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1.
ABSTRACT Water exits from inside the leaf through transpiration or guttation. Under conditions to promote guttation, surface fluid (guttation fluid) from Brome mosaic virus (BMV)-infected barley, wheat, and maize plants was analyzed for the presence of the virus by biological and serological assays. We also investigated the route by which BMV exited infected cells to the intercellular space of the barley leaf. BMV was detected in guttation fluid from systemically infected barley leaves when the initial viral symptoms were observed on these leaves. The virus was also detected in guttation fluid from systemically infected wheat leaves, but not in maize leaves showing either systemic necrosis or chlorotic streaks. Interestingly, in BMV-infected barley leaves, but not in maize leaves showing chlorotic streaks, cell death occurred within and adjacent to veins. Staining of xylem and phloem networks in infected barley leaves with fluorescent dyes showed that xylem, and to a lesser extent phloem, were severely damaged and thus became leaky for dye transport. No such damage was observed in BMV-infected maize leaves showing chlorotic streaks. We propose that in infected barley leaves, BMV exits from damaged vein cells (especially the xylem elements), accumulates in intercellular spaces, and then reaches the surface of the leaves through stomata during guttation or transpiration. In nature, BMV may be carried to adjacent plants and cause infection by movement of vertebrate and invertebrate vectors among infected plants exuding guttation fluid. 相似文献
2.
在田间的小麦丛矮病非典型病株申常常分离到北方禾谷花叶病毒(NCMV)及玉米粗缩病毒(MRDV)两种病原物。单独用前者接种,仅表现小麦丛矮症,单独用后者接种,仅表现小麦蓝矮症,即植株矮化、暗绿、分蘖减少,叶坚挺。两者混合侵染时,往往表现两者的混合症状,但以何种病毒占优势而倾向于优势病毒的症状。典型丛矮症植株中电镜检出弹状病毒粒体,40—70×270—400nm尺度与日本报导的稍异。典型丛矮病株中不存在玉米粗缩病毒的粒体。小麦丛矮病毒很可能是北方禾谷花叶病毒的一种地方性株系。 相似文献
3.
中国水仙上一种球形病毒的研究Ⅰ.病毒分离及其生物学特性 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
从水仙黄条病株上分离到一种球形病毒,直径约21nm,汁液摩擦接种35科(属)55(品)种植物,可侵染其中5科15(品)种,主要局限于豆种(Leguminosae)、藜科(Chenopodiaceae)以及茄科(Solanaceae)、苋科(Amaranthaceae)与番杏科(Aizoaceae)的个别种。在多数寄主上诱导局部坏死,豆科寄主上还伴随叶脉坏死症状产生。其中,昆诺阿藜(Chenopodium quinoa)、苋色藜(C.amaranticolor)、千日红(Gompherena globosa)、番杏(Tetragonia expansa)、大豆(Glycine max)、豇豆(Vigna sinensis)、克利夫兰烟(Nicotiana clevelandii)可作为诊断寄主;千日红、番杏与三叶草(Trifolium sibth)可作为毒源保存寄主。#br#在昆诺阿藜叶片汁液中,该病毒分离物的体外存活期在60天以上(25℃),热钝化点80-85℃(10分钟),稀释限点10-5-10-6。回接水仙健株,诱导产生系统褪绿条纹症状,不诱导水仙叶片产生具有特殊结构的内含体。 相似文献
4.
京郊大蒜病毒病的研究及其鳞茎中病毒的脱除 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
京郊大蒜病毒病发生普遍,主要症状为条纹花叶、矮化和叶片扭曲畸形。病体细胞中含大量线状病毒粒体和风轮状内含物。线状病毒粒体长度范围为250-1875nm,以长度550-800nm粒体居多。其中长700-800nm的粒体被鉴定为大蒜花叶病毒(GMV),回接脱毒大蒜叶片产生条纹花叶症状。血清学鉴定表明GMV与洋葱黄矮病毒(OYDV)有近缘关系。长度500-600nm的粒体可能为大蒜潜隐病毒(GLV),回接脱毒大蒜不产生花叶症状。下述两种病毒为京郊大蒜的主要病毒。此外,个别标样含烟草花叶病毒,但不是大蒜的主要病毒。对800nm以下线状病毒粒体归属尚待研究。
应用营养茎尖、生殖茎尖和根尖分生组织培养技术,可以脱去上述主要病毒,获得脱毒大蒜。 相似文献
应用营养茎尖、生殖茎尖和根尖分生组织培养技术,可以脱去上述主要病毒,获得脱毒大蒜。 相似文献
5.
陕西玉米病毒病及流行因素研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
研究结果表明:陕西玉米病毒病毒原主要有玉米矮花叶病毒B株系(MDMV-B)、玉米粗缩病毒(MRDV)和大麦黄矮病毒(BYDV)。用血清鉴定225份病株样品中,MDMV-B、MRDV和BYDV侵染分别占40%、23%、4.5%。MDMV-B和MRDV复合侵染占23.5%。在田间自然条件下,MDMV-B主要通过玉米蚜和禾谷缢管蚜以非持久性传播,MRDV则由灰飞虱以持久传播。MDMV-B、MRDV和BYDV的粒子大小分别为735~755 nm×17 nm、70~75 nm和23~30 nm。随着玉米生育成熟,侵染逐渐降低,为害亦趋减轻。研究认为,玉米品种、播种期、播量、田间传毒介体数量及发生早晚和地膜覆盖等是影响玉米病毒病流行的主要因素。 相似文献
6.
Indian peanut clump virus (IPCV) infection on wheat and barley: symptoms, yield loss and transmission through seed 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Wheat and barley crops were shown to be susceptible to Indian peanut clump virus (IPCV) under field conditions. In wheat, the Hyderabad isolate of IPCV (IPCV-H) induced symptoms resembling the rosette caused by soil-borne wheat mosaic virus, and these were apparent only three weeks after emergence. Early-infected plants were severely stunted and dark green, with chlorotic streaks on the youngest leaves, which turned necrotic as the plants aged; most of these plants died. Late-infected plants were also stunted and were conspicuous in the field because of their dark green appearance as a result of delayed maturity. The virus was detected by ELISA and nucleic acid hybridization in all plants with symptoms. These plants usually produced fewer tillers than healthy ones. Spikes were malformed, often did not emerge from the flag leaf, and they contained few, shrivelled seeds. Grain yield was decreased, on average, by 58%. In barley, IPCV-H caused severe stunting and general leaf chlorosis. As the plants aged, the leaves became necrotic and the few infected plants that reached maturity produced small spikes. IPCV-H antigens were detected by ELISA in every wheat seed from infected plants and the virus was transmitted through wheat seed at a frequency of 0.5–1.3%. Storage at 4°C for more than a year did not affect seed transmission frequency. The virus was detected in leaves and roots of seed-transmitted plants. Seed transmission was not detected in barley. The Durgapura isolate (IPCV-D) was detected in wheat crops (cv. RR-21) at 3 different locations in Rajasthan State, India. Infected plants showed reduced growth without any overt symptoms. 相似文献
7.
在实验室中利用灰飞虱接种小麦时出现一种新的病毒病症状,鉴定表明其病原为大麦黄条点花叶病毒(Barley yellow striate mosaic virus, BYSMV)。采用生物学测定、电镜观察、RT-PCR检测和序列分析的方法,明确了该病毒的粒体特性、危害症状及田间发生情况。接种试验表明该病毒通过灰飞虱传播,接种7~10 d后小麦新生叶片出现黄色斑点、斑驳,继而发展成黄色条纹,叶片对生且细而窄,重病株新叶扭曲,叶鞘不能伸长,病株矮化。对小麦病叶超薄切片电镜观察,发现细胞质中存在大量弹状病毒粒子,病毒粒体大小为（315~353）nm×（46~57） nm。利用特异性引物从病株总RNA中扩增出 565 bp基因片段,序列同源性分析显示与大麦黄条点花叶病毒(Barley yellow striate mosaic virus, BYSMV) Zanjan-1分离物聚合酶（L）基因对应序列的一致性为97 %,与北方禾谷花叶病毒(Northern cereal mosaic virus, NCMV) L基因对应序列的一致性为78 %~79 %。对采自河北邯郸、石家庄、保定、唐山的31株样品进行RT-PCR检测,25株检测到BYSMV,7株检测到水稻黑条矮缩病毒(Rice black streaked dwarf virus,RBSDV),其中5株为2种病毒复合侵染,结果表明BYSMV的田间分布较广。系统发育分析表明BYSMV-Lab/TS/ZX/QY 4个分离物与本研究的BYSMV亲缘关系密切。BYSMV是我国小麦上新发现的一种弹状病毒,并已形成危害,暂定名为小麦黄条纹矮缩病,应加强流行动态监测。 相似文献
8.
感染土传小麦花叶病毒的小麦花叶病的电子显微镜研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
经对山东省崂山地区获得的自然感病的小麦病叶进行了电镜的观察和研究。指出在早春时节小麦返青以后很快开始显示症状,沿叶脉出现短的褪绿色条纹,植株生长受阻,矮缩,黄化以至不能抽穗。该病毒粒子为细长的杆状,长度120~270nm,直径为18~20nm。值得注意的是在狭窄的胞质区可经常见到聚集的病毒颗粒,其中大部分病毒附着在膜结构上。当横切时病毒颗粒呈电子透明的空心,围绕这个空心周围是一个着色很深的直径约为10nm的核酸环,围绕这个核酸环周围是一个密度不大的蛋白外壳。病毒颗粒的聚集大多与很多弯曲的管状物的形成聚集相伴随着。也看到了完全由病毒颗粒所组成的晶体状聚集物。根据以上所述,该病原鉴定为土传小麦花叶病毒。 相似文献
9.
Zucchini squash is host to Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV), a member of the genus Crinivirus, and Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV), a member of the genus Ipomovirus, both transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. Field observations suggest the appearance of new symptoms observed on leaves of zucchini squash crops when both viruses were present. When infected during controlled experiments with CYSDV only, zucchini plants showed no obvious symptoms and the virus titer decreased between 15 and 45 days postinoculation (dpi), after which it was no longer detected. CVYV caused inconspicuous symptoms restricted to vein clearing on some of the apical leaves and the virus accumulated progressively between 15 and 60 dpi. Similar accumulations of virus followed single inoculations with the potyvirus Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) and plants showed severe stunting, leaf deformation, and mosaic yellowing. However, in mixed infections with CYSDV and CVYV, intermediate leaves showed chlorotic mottling which evolved later to rolling, brittleness, and complete yellowing of the leaf lamina, with exception of the veins. No consistent alteration of CVYV accumulation was detected but the amounts of CYSDV increased ≈100-fold and remained detectable at 60 dpi. Such synergistic effects on the titer of the crinivirus and symptom expression were not observed when co-infected with ZYMV. 相似文献
10.
ABSTRACT Five tropical maize lines were tested and compared with the susceptible control line B73 for resistance to Maize stripe virus (MStV) and Maize mosaic virus (MMV), both propagatively transmitted by the planthopper Peregrinus maidis (Homoptera: Delphacidae). Resistance to each virus was evaluated separately by artificial inoculations with planthoppers viruliferous for either one virus or the other. Disease incidence and symptom severity progression were quantified in relation to time and the cumulative number of planthoppers. Line Hi40 was found to be susceptible to MStV and highly resistant to MMV. Generally, no MMV symptoms developed on Hi40, even under intense inoculation pressure by a large number of viruliferous planthoppers. Line Rev81 showed a partial but strong resistance to MStV, which mainly reduced disease incidence. Nevertheless, this resistance to MStV was the highest ever reported and held up, even when challenged by large numbers of planthoppers. The percentage of infected plants in line Rev81 never exceeded 30 to 40% in our experiments. Moderate levels of resistance to MStV, and to a lesser extent MMV, were found in lines 37-2, A211, and Mp705. However, resistance in these lines was completely overcome using a large number of insects transmitting either of the two viruses. These results suggest that different types of resistance to MMV and MStV are available in maize lines from Caribbean and Mascarene germ plasm. The expression of virus-specific resistance identified in Hi40 and Rev81 lines was not affected by intense inoculation pressure. In contrast, the moderate resistance in 37-2, A211, and Mp705 was partially effective against both viruses but not at high inoculation pressure. These different types of resistance, when present in the same genotype, could provide protection against both viruses. 相似文献
11.
Malik Muniba Abid Munir Haider Muhammad Saleem Zhai Ying Khan Muhammad Azmat Ullah Pappu Hanu R. 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2023,130(1):23-33
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Mastreviruses are an emerging group of viruses transmitted by leafhoppers and infect both monocot and dicot plants. Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus... 相似文献
12.
Abstract The distribution of two sweet potato potyviruses, FMV and SPLV, was assessed in three plants infected with both viruses and in one plant infected with FMV only. All leaves, the top and basal sections of the main stem, and branch sections were tested by ELISA. Both symptomless leaves and leaves showing symptoms including purple rings, chlorotic spots, mottle or discoloration were found to contain the viruses. However, neither could be detected in every leaf or stem piece. SPLV was found in a lower proportion of leaf and stem samples than FMV. This indicates that the two viruses are either very unevenly distributed within sweet potato plants or that the virus concentration in some parts is below the detectable level. Testing of each leaf is recommended for reliable virus indexing of small, meristem‐derived sweet potato plantlets, if the ELISA method is used. Additional indexing of all ELISA‐negative materials by grafting to susceptible indicator plants is nevertheless still necessary. 相似文献
13.
Characterization of a strain of Apple stem grooving virus in Actinidia chinensis from China 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
G. R. G. Clover †‡ M. N. Pearson D. R. Elliott Z. Tang T. E. Smales B. J. R. Alexander 《Plant pathology》2003,52(3):371-378
A new strain of Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) has been identified in Actinidia chinensis imported from China. The leaves of these plants exhibited a variety of symptoms including interveinal mottling, chlorotic mosaics and ringspots. Capillovirus-like particles were observed under the electron microscope, and the virus could be mechanically transmitted to a range of herbaceous indicators. The virus was detected using ELISA with antisera raised against ASGV. Sequencing of the virus revealed that it had more than 95% amino acid identity with ASGV in the putative coat and movement proteins. From the morphological, transmission, serological and molecular evidence, it was concluded that the virus is a strain of ASGV. It is not known how this strain of ASGV is transmitted, other than by grafting, nor is it known what effect the virus has on the growth of infected vines. The Actinidia -infecting strain of ASGV does not occur in New Zealand, and infected plants will not be released from quarantine. The detection methods used during the research will assist quarantine and the safe movement of breeding material. 相似文献
14.
引起辣椒花叶、枯顶的一个病毒分离物的鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从河北望都辣椒地分离到一株辣椒病毒分离物.测定表明能侵染茄科、苋科、豆科、菊科、藜科的25种植物,不能侵染葫芦科和十字花科等13种植物.桃蚜（Myzus persicae）非持久性传毒;钝化温度65—70℃,稀释限点10-4—10-5体外保毒期6天（20—22℃）;病毒颗粒呈球形,直径约25nm;ISEM测定它与蚕豆萎蔫病毒（BBWV）关系密切;电镜下观察到BBWV所特有的长管状内含体和布纹状结晶体,认为该分离物是BBWV.但寄主范围和寄主反应与文献报道的BBWV各分离物有所不同,可能是另一毒株。 相似文献
15.
从勿忘我（Ｍｙｏｓｏｔｉｓｓｉｌｖａｔｉｃａ）上采集到１病株，接种昆诺阿藜，接种叶褪绿斑，系统顶枯，最后整株枯死。蚕豆接种叶呈黑色坏死斑，主茎变褐、全株萎蔫。矮牵牛接种叶褪绿斑，系统花叶。用诱捕修饰法制片，观察到病毒粒体球形，并在病毒粒体外面包被着一层抗体。琼脂双扩散试验呈阳性反应 相似文献
16.
17.
A filamentous virus isolated from a sugar-beet plant showing systemic mosaic collected in South Kazakhstan was identified as an isolate of beet mosaic virus (BMV-K). BMV-K was transmitted by the green peach aphid Myzus persicae in a non-persistent manner, and by sap inoculation to 11 out of 19 species from seven families tested. The virus could not be transmitted to Nicotiana tabacum, N. debneyi, N. glutinosa and N. clevelandii, cither mechanically or with M. persicae. The thermal inactivation point of BMV-K in sugar-beet sap was 55-60 C, dilution end point 1:1000 and longevity in vitro 2 days at 20 C. A purification procedure produced 1-5-3 mg of purified virus from 100 g of infected Stellaria media plants. Purified virus contained a single protein species of molecular weight 34 700 Da. In ELISA tests, BMV-K reacted positively with BMV-specifc antisera obtained from Japan. Germany and Portugal. By competitive DAS- ELISA, the virus isolate was shown to be closely serologically related to all the three isolates of BMV, and very distantly related to bean yellow mosaic and soy bean mosaic viruses. 相似文献
18.
During 1992/1993 and 1994/1995, field experiments were carried out to investigate the infection of several cultivars of oats, other cereals and grasses, with oat chlorotic stunt virus (OCSV), which is provisionally identified as a member of the Tombusviridae . Under field conditions a high percentage of oat plants became infected when sown in infested soil and there was little difference in susceptibility between the oat cultivars compared. Although plants of other Poaceae such as winter wheat, winter barley and annual meadow grass also became infected, the percentage was low and the virus titre reached was much lower than in oats. In most infected plants the virus was localized within the roots, and only in a few plants did it spread systemically. This suggests that the virus was acquired through the roots, indicating further similarities between OCSV and members of the Tombusviridae . Several cereals, including oats, wheat, barley and maize, were infected by mechanical inoculation using an embryo-wounding technique; in the majority of cases virus infection only reached a low titre. 相似文献
19.
我国草莓主栽区病毒种类的鉴定 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
病毒种类鉴定结果表明我国草莓主要栽培区存在草莓斑驳病毒、草莓轻型黄边病毒、草莓镶脉病毒和草莓皱缩病毒。四种病毒的总侵染株率达80.2%,其中单种病毒侵染株率为41.6%,两种或两种以上病毒复合侵染株率为38.6%。前三种病毒均为球状病毒,粒体直径分别为25-30nm、23nm和50nm;皱缩病毒为杆状病毒,大小为380×70nm。传染性试验的结果证实,草莓病毒可通过嫁接、菟丝子传染,但不能通过机械传染。桃蚜可传染斑驳病毒和轻型黄边病毒,其传毒关系前者为非持久性后者为持久性。田间桃蚜蚜虫口密度高峰期与草莓病毒侵染盛期相吻合。 相似文献
20.
Mitsuro KAMEYA-IWAKI Kimiaki MURAKAMI Shin-ichi ITO Kaoru HANADA Shuhei TANAKA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2000,66(1):64-67
Sequential transmission tests of Peanut stunt virus (PSV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) systemically infecting common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, were conducted using Myzus persicae allowed to fast for 2 hr and then to acquisition feed on infected common bean plants or purified virus for 10 min. In the
sequential transmission tests using either one or 10 aphids per assay plant, three isolates of PSV (J,S,Y5) and one of CMV
(V) were transmitted from and to common bean up to a third or fourth inoculation access. Many aphids transmitted these viruses
to two or three plants. Purified viruses of PSV-S and CMV-V were also transmitted up to a third or second inoculation access
at low percentage. On tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum, aphids transmitted PSV-S and CMV-V only in the first inoculation access, although PSV-S was transmitted to only one plant
in the fourth and fifth inoculation access. These viruses may be transmitted in two phases by aphids, depending on the plant
species.
Received 16 April 1999/ Accepted in revised form 1 September 1999 相似文献