烟病;细菌性病害、线虫病害和病毒病害各1种,分别为细菌性叶斑病、根结线虫病和花叶病.主要病害为锈病、霜霉病、红冠腐病、花叶病、丝核菌叶枯病和炭疽病等.不同季节大豆的主要病害发生情况不同.春大豆以霜霉病发生较为严重;而夏大豆则以红冠腐病、锈病、花叶病毒病和丝菌核叶枯病发生较严重. 相似文献
20.
Cecilia B PASCUAL Avelino D RAYMUNDO Mitsuro HYAKUMACHI 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2000,66(1):23-29
Sorghum line CS 621 was evaluated along with other lines and cultivars for resistance to Rhizoctonia sheath blight, tar spot and gray leaf spot for 3 years. CS 621 was consistently resistant to these diseases even under a
heavy natural outbreak of tar spot in the breeding nursery. It was also found to be more resistant to Rhizoctonia sheath blight than the resistant lines from Japan during the 1993 to 1994 screening tests. Resistance to Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA was expressed in the form of reduction in the severity of disease and rate of infection. Evaluation of progenies from
crosses involving CS 621 and a susceptible variety, UPL Sg5, indicated that additive and dominant gene effects are important
in the expression of quantitative resistance to R. solani. CS 621 could therefore serve as a source of multiple resistance genes in a breeding program for high yield and stability
against sorghum diseases.
Received 6 August 1999/ Accepted in revised form 18 October 1999 相似文献