共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 937 毫秒
1.
《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2019,(8)
破伤风和气肿疽都是由梭菌引起的行动障碍的动物传染病。二者都具有发病快、死亡率高的特点,给畜牧养殖业带来了严重的经济损失。笔者详细介绍了破伤风和气肿疽病的病原特点,分别对其发病原因、特征症状、流行特点进行深入分析,并提出了本病治疗和预防措施,强调通过提前预防注射破伤风毒素和气肿疽疫苗可减少疫病发生,以期降低家畜破伤风和气肿疽病的损失程度,提高农村养殖业的经济效益。 相似文献
2.
3.
由于各种原因,农村大型犬逐渐减少,取而代之的是小型犬,小型犬与大型犬在饲养管理方式与大型犬有所不同,因此面对的一些疫病的威胁也不同,如小型犬需要经常注射疫苗,需要剪毛、助产、断脐、断尾等,如果消毒不严格,一旦感染了破伤风梭菌,则有可能引起犬的破伤风病,因此应引起高度重视,现就此病的有关情况简单作以介绍,供参考. 相似文献
4.
由于各种原因,农村大型犬逐渐减少,取而代之的是小型犬,小型犬与大型犬在饲养管理方式与大型犬有所不同,因此面对的一些疫病的威胁也不同,如小型犬需要经常注射疫苗,需要剪毛、助产、断脐、断尾等,如果消毒不严格,感染了破伤风梭菌,则有可能引起犬的破伤风病,因此应引起高度重视,现就此病的有关情况简单作以介绍,供参考。 相似文献
5.
家畜破伤风的诊治林家义，林乐峰（江西省龙南县程龙镇兽医站３４１７１５）破伤风，是由于家畜创伤处侵入了破伤风杆菌而引起的。破伤风杆菌能产生芽孢，常存在于土壤、锈铁及粪便中。当断脐带、外刺伤、阉割以及外科手术时，如果消毒不严格，容易感染得病。症状破伤风杆... 相似文献
6.
冶福忠 《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2009,(12):44-44
破伤风是由破伤风杆菌引起的一种非接触性急性传染病。破伤风杆菌广泛存在于土壤和粪便中，当它侵入伤口时可以在伤口的脓血和坏死组织中发芽繁殖并产生强烈的破伤风毒素，导致神经中毒和毒血症。马属动物较易患此病，常因外伤、去势、分娩等因素而感染。潜伏期一般为1～3周，在今年3月份笔者遇到1例马破伤风病例，经过治疗后痊愈。 相似文献
7.
破伤风是人和动物都容易感染的一种疾病,它主要是由于破伤风梭菌引起伤口感染,而且一般情况是伤口较深并且很脏,没有及时清洗伤口,破伤风梭菌乘虚而入,这种疾病没有季节性,一年中每天都可能发生。破伤风梭菌是一种厌氧菌,他在很多地方都普遍存在,像泥土,大粪,甚至尘埃中也会存在本梭菌,它感染家畜后死亡率很高。对破伤风梭菌的治疗方法也有很多,像提前将这种病的疫苗给家畜注射,这样即使家畜受到外伤也不用担心本病的发生,也会给养殖业带来利益。另外,要及时清理家畜的伤口或是手术等留下的深伤口防止这种梭菌感染家畜。本文就家畜破伤风的治疗简单谈谈,希望能对畜牧业家畜治疗本病上有帮助。 相似文献
8.
桦川县申家店林场,于8月10日陆续有9只绵羊发生破伤风,死亡3只,6只治愈。破伤风是破伤风梭菌经伤口感染引起的急性中毒性传染病。1 基本情况8月2日申家店林场组织对绵羊开展口蹄疫疫苗注射,8月10日开始有绵羊表现破伤风症状,并出现死亡现象。经调查,属于操作不当,防疫员在打耳标时没有严格按操作规程进行操作,耳标、钳钉及打标部位没有进行消毒,以至于后来羊只感染破伤风梭菌。2 临床症状耳标部位感染,起初羊只不能自主卧下或起立,中后期颈部肌肉强直不能左右摆动,背部肌肉强直,四肢僵硬,各关节屈曲困难,步态不稳,不能自然转弯,牙关紧闭,应… 相似文献
9.
<正> 氢氧化铝菌羔羊痢疾苗主要用于怀孕母羊,在怀孕母羊分娩前20～30天和10～20天时各注射1次,注射部位分别在两后腿内侧皮下。疫苗用量分别为每只2毫升和3毫升。注射后10天产生免疫力。羔羊通过吃奶获得被动免疫,免疫期5个月。羊四联苗或羊五联苗四联苗即羊快疫、猝疽、肠毒血症、羔羊痢疾苗;五联苗即羊快疫、猝疽、肠毒血症、羔羊痢疾、黑疫苗。于每年3月初和9月下旬分2次接种。接种时不论羊只大小,每只皮下或肌肉注射5毫升。一般在注射疫苗后14天产生免疫力。羊痘鸡胚化弱毒疫苗主要用于预防山羊痘病,每年3～4月份接种,免疫期1年。接种时不论羊只大小,每只皮下注射疫苗0.5毫升。破伤风类霉素主要用于预防羊破伤风。免疫时间在怀孕母羊产前1个月、羔羊育肥阉割前1个月 相似文献
10.
破伤风又名“强直症”、“锁口风”．是由破伤风梭菌经伤口感染后产生外毒素．侵害神经组织所引起的一种急性、中毒性人畜共患传染病。破伤风在2000多年前已为人们所认识，1884年Nicolaier发现了破伤风梭菌。破伤风现遍布全球， 相似文献
11.
James-Berry CM Middleton D Mansfield JP Fenwick SG Ellis TM 《The Veterinary record》2010,167(18):695-699
Tetanus toxoid (TT) was assessed as a positive marker for avian influenza (AI) virus vaccination in chickens, in a vaccination and challenge study. Chickens were vaccinated twice with inactivated AI H5N2 virus vaccine, and then challenged three weeks later with highly pathogenic AI H5N1 virus. Vaccinated chickens were compared with other groups that were either sham-vaccinated or vaccinated with virus with the TT marker. All sham-vaccinated chickens died by 36 hours postinfection, whereas all vaccinated chickens, with or without the TT marker, were protected from morbidity and mortality following exposure to the challenge virus. Serological testing for H5-specific antibodies identified anamnestic responses to H5 in some of the vaccinated birds, indicating active virus infection. 相似文献
12.
: Tetanus with hiatal hernia was diagnosed in a four-month-old female sheepdog pup. The animal was treated with tetanus antitoxin, antibiotics, fluids and intensive nursing care for three weeks and subsequently made a full recovery. 相似文献
13.
For lack of relevant data of the literature, the tetanus immunisation results obtained in the two sexes were compared in an animal model. Complete immunisation series of weaned, adult and aged guinea-pigs (20-25 animals/group) were performed with aluminium phosphate (AlPO4) adsorbed purified tetanus toxoid (PTAP) as well as with typhoid-tetanus vaccine (TY-TE) containing lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Both vaccines contained 5.0 Lf (limes flocculans, Ramon) per single dose of tetanus toxoid, purity degree: 1500 Lf/mg protein nitrogen (PN). Tetanus antitoxin titres (TAT) were measured after the first shot, and subsequently before and after booster. Compared to TAT of male animals, significantly lower titres were found in female animals after basic immunisation with PTAP in all the three age groups: 1.03 vs. 0.57, 8.75 vs. 5.64, and 0.27 vs. 0.15 IU (international units, related to the Copenhagen International Standard) per ml (sex-chromosome-dependent differences?), as well as in adult animals immunised with TY-TE, before booster: 0.07 vs. 0.02 IU/ml (hormone-dependent differences?). In the latter case the TAT results after booster were 14.49 vs. 12.89 IU/ml. Thus, the lower female prebooster titres were counterbalanced by a quick and effective increase of titres following booster. These results are in accordance with our previous observations in humans (Réthy and Réthy, 1986). From our observations with tetanus immunisation series on guinea-pigs it can be concluded that TAT may be influenced by the effects of sex chromosomes as well as of sexual hormones. During active anti-tetanus immunisation with LPS-containing vaccine (TY-TE) the lower adult female prebooster titres are presumably counterbalanced by the better functionality of the female immune memory. 相似文献
14.
用不同培养基制备的精制破伤风类毒素，加入福氏不完全佐剂免疫豚鼠，测血清中抗体效价。结果表明，加强免疫后，以酪蛋白培养基制备的精制破伤风类毒素，其免疫原性为最强，抗体的效价均值达３２６ＩＵ／ｍｌ，与其他各组相比差异显著，这为制备抗原用的培养基的筛选，提供了依据 相似文献
15.
C Bouchez F Gervais R Fleurance B Palate JJ Legrand J Descotes 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2012,25(2):183-188
Although a T-dependent antibody response (TDAR) assay is generally recommended as the first-line immune function assay in nonclinical immunotoxicity evaluation, second-line assays such as delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to measure cell-mediated responses can provide helpful additional information. In this study, male Cynomolgus monkeys were injected intramuscularly either once or twice with 1 mg Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) or twice with a commercially available tetanus vaccine (40 IU tetanus toxoid + 0.06 mg aluminum hydroxide). All animals were subsequently challenged by intradermal injections of the same antigen or aluminum hydroxide after 4, 6 and 8 weeks. Clinical reactions at the injection sites were scored 24, 48 and 72 h post challenge. Skin biopsies were taken on completion of the observation period after each challenge for standard histological examination and immunolabeling using CD3 (T lymphocytes), CD19 (B lymphocytes) and CD68 (macrophages) antibodies. Tetanus toxoid induced stronger clinical reactions than KLH, whereas aluminum hydroxide induced no clinical reaction. Perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrates, a histopathological finding consistent with a DTH reaction, were seen after all challenges with tetanus toxoid or KLH, but not with aluminum hydroxide. Immunohistochemistry evidenced the presence of T lymphocytes and macrophages within these infiltrates. These results suggest that tetanus toxoid adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide can induce a consistent DTH response for use as a model of cell-mediated response in Cynomolgus monkeys. 相似文献
16.
Influenza and tetanus-specific antibodies of the IgG sub-isotypes are posively transferred to foals via colostrum and inhibit their response to inactivated influenza vaccines and tetanus toxoid. High titres of influenza antibodies of IgGa and IgGb subisotypes and tetanus antibodies of the IgGa, IgGb and IgG(T) subisotypes were detected in postsucking serum samples collected from foals born to mares that had received booster doses of multicomponent vaccines during the last 2 months of gestation. Thereafter, titres declined in an exponential manner but were still detectable in all foals at age 26 weeks, regardless of whether they had been vaccinated prior to age 26 weeks. Mean +/- s.e. half-life of decline of influenza IgGa antibodies (27.0 +/- 2.3 days) was significantly shorter than that of influenza IgGb antibodies (39.1 +/- 2.7 days; P<0.005). Tetanus IgGa and IgGb antibodies declined with half-lives of 28.8 +/- 3.0 and 34.8 +/- 5.1 days, respectively. Titres of tetanus IgG(T) antibodies were substantially higher than those of influenza IgG(T) antibodies in postsucking samples and remained so through age 26 weeks, declining with a half-life of approximately 35 days. Postsucking titres of tetanus and influenza antibodies of the IgA isotype were low and declined rapidly to undetectable levels. Yearlings showed significant increases in titre of influenza IgGa, IgGb and IgG(T) subisotype antibodies but no increase in influenza IgA antibodies in response to 2 doses of multicomponent vaccines containing tetanus toxoid and inactivated influenza A-1 and A-2 antigens. Yearlings also showed strong tetanus IgGa, IgGb and IgG(T) subisotype responses to one dose of vaccine and a substantial further rise in titre in response to administration of a second dose 3 weeks later, but failed to show an increase in titre of tetanus IgA antibodies. The influenza and tetanus IgGa, IgGb and IgG(T) subisotype responses of 6-month-old foals to vaccination followed the same pattern as those shown by yearlings but titres were generally lower. In contrast, 3-month-old foals failed to show increases in titre of either influenza or tetanus IgG subisotypes in response to 2 doses of vaccine and generally needed 1-3 additional booster doses of vaccine to achieve titres similar to those achieved by yearlings after 2 doses. Based on the finding that maternal antibodies exert a significant inhibitory effect on the response of foals to tetanus toxoid and inactivated influenza antigens, it is recommended that primary immunisation of foals born to vaccinated mares should not commence before age 6 months. 相似文献
17.
Tetanus is rare in cats owing to their innate resistance. Clinical diagnosis may not be obvious in the early stages of the disease when characteristic signs of generalised tetanus are absent. However, the history of a penetrating/neglected wound and the presence of persistent involuntary muscle rigidity in a mentally alert animal should always lead to the suspicion of tetanus. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are the keys to a successful outcome. 相似文献
18.
A four-month-old male, entire, border collie was presented to the Queen Mother Hospital for Animals with a two day history of muscular spasms and "Risus sardonicus". Tetanus was diagnosed, and the dog was treated with tetanus antitoxin, antibiotics and supportive therapy. Coxofemoral luxation resulted as a complication of the tetanus and was successfully managed by performing a femoral head and neck excision. This is the first report of joint luxation associated with Clostridium tetani infection in a dog. 相似文献
19.
D L Panciera C J Baldwin B W Keene 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1988,192(2):225-227
Bradycardia, sinus arrest, and second-degree atrioventricular block developed in 2 dogs with tetanus. Clinical signs attributable to bradycardia were not apparent. Administration of atropine resulted in resolution of the arrhythmias. Both dogs responded well to supportive treatment; the bradycardia resolved within 4 days of onset without specific treatment. Tetanus should be included in the differential diagnosis when increased neuromuscular excitability and bradycardia are evident, as is found in toxicity with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, increased intracranial pressure, and other neurologic disorders. 相似文献
20.
Insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) is an IgE-mediated dermatitis caused by bites of midges from the genus Culicoides. We have shown previously that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from IBH-affected horses produce higher levels of IL-4 and lower levels of IL-10 and TGF-β1 than those from healthy horses, suggesting that IBH is associated with a reduced regulatory immune response. FoxP3 is a crucial marker of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Here we have determined the proportion of CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) T cells by flow cytometry in PBMC directly after isolation or after stimulation with Culicoides extract or a control antigen (Tetanus Toxoid). There were no differences between healthy and IBH horses either in the proportion of FoxP3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+) cells in freshly isolated PBMC or in the following stimulation with Tetanus Toxoid. However, upon stimulation of PBMC with the allergen, expression of FoxP3 by CD4(+)CD25(+high) and CD4(+)CD25(+dim) cells was significantly higher in healthy than in IBH horses. Addition of recombinant IL-4 to PBMC from healthy horses stimulated with the allergen significantly decreased the proportion of FoxP3 expressing cells within CD4(+)CD25(+high). These results suggest that IBH is associated with a decreased number of allergen-induced Tregs. This could be a consequence of the increased IL-4 production by PBMC of IBH-affected horses. 相似文献