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1.
ABSTRACT We evaluated combinations of two strains of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) formulated with the carrier chitosan for the ability to induce growth promotion of tomato plants and resistance to infection by Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Each PGPR combination included GB03 (Bacillus subtilis) and one of the following PGPR strains: SE34 (B. pumilus), IN937a (B. amyloliquefaciens), IN937b (B. subtilis), INR7 (B. pumilus), or T4 (B. pumilus). The PGPR combinations formulated with chitosan are referred to as biopreparations. Tomato plants treated with each of the biopreparations appeared phenotypically and developmentally similar to nonbacterized control plants that were 10 days older (referred to as the older control). When plants were challenged with CMV, all plants in the biopreparation treatments and the older control treatment had significantly greater height, fresh weight, and flower and fruit numbers than that of plants in the CMV-inoculated same age control treatment. CMV disease severity ratings were significantly lower for biopreparation-treated and older control tomato plants than for that of same age control plants at 14 and 28 days postinoculation (dpi). CMV accumulation in young noninoculated leaves was significantly less for all biopreparation-treated plants and those in the older control than for the same age control plants at 14 dpi and for four of the five biopreparation treatments at 28 dpi. In those tomato plants shown to be infected, the amount of CMV in noninoculated leaves was significantly lower for three of the biopreparation treatments and the older control treatment at 14 dpi and biopreparation G/INR7 treatment at 28 dpi when compared with the control treatment. These data show that treatment of tomato plants with biopreparations results in significant enhancement of growth and protection against infection by CMV. 相似文献
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基于营养竞争原理的大豆根腐病生防芽孢杆菌的筛选及其特性研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用营养竞争平板筛选法获得了可在大豆麦麸(SWB)培养基上快速生长并拮抗大豆根腐病菌Fusarium oxysporum和F.solani的芽孢杆菌菌株B006和B010。通过16S rDNA序列分析、形态观察和生理生化性状测定,将其鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。田间小区试验结果表明,以种子处理(108cfu/mL,药种比为1∶60)和以麦麸为载体的固体菌剂土壤沟施(106cfu/g,用量195 kg/ha)B006和B010菌剂对真叶期大豆根腐病的防治效果分别为74.6%和63.5%,高于商品化学农药35%多福合剂种子处理的防效(P=0.05),大豆产量分别增加13.8%和24.0%。利用特异引物对生防功能基因的扩增结果表明,bmyB、fenD、bioA和srfAA基因以及srfAB基因簇的片段在2个菌株中均存在,而ituC基因仅存在于B010菌株中。对菌株生防功能基因的分析有助于今后高效菌株的快速筛选和对生防菌作用机制的研究。 相似文献
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Mixtures of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria enhance biological control of multiple cucumber pathogens 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ABSTRACT Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains INR7 (Bacillus pumilus), GB03 (Bacillus subtilis), and ME1 (Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens) were tested singly and in combinations for biological control against multiple cucumber pathogens. Investigations under greenhouse conditions were conducted with three cucumber pathogens-Colletotrichum orbiculare (causing anthracnose), Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans (causing angular leaf spot), and Erwinia tracheiphila(causing cucurbit wilt disease)-inoculated singly and in all possible combinations. There was a general trend across all experiments toward greater suppression and enhanced consistency against multiple cucumber pathogens using strain mixtures. The same three PGPR strains were evaluated as seed treatments in two field trials over two seasons, and two strains, IN26 (Burkholderia gladioli) and INR7 also were tested as foliar sprays in one of the trials. In the field trials, the efficacy of induced systemic resistance activity was determined against introduced cucumber pathogens naturally spread within plots through placement of infected plants into the field to provide the pathogen inoculum. PGPR-mediated disease suppression was observed against angular leaf spot in 1996 and against a mixed infection of angular leaf spot and anthracnose in 1997. The three-way mixture of PGPR strains (INR7 plus ME1 plus GB03) as a seed treatment showed intensive plant growth promotion and disease reduction to a level statistically equivalent to the synthetic elicitor Actigard applied as a spray. 相似文献
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Myresiotis CK Karaoglanidis GS Vryzas Z Papadopoulou-Mourkidou E 《Pest management science》2012,68(3):404-411
BACKGROUND: Plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can be potential agents for biological control of plant pathogens, while their combined use with conventional pesticides may increase their efficacy and broaden the disease control spectrum. The effect of four different Bacillus sp. PGPR strains (B. subtilis GB03 and FZB24, B. amyloliquefaciens IN937a and B. pumilus SE34) applied individually and in mixtures, as well as in combined use with acibezolar‐S‐methyl (ASM) and hymexazol, on plant growth promotion and on the control of Fusarium crown and root rot (FCRR) of tomato was evaluated. RESULTS: All PGPR strains promoted the tested plant growth characteristics significantly. A higher promoting effect was provided by SE34. Experiments on population dynamics of PGPR strains revealed that, after 28 days of incubation, populations of strain SE34 remained stable, while the remaining bacterial strains showed a slight decline in their population densities. The GB03 and FZB24 strains provided a higher disease suppression when applied individually. However, application of IN937a in a mixture with GB03 provided a higher control efficacy of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis‐lycopersici (Forl). Treatment of tomato plants with ASM resulted in a small reduction in disease index, while application of hymexazol provided significantly higher control efficacy. Combined applications of the four PGPR strains with either ASM or hymexazol were significantly more effective. CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicate that, when bacilli PGPR strains were combined with pesticides, there was an increased suppression of Forl on tomato plants, and thus they may prove to be important components in FCRR integrated management. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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ABSTRACT A 3-year experiment was conducted in field microplots infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris race 5 at Córdoba, Spain, in order to assess efficacy of an integrated management strategy for Fusarium wilt of chickpea that combined the choice of sowing date, use of partially resistant chickpea genotypes, and seed and soil treatments with biocontrol agents Bacillus megaterium RGAF 51, B. subtilis GB03, nonpathogenic F. oxysporum Fo 90105, and Pseudomonas fluorescens RG 26. Advancing the sowing date from early spring to winter significantly delayed disease onset, reduced the final disease intensity (amount of disease in a microplot that combines disease incidence and severity, expressed as a percentage of the maximum possible amount of disease in that microplot), and increased chickpea seed yield. A significant linear relationship was found between disease development over time and weather variables at the experimental site, with epidemics developing earlier and faster as mean temperature increased and accumulated rainfall decreased. Under conditions highly conducive for Fusarium wilt development, the degree of disease control depended primarily on choice of sowing date, and to a lesser extent on level of resistance of chickpea genotypes to F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris race 5, and the biocontrol treatments. The main effects of sowing date, partially resistant genotypes, and biocontrol agents were a reduction in the rate of epidemic development over time, a reduction of disease intensity, and an increase in chickpea seedling emergence, respectively. Chickpea seed yield was influenced by all three factors in the study. The increase in chickpea seed yield was the most consistent effect of the biocontrol agents. However, that effect was primarily influenced by sowing date, which also determined disease development. Effectiveness of biocontrol treatments in disease management was lowest in January sowings, which were least favorable for Fusarium wilt. Sowing in February, which was moderately favorable for wilt development, resulted in the greatest increase in seed yield by the biocontrol agents. In March sowings, which were most conducive for the disease, the biocontrol agents delayed disease onset and increased seedling emergence. B. subtilis GB03 and P. fluorescens RG 26, applied either alone or each in combination with nonpathogenic F. oxysporum Fo 90105, were the most effective treatments at suppressing Fusarium wilt, or delaying disease onset and increasing seed yield, respectively. The importance of integrating existing control practices, partially effective by themselves, with other control measures to achieve appropriate management of Fusarium wilt and increase of seed yield in chickpea in Mediterranean-type environments is demonstrated by the results of this study. 相似文献
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井冈霉素对3种生防芽孢杆菌的生长抑制活性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
管碟法测定了井冈霉素对12株枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）、6株苏云金芽孢杆菌（B．thuringiensis）及3株蜡质芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus）的离体抑制活性。结果表明,不同种以及同种不同菌株的芽孢杆菌对井冈霉素的敏感性存在差异,但从总体上看,井冈霉素A对大多数枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制作用较强．而对大多数蜡质芽孢杆菌和苏云金芽孢杆菌的抑制活性较低,在1．00×10^5mg／L浓度下仅有轻微的抑制作用。 相似文献
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芽孢杆菌是植物病害生物防治中重要的生防细菌。采用浊度测定法研究了生防细菌——枯草芽孢杆菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌及多粘芽孢杆菌对烤烟专用复合肥[m(N)∶m(P2O5)∶m(K2O)=10∶10∶25]、生石灰、甲霜灵、代森锰锌及硫酸链霉素5种烟草生产上常用化学品的敏感性。结果表明:甲霜灵对3种芽孢杆菌的生长无影响,而烤烟专用复合肥和生石灰对3种生防细菌均有一定的促生长作用;而代森锰锌和硫酸链霉素能显著抑制枯草芽孢杆菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌和多粘芽孢杆菌的生长,其EC50值分别为14.15、11.88、11.30μg/mL和5.20、5.69和2.64μg/mL。 相似文献
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根据已报道的14个cry1Ca基因,设计能够扩增cry1Ca全长基因的简并引物。利用该引物对本实验室分离的472株Bt菌株进行筛选。PCR扩增发现22株菌含有cry1Ca基因。对22株菌株进行cry基因多样性分析,结果获得5种类型酶切图谱,表明这些菌株分为5种类型。SDS-PAGE结果显示22株菌均表达约130ku的蛋白。Western Blotting结果证实这些株菌中cry1Ca基因均正常表达。提取菌株的晶体蛋白,经胰蛋白酶活化,对甜菜夜蛾[Spodoptera exigua(Hübner)]进行初步生测,结果表明22株菌中活化的Cry蛋白对甜菜夜蛾均表现出很强的毒杀作用。进一步从5个类型的菌中各挑选一株毒力较高的菌株进行LC_(50)的测定,结果证实它们均具有很高毒力,其中,T1-E12(0.087μg/g)、B16-C8(0.103μg/g)、T1-B8(0.202μg/g)的活性与阳性对照菌株G03(0.090μg/g)相当,具有生产应用潜力。本研究为新型高效Bt菌株的挖掘奠定了基础。 相似文献
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高寒草甸根围拮抗芽孢杆菌筛选鉴定及脂肽化合物分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究通过平板对峙法分别从青海日月山及达日地区高寒草甸根围分离菌株中筛选到8株对油菜菌核病菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum及水稻白叶枯病菌Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae均具有明显拮抗效果的芽孢杆菌菌株RYS41、RYS42、RYS43、RYS44、DR1、DR2、DR3及DR20。生理生化、脂肪酸甲脂、16S rDNA及gyrB基因测序等分析结果表明,菌株RYS41、RYS42、RYS43、RYS44为解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillusamyloliquefaciens;菌株DR1、DR2、DR3、DR20鉴定为短小芽孢杆菌B.pumilus。MALDI-TOF-MS质谱分析结果表明,菌株RYS41产生脂肽类化合物Surfactin、Bacillomycins D和Fengycin,菌株DR20产生脂肽类化合物Surfactin、IturinA和Fengycin,推断可能与对油菜菌核菌及水稻白叶枯病菌的拮抗作用有关。 相似文献
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Svetlana Milijašević-Marčić Miloš Stepanović Biljana Todorović Bojan Duduk Jelena Stepanović Emil Rekanović Ivana Potočnik 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,148(3):509-519
Fifty bacterial isolates obtained from compost were tested in vitro against the causal agents of green mould in Agaricus bisporus. Isolate B-38 which induced 48.08% in vitro growth inhibition of T. harzianum T54 and 52.25% of T. aggressivum f. europaeum T77 was identified as Bacillus subtilis, based on 16S rDNA sequence and used in mushroom growing room experiments. B. subtilis B-38 did not decrease mycelial growth rate of Agaricus bisporus A15 in mushroom compost in glass tubes. After applying prochloraz-manganese, B. subtilis B-38 and B. subtilis QST 713, no significant differences in BE values among treatments were found concerning both total yield and the weight of healthy mushrooms. Statistical analyses showed that only inoculation significantly influenced the healthy mushroom yield. In plots inoculated with T. harzianum T54 disease incidence was significantly lower after treatments with prochloraz-manganese (11.81%), B. subtilis QST 713 (12.26%) and B. subtilis B-38 (14.19%) compared to the control (28.16%), as well as in plots inoculated with T. aggressivum f. europaeum T77 11.88%, 12.2% and 15.03%, respectively, in comparison with the control (23.47%). Statistically significant differences were not found among the efficacy values of tested bio-fungicides based on B. subtilis and the commercial fungicide prochloraz-manganese suggesting the use of B. subtilis B-38 and B. subtilis QST 713 as good alternatives to chemical fungicides. 相似文献
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在离体条件下测试了81株芽孢杆菌分离物抑制番茄青枯病菌的能力,有4个菌株(B2、B5、B7和B8)显示了较好的抑菌效果,经细菌生物学性状、Biolog和16S rDNA序列分析,B2菌株鉴定为短短小芽孢杆菌(Brevibacillus brevis),B5、B7和B8鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。在温室环境中,4个菌株都能不同程度的促进灭菌土和自然土的番茄生长,并能减轻番茄青枯病的发生。B2菌株显示了显著的抑菌作用,在灭菌土和自然土中分别降低了80.0%和87.4%的番茄青枯病发生率。 相似文献
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枯草芽孢杆菌微囊剂的制备及其对番茄立枯病的防治效果 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为开发环境相容性好、贮藏稳定性高的生物农药新剂型,采用喷雾干燥法制备了枯草芽孢杆菌微囊剂。通过单因素试验确定该微囊剂壁材麦芽糊精与芯材枯草芽孢杆菌发酵液(以下简称发酵液)的最佳配比;通过正交试验优化了喷雾干燥条件;通过田间试验验证了该微囊剂对番茄立枯病的防治效果。结果表明:制备枯草芽孢杆菌微囊剂时,壁材与芯材的最佳配比为m(麦芽糊精)∶V(发酵液)=1∶1;喷雾干燥的最优条件为进风温度125℃,进样流量750 m L/h,喷雾压力0.20 M Pa;所制备微囊剂常温贮存360 d后,菌体存活率仍高达91.36%,显著高于对照枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂。田间药效试验表明,该枯草芽孢杆菌微囊剂用量为300 g/hm2(芽孢浓度为1.5×107cfu/m2)时,对番茄立枯病的防效最高,为72.76%。 相似文献
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拮抗细菌对烟草青枯病的温室防病及促生效果 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从福建、贵州两省烟草青枯病流行区烟株根围土样筛选得到的对青枯病有较好拮抗作用的细菌菌株,测定了其温室防效和促生作用。试验获得了控病效果表现较好的短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)AR03菌株,2次重复防效试验表明其防效均在50%以上,且该菌株能促进烟株的生长。 相似文献
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Nourhen Mnasri Cynda Chennaoui Samia Gargouri Ridha Mhamdi Kamel Hessini Salem Elkahoui Naceur Djébali 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,147(3):501-515
Sixty two rhizospheric and endophytic bacterial strains were evaluated for their biocontrol effect on two aggressive Fusarium culmorum isolates (Fc2 and Fc3). We observed that 35 % and 23 % of the tested strains inhibited the in vitro growth of Fc2 and Fc3 respectively. The observed antagonism was due to inhibition by contact (13–19 % of the strains) or at distance (10–16 % of the strains) for both fungal isolates. Some of the antagonistic bacteria showed the ability to produce diffuse and/or volatile compounds that inhibit the growth, the sporulation and macroconidia germination of F. culmorum. None of the tested antagonistic bacteria showed chitinase activity on synthetic medium. The sequencing of the 16S rDNA genes of some antagonistic bacteria showed that they belong to the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Microbacterium. The double inoculation of durum wheat seeds by the antagonistic bacterial strains (B13, B18, BSE1, BSE3 and B16E) and the two F. culmorum isolates showed that germination and seedling vigor were generally improved in vitro. The percentage of infected seeds was also reduced. In greenhouse trials, the biocontrol effectiveness of F. culmorum was dependant from the virulence of the fungal strain and the specificity of the antagonistic interaction between bacterial and fungal strains. The bacterial strains B18 and B16E reduced F. culmorum infection on durum wheat plants probably due to their antagonistic and plant growth promoting activities and they may be used in a mixture as seed biopriming inoculum for plant growth bio-promoting and Fusarium wheat diseases biocontrol. 相似文献
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A screening programme was used to search for biocontrol agents against Gaeumannomyces graminis causing take-all disease of wheat. Of the 1800 rhizosphere microorganisms tested, 10% controlled the disease in a secondary screen. The 30 most effective isolates were further investigated for mode of action. Although 72% of the sites sampled for antagonistic microbes were planted to continuous cereals, they yielded only 23% of the most effective isolates. Of all the isolates selected, 63% belonged to the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Penicillium; Beauveria and Rhodococcus were also antagonistic. Fluorescent pseudomonads, all producing siderophores in low-iron medium, accounted for 23% of the isolates. Over 50% of strains produced β-glucanases and chitinases. Less than 50% of the strains selected by the in vivo screen inhibited G. graminis in agar plate tests. In the gnotobiotic system used, the Pseudomonas strains were faster in colonizing the wheat roots than the majority of the Bacillus and fungal strains. 相似文献
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Spore-forming bacteria isolated from oilseed rape (OSR) roots were tested for biological control activity against Rhizoctonia solani damping-off of OSR, using a simple slurry coat formulation. From a total of 239 strains which were tested, Bacillus subtilis 205 was selected as the most promising biocontrol agent (BCA). A known isolate of B. subtilis (NCIMB 12376), which had previously shown activity against R. solani in cotton, was used as a standard comparison throughout. In an in vivo screening, pre-emergence damping-off disease control by B. subtilis 205 was excellent, with plant stands being almost as high as non-diseased controls. However, post-emergence survival was less good, although the surviving plants exhibited significantly reduced hypocotyl rot. Growth-room trials which assessed the effect of ambient temperature on the biological control efficacy of B. subtilis strains 12376 and 205 showed that isolate 205 was more effective at lower temperatures. Disease control by isolate 205 at 15°C/10°C (day/night) suggests that this bacterium could operate under autumn sowing field conditions. Further investigations also indicated that the addition of iron (III) to the BCA formulation may enhance disease control by both bacilli. The potential of bacterial BCAs for the control of seedling diseases is discussed. 相似文献
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香蕉枯萎病菌生理小种鉴定及其SCAR标记 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
通过室内人工接种蕉类鉴别寄主,对采集于广东蕉区的18个蕉类枯萎病菌菌株进行鉴定,KP021、KP022、GZ981和JL021 4个菌株属Racel,其余14个菌株属Race4,说明广东蕉区同时存在尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型Race1和Race4。用RAPD技术对上述18个菌株进行分析,从200条随机引物中筛选出8条引物可产生生理小种RAPD标记12个,其中标记Racel的8个,标记Race4的4个。对这些RAPD标记带分别进行回收、克隆、测序,根据这些特异片段序列分别设计相应的SCAR引物,通过对18个菌株的PCR扩增检验,有4个RAPD标记成功地转化为SCAR标记,其中Race1-SCAR标记1个、Race4-SCAR标记2个、同时能鉴定出2个小种的SCAR标记1个。应用这4个SCAR标记同时对采自田间的9个病菌分离物进行检测,能够准确地鉴定出广东蕉区的尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型Racel和Race4,这为下一步开展香蕉枯萎病菌生理小种的分子鉴定及各生理小种田间流行动态监测奠定了基础。 相似文献