共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
棘托竹荪(Dictyonhora echinovolvata Zang Zheng et Hu)是近年发现的竹荪新种,它含有19种氨基酸,主要成分含量比长裙竹荪高45—82%。本文详细地介绍了棘托竹荪的形态特征和生态习性,总结出一套适合于生产推广应用的制种和简易栽培技术,同时,提出了采收及加工的方法。 相似文献
2.
3.
连续2 a在盛产期锥栗Castanea henryi林下进行棘托竹荪Dictyophora echinovolvata培养料基质配方和栽培时间、栽培用料量等栽培措施试验研究。结果表明,不同棘托竹荪基质配方、栽培时间、栽培用料量及施肥与不施肥对棘托竹荪产量均有显著性差异(P0.05);开沟与不开沟栽培对棘托竹荪产量无显著性差异。在林下栽培棘托竹荪,宜采用发酵料;栽培时间以2月为宜;单位面积栽培料以37.5 kg·m~(-2)为宜;林地土壤肥力条件较差的林地宜适量施肥;土壤疏松度较好的林地水平梯带上可不开沟栽培。 相似文献
4.
为筛选适宜广东地区棘托竹荪栽培的主要方式与技术,对比了竹林下棘托竹荪不同栽培方式(床栽、箱栽、棒栽)及覆土配方、基质施用尿素、林分郁闭度等对棘托竹荪产量的影响。结果表明：1)覆土为蚯蚓粪与表土1∶1混合的棘托竹荪产量最高,达到8.52 kg/1.5 m2;其生物转化率也最大,为37.9%。2)基质喷施尿素后可显著提高子实体产量,与对照相比总产量增加153%,子实体数量增加159%。3)竹林郁闭度为0.8、覆土方式为凹凸形时,棘托竹荪产量最高,达到12.51 kg/m2;其生物转化率最大,为99.3%。4)在床栽、箱栽、棒栽3种栽培方式中,棒栽方式棘托竹荪采摘周期较长、子实体产量较高、投入较低。研究结果可为广东地区竹荪栽培产业发展提供参考。 相似文献
5.
【目的】探索食用菌人工栽培基质重复利用的可行性,促进食用菌人工栽培的低碳环保化发展。【方法】开展了以灵芝(Ganoderma lucidum)栽培废菌棒辅以毛竹屑为栽培基质的棘托竹荪(Dictyophora echinovolvata)栽培研究。【结果】以废竹屑为基质栽培棘托竹荪,产量为12.59 kg·m-2;在废竹屑基质中添加30%、50%的灵芝废菌棒,棘托竹荪的产量无显著性变化,分别为13.08 kg·m-2和12.73 kg·m-2,但棘托竹荪的现蕾时间会延迟8 d、11 d,采收期会延长3 d、7 d,同时竹荪采收期的产量肩峰会被削减,采收期产量主峰的时间段覆盖范围会被扩大,从而在一定程度上减缓竹荪采收期内产量的波动幅度。【结论】灵芝废菌棒成本远低于竹屑,采用灵芝废菌棒作为棘托竹荪栽培基质配料,相对于竹屑有一定的成本优势。 相似文献
6.
7.
【目的】分析竹林下日温湿度变化对棘托竹荪出菇动态及产量的影响,揭示出菇过程中温湿度的调控机制,为竹林下棘托竹荪的科学种植提供参考依据和技术指导。【方法】以棘托竹荪为研究对象,分别在湖南省的炎陵县和永州市竹林下开展相关研究,记录棘托竹荪出菇期日产量和竹林地表空气温度和相对湿度,拟合日产量动态曲线,并对其日产量与温湿度变化的相关性及不同温、湿度梯度下出菇日产量的差异进行了分析。【结果】出菇期竹林地表日均温度范围为21~32 ℃、空气相对湿度大于65%,且棘托竹荪日产量的变化较符合阻尼正弦函数的动态拟合曲线。虽然林地日均温、湿度及其昼夜差与竹荪日产量间均没有显著的相关性,不同平均日温、相对湿度的梯度间竹荪的日产量存在显著差异,其日产量在日平均温度为26~28 ℃和平均相对湿度为85%~90%时达到最大;除永州点的空气昼夜温差梯度之外,炎陵点的昼夜温、湿度梯度和永州点的昼夜湿度差梯度间的日产量均无显著差异。【结论】在出菇阶段,林地地表空气日平均温度为26~28 ℃、相对湿度保持在85%~90%,且相对小的温湿度变化更有利于棘托竹荪子实体的分化。 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
红托竹荪（Dictyophora rubrovalvata）是我国四大竹荪中公认品质最好的中温型食用菌,在贵州、云南、四川、江西、浙江等地均有分布,是贵州特色优势品种。文章以贵州省龙里县国有龙里林场国家储备林建设项目林下经济板块为例,探索红托竹荪林下扩繁技术,为贵州林下经济高质量发展提供参考。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
15.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
17.
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
19.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
20.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献