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1.
To evaluate the relationship between endostatin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cancers of dogs, circulating concentrations of these 2 tumor-associated markers were measured prospectively in healthy dogs (n = 44), dogs with tumors (n = 54), and dogs with nonneoplastic diseases (n = 42 for endostatin; n = 16 for VEGF). A canine-directed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used for determination of endostatin, and a human-directed kit was validated for detection of canine VEGF. Concentrations of endostatin for all dogs were 28-408 ng/mL. Increasing serum endostatin concentration was associated with increasing age (P = .0396). Concentrations of endostatin were not different among groups of dogs (P = .1989) when adjusted for age. Mean endostatin concentrations for all dogs were higher in dogs (P = .0124) with detectable VEGF concentrations. Endostatin concentrations, when corrected for age, were related to decreasing PCV (P = .032) but not white blood cell count (P = .225) or platelet count (P = .1990). Measurable VEGF (> or = 2.5 pg/mL) was detected in 3 (7.0%) of 43 healthy dogs. Dogs with tumors had detectable VEGF in 24 (44%) of 54 dogs, with concentrations ranging from 2.5-274 pg/mL; only 1 dog with a nonneoplastic disease process had detectable VEGF. VEGF concentrations for all dogs after correcting for age, endostatin, and disease categories were associated with increased white blood cell count (P = .0032) and platelet counts (P = .0064) and decreased PCV (P = .0017). Linkage between increased endostatin and VEGF concentrations suggests that similar factors may influence concentrations of these markers. Further evaluation of endostatin and VEGF associations in dogs with tumors may provide information on the extent and progression of the disease.  相似文献   

2.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a dimeric glycosylated polypeptide growth factor with potent angiogenic, mitogenic, and vascular permeability-enhancing properties specific for endothelial cells. In humans, VEGF seems to play a major role in tumor growth, and plasma concentrations correlate with tumor burden, response to therapy, and disease progression. This study compared plasma VEGF concentrations in healthy client-owned dogs (n = 17) to dogs with hemangiosarcoma (HSA; n 16). Dogs with HSA were significantly more likely to have detectable concentrations of plasma VEGF (13/17) compared to healthy dogs (1/17; P < .001). The median plasma VEGF concentration for dogs with HSA was 17.2 pg/mL (range, < 1.0-66.7 pg/mL). Plasma VEGF concentrations in dogs with HSA did not correlate with stage of disease or tumor burden, but 1 dog had undetectable VEGF during chemotherapy that subsequently increased with disease progression.  相似文献   

3.
Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) are sensitive and specific markers for myocardial ischemia and necrosis. Dogs with pericardial effusion frequently have myocardial ischemia and necrosis, and these changes are more severe in dogs with hemangiosarcoma (HSA). We investigated the utility of using serum cTnI and cTnT concentrations to identify the idiopathic pericardial effusion from that associated with HSA. Blood samples for measurement of cTnI and cTnT concentrations were collected before pericardiocentesis in 37 dogs with pericardial effusion. Eighteen dogs had a mass consistent with HSA, 6 dogs had idiopathic pericardial effusion, 1 dog had mesothelioma, and 1 dog had a heart base tumor. No final diagnosis was achieved for 11 dogs. Dogs with pericardial effusion had significantly higher serum concentrations of cTnI (P < .001) but not cTnT (P = .16) than did normal dogs. Dogs with HSA had significantly higher concentrations of cTnI (2.77 ng/dL; range: 0.09-47.18 ng/dL) than did dogs with idiopathic pericardial effusion (0.05 ng/dL; range: 0.03-0.09 ng/dL) (P < .001). There was no difference in the concentration of cTnT between dogs with HSA and those with idiopathic pericardial effusion (P = .08). Measurement of cTnI may be useful in helping to distinguish between idiopathic pericardial effusion and pericardial effusion caused by HSA.  相似文献   

4.
Thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), and cortisol frequently are quantified in canine serum or plasma samples to aid in the diagnosis of hypothyroidism, hypoadrenocorticism, and hyperadrenocorticism. Many laboratories have established reliable references values for concentrations of these hormones in blood of clinically normal animals. However, nonpathologic factors that affect thyroidal and adrenocortical secretion may lead to misinterpretation of test results when values for individual animals are compared with reference values. The objective of the study reported here was to identify effects of age, sex, and body size (ie, breed) on serum concentrations of T3, T4, and cortisol in dogs. Blood samples were collected from 1,074 healthy dogs, and serum concentrations of the iodothyronines and cortisol were evaluated for effects of breed/size, sex, and age. Mean (+/- SEM) serum concentration of T4 was greater in small (2.45 +/- 0.06 micrograms/dl)- than in medium (1.94 +/- 0.04 micrograms/dl)- or large (2.03 +/- 0.03 micrograms/dl)-breed dogs, the same in females (2.11 +/- 0.04 micrograms/dl) and males (2.08 +/- 0.04 micrograms/dl), and greater in nursing pups (3.04 +/- 0.05 micrograms/dl) than in weanling pups (1.94 +/- 0.05 micrograms/dl), rapidly growing dogs (1.95 +/- 0.04 micrograms/dl), and young adult (1.90 +/- 0.06 micrograms/dl), middle-aged adult (1.72 +/- 0.05 micrograms/dl), or old adult (1.50 +/- 0.05 micrograms/dl) dogs. Dogs greater than 6 years old had lower mean serum T4 concentration than did dogs of all other ages, except middle-aged adults. Mean serum T3 concentration in medium-sized dogs (1.00 +/- 0.01 ng/ml) was greater than that in small (0.90 +/- 0.01 ng/ml)- and large (0.88 +/- 0.01 ng/ml)-breed dogs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

5.
BackgroundSerum-based parameters are considered non-invasive biomarkers for cancer detection. In human studies, insulin-like growth factor-I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) are useful as diagnostic or prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets.ObjectivesThis study examined the diagnostic utility of circulating IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 levels in healthy dogs and dogs with tumors.MethodsThe serum concentrations of these biomarkers in 86 dogs with tumors were compared with those in 30 healthy dogs using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsThe ELISA results showed no difference between healthy dogs and dogs with tumors in the serum IGF-II concentrations. On the other hand, there was a significant difference in the circulating IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels between healthy dogs and dogs with tumors. The concentrations of serum IGF-I (median [interquartile range], 103.4 [59.5–175] ng/mL) in dogs with epithelial tumors were higher than those (58.4 ng/mL [43.5–79.9]) in healthy dogs. Thus, the concentrations of serum IGFBP-3 (43.4 ng/mL [33.2–57.2]) in dogs with malignant mesenchymal tumors were lower than those (60.8 ng/mL [47.6–70.5]) in healthy dogs.ConclusionsThe serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels can be used as diagnostic biomarkers in dogs with tumors.  相似文献   

6.
OBJECTIVE: To compare serum concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-[OH]2D3) and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-[OH]D3) in healthy control dogs and dogs with naturally occurring acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF). ANIMALS: 24 control dogs, 10 dogs with ARF, and 40 dogs with CRF. PROCEDURE: Serum concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D3 were measured by use of a quantitative radioimmunoassay, and serum concentrations of 25-(OH)D3 were measured by use of a protein-binding assay. RESULTS: Mean +/- SD serum concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D3 was 153 +/- 50 pmol/L in control dogs, 75 +/- 25 pmol/L in dogs with ARF, and 93 +/- 67 pmol/L in dogs with CRF. The concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D3 did not differ significantly between dogs with ARF and those with CRF and was in the reference range in most dogs; however, the concentration was significantly lower in dogs with ARF or CRF, compared with the concentration in control dogs. Mean +/- SD concentration of 25-(OH)D3 was 267 +/- 97 nmol/L in control dogs, 130 +/- 82 nmol/L in dogs with ARF, and 84 +/- 60 nmol/L in dogs with CRF. The concentration of 25-(OH)D3 was significantly lower in dogs with ARF or CRF, compared with the concentration in control dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D3 was within the reference range in most dogs with renal failure. Increased serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone indicated a relative deficiency of 1,25-(OH)2D3. A decrease in the serum concentration of 25-(OH)D3 in dogs with CRF appeared to be attributable to reduced intake and increased urinary loss.  相似文献   

7.
Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) concentrations were determined, by use of an automated microparticle enzyme-linked immunoassay (MEIA), in 16 control dogs and 48 dogs with previously untreated, histologically confirmed, naturally occurring neoplasia (17 dogs with lymphoma and 31 dogs with nonhematopoietic malignancies, 13 dogs with carcinomas, 18 dogs with sarcomas). Mean serum AFP concentrations for untreated dogs with lymphoma, for dogs with sarcomas, and for dogs with carcinomas were not significantly different from the mean serum AFP concentration for the 16 untreated control dogs. Mean serum AFP concentration for dogs with transitional cell carcinoma (n=7) was not significantly different from the mean serum AFP concentration for the control dogs. It has been shown previously by others that a mean serum AFP concentration > 225 ng/mL is suggestive of a hepatic malignancy (e.g., hepatocellular carcinoma, lymphoma). In our study, all 48 dogs had a normal complete blood count, serum biochemical analysis, and urinalysis. Only one of the 48 dogs was found to have a serum AFP concentration > 225 ng/mL. Later evaluation of this dog confirmed hepatic involvement with lymphoma. AFP can be detected in the serum of dogs with naturally occurring tumors using the MEIA technique. A serum AFP concentration above that observed in normal dogs is not a common finding in dogs with naturally occurring neoplasia; however, we confirmed that a serum AFP concentration > 225 ng/mL, with or without evidence of a serum biochemical abnormality, may suggest primary and/or secondary hepatic involvement with a neoplastic disease and may warrant an adjustment in clinical stage and prognosis. A prospective diagnostic and therapeutic evaluation of dogs, with naturally occurring tumors having an elevated serum AFP concentration would determine the validity of this conclusion.  相似文献   

8.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of methylprednisolone treatment on serum leptin and ghrelin levels in healthy dogs (n=40). After 14 h of fasting, the dogs were injected intramuscularly with saline (control group) or methylprednisolone (1, 5 or 10mg/kg). Blood samples were collected prior to (baseline) and 2, 3, 4, 8, 12 and 24h subsequent to the treatments. Serum leptin and ghrelin were measured by radioimmunoassay. The mean baseline serum leptin and ghrelin were 2.5+/-0.1 ng/mL (n=40) and 35.0+/-2.1 pg/mL (n=40), respectively. In the control dogs, serum leptin, but not ghrelin levels showed a significant fluctuation during the 24h observation period. Serum leptin increased significantly (p<0.05-0.01) between 2 and 12h after 1mg/kg of methylprednisolone. Serum leptin levels showed biphasic response to 5mg/kg of methylprednisolone: its level decreased to 1.9+/-0.1 ng/mL (p<0.01) at 2h and increased at 12h (2.6+/-0.1 ng/mL) (p<0.01). In response to 10mg/kg of methylprednisolone, serum leptin levels decreased significantly (p<0.01) for 24h. Serum ghrelin levels decreased to 19+/-5 pg/mL at 2-3h (p<0.01) or increased to 87+/-18 pg/mL at 3-8h (p<0.05-0.01) after 1mg/kg of methylprednisolone or 10mg/kg of methylprednisolone, respectively. Serum ghrelin levels did not change at any time point during 24h observation period after 5mg/kg of methylprednisolone. There was a significant (p<0.001) inverse correlation (r=-0.635) between serum leptin and ghrelin levels. In conclusion, we found that methylprednisolone increases or decreases serum leptin and ghrelin levels depending upon its dose and there is a negative correlation between serum leptin and ghrelin levels after methylprednisolone administration.  相似文献   

9.
This prospective study was designed to investigate D-dimer concentrations in clinically healthy dogs, clinically ill dogs without thromboembolic disease (TE), and dogs with TE. The goals of this study were to determine whether the coagulation cascade is activated in nonembolic metabolic and inflammatory conditions and whether differentiation from TE is possible. Group 1 consisted of 30 clinically healthy dogs presented for routine care. Group 2 consisted of 67 clinically ill dogs without TE. This group was subdivided into the following categories: postoperative surgical procedures, congestive heart failure, renal failure, hepatic disease, and neoplastic disease. Group 3 consisted of 20 dogs diagnosed with TE. A CBC and a measurement of prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (PTT), fibrinogen degradation product (FDP) concentration, and plasma D-dimer concentration was performed on dogs in all groups. D-dimer concentrations were highest in dogs with TE; next highest was the hepatic disease group. Only these 2 groups had median D-dimer concentrations markedly different from clinically healthy dogs. The frequency of platelet abnormalities was markedly greater for the TE and neoplastic disease groups. The sensitivity of D-dimer concentrations >500 ng/mL for predicting TE was 100%; however, the specificity of D-dimer for TE at that concentration was 70%. The specificity of D-dimer concentrations >1,000 ng/mL to predict TE was 94% (sensitivity, 80%), and the specificity of D-dimer concentrations >2,000 ng/mL was 98.5% (sensitivity, 36%). FDPs were not high in any TE patient; thus, they may be an insensitive indicator of thromboembolism, with or without overt disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).  相似文献   

10.
Cardiac troponin-I (cTnI) is a highly sensitive and specific marker of myocardial injury and can be detected in plasma by immunoassay techniques. The purpose of this study was to establish a reference range for plasma cTnI in a population of healthy dogs using a human immunoassay system and to determine whether plasma cTnI concentrations were high in dogs with acquired or congenital heart disease, specifically cardiomyopathy (CM), degenerative mitral valve disease (MVD), and subvalvular aortic stenosis (SAS). In total, 269 dogs were examined by physical examination, electrocardiography, echocardiography, and plasma cTnI assay. In 176 healthy dogs, median cTnI was 0.03 ng/mL (upper 95th percentile = 0.11 ng/mL). Compared with the healthy population, median plasma cTnI was increased in dogs with CM (0.14 ng/mL; range, 0.03-1.88 ng/mL; P < .001; n = 26), in dogs with MVD (0.11 ng/mL; range, 0.01-9.53 ng/mL; P < .001; n = 37), and in dogs with SAS (0.08 ng/mL; range, 0.01-0.94 ng/mL; P < .001; n = 30). In dogs with CM and MVD, plasma cTnI was correlated with left ventricular and left atrial size. In dogs with SAS, cTnI demonstrated a modest correlation with ventricular wall thickness. In dogs with CM, the median survival time of those with cTnI >0.20 ng/mL was significantly shorter than median survival time of those with cTnI <0.20 ng/mL (112 days versus 357 days; P = .006). Plasma cTnI is high in dogs with cardiac disease, correlates with heart size and survival, and can be used as a blood-based biomarker of cardiac disease.  相似文献   

11.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has potent angiogenic, mitogenic, and vascular permeability enhancing properties specific for endothelial cells. VEGF is present in high concentrations in inflammatory and neoplastic body cavity effusions and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neoplastic and inflammatory effusion formation. In this study, VEGF was quantitated by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) in samples of pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal effusions (N = 38) from dogs (N = 35) with neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases. VEGF was detected in 37 of 38 effusions (median, 754; range, 18-3,669 pg/mL) and was present in much higher concentrations than in previously established normal concentrations for canine plasma (median, < 1 pg/mL; range, < 1-18 pg/mL) or in those previously noted in the plasma of dogs with hemangiosarcoma (HSA; median, 17 pg/mL; range, < 1-67 pg/mL). In 4 dogs with HSA, the concurrent plasma VEGF concentration was much lower than in the abdominal effusion (P = .029). No significant correlation was demonstrated between VEGF effusion concentration and effusion total protein content or nucleated cell count. Mean VEGF concentrations were significantly higher in pericardial (median, 3,533; range, 709-3,669 pg/mL) and pleural effusions (median, 3,144; range, 0-3,663 pg/mL) compared to peritoneal effusions (median, 288; range, 18-2,607 pg/mL; P < .05). There was no marked difference demonstrated between effusions associated with malignant and nonmalignant diseases. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the role of VEGF in body cavity effusion formation in dogs.  相似文献   

12.
OBJECTIVE: To determine pharmacokinetics of buprenorphine in dogs after i.v. administration. ANIMALS: 6 healthy adult dogs. PROCEDURES: 6 dogs received buprenorphine at 0.015 mg/kg, i.v. Blood samples were collected at time 0 prior to drug administration and at 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 360, 540, 720, 1,080, and 1,440 minutes after drug administration. Serum buprenorphine concentrations were determined by use of double-antibody radioimmunoassay. Data were subjected to noncompartmental analysis with area under the time-concentration curve to infinity (AUC) and area under the first moment curve calculated to infinity by use of a log-linear trapezoidal model. Other kinetic variables included terminal rate constant (k(el)) and elimination half-life (t(1/2)), plasma clearance (Cl), volume of distribution at steady state (Vd(ss)), and mean residence time (MRT). Time to maximal concentration (T(max)) and maximal serum concentration (C(max)) were measured. RESULTS: Median (range) values for T(max) and MRT were 2 minutes (2 to 5 minutes) and 264 minutes (199 to 600 minutes), respectively. Harmonic mean and pseudo SD for t(1/2) were 270+/-130 minutes; mean +/- SD values for remaining pharmacokinetic variables were as follows: C(max), 14+/-2.6 ng/mL; AUC, 3,082+/-1,047 ng x min/mL; Vd(ss), 1.59+/-0.285 L/kg; Cl, 5.4+/-1.9 mL/min/kg; and, k(el), 0.0026+/-0.0,012. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Pharmacokinetic variables of buprenorphine reported here differed from those previously reported for dogs. Wide variations in individual t(1/2) values suggested that dosing intervals be based on assessment of pain status rather than prescribed dosing intervals.  相似文献   

13.
OBJECTIVE: To determine concentrations of marbofloxacin in alveolar macrophages (AMs) and epithelial lining fluid (ELF) and compare those concentrations with plasma concentrations in healthy dogs. ANIMALS: 12 adult mixed-breed and purebred hounds. PROCEDURE: 10 dogs received orally administered marbofloxacin at a dosage of 2.75 mg/kg every 24 hours for 5 days. Two dogs served as nontreated controls. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage procedures were performed while dogs were anesthetized with propofol, approximately 6 hours after the fifth dose. The concentrations of marbofloxacin in plasma and bronchoalveolar fluid (cell and supernatant fractions) were determined by use of high-performance liquid chromatography with detection of fluorescence. RESULTS: Mean +/- SD plasma marbofloxacin concentrations 2 and 6 hours after the fifth dose were 2.36 +/- 0.52 microg/mL and 1.81 +/- 0.21 microg/mL, respectively. Mean +/- SD marbofloxacin concentration 6 hours after the fifth dose in AMs (37.43 +/- 24.61 microg/mL) was significantly greater than that in plasma (1.81 +/- 0.21 microg/mL) and ELF (0.82 +/- 0.34 microg/mL), resulting in a mean AM concentration-to-plasma concentration ratio of 20.4, a mean AM:ELF ratio of 60.8, and a mean ELF-to-plasma ratio of 0.46. Marbofloxacin was not detected in any samples from control dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Marbofloxacin concentrations in AMs were greater than the mean inhibitory concentrations of major bacterial pathogens in dogs. Results indicated that marbofloxacin accumulates in AMs at concentrations exceeding those reached in plasma and ELF The accumulation of marbofloxacin in AMs may facilitate treatment for susceptible intracellular pathogens or infections associated with pulmonary macrophage infiltration.  相似文献   

14.
Plasma L-carnitine concentration in healthy dogs and dogs with hepatopathy   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
BACKGROUND: L-Carnitine has an essential role in lipid metabolism. Disturbances of L-carnitine metabolism can influence the energy supply of the organism. L-Carnitine is synthesized exclusively in the liver. Hence, we hypothesized that liver disease can influence L-carnitine metabolism. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to compare plasma L-carnitine concentrations in dogs with different liver diseases of differing severity with the plasma L-carnitine concentrations of healthy dogs. METHODS: Sixteen dogs with inflammatory liver disease and 12 dogs with liver neoplasia were included in the study. Liver disease was diagnosed by clinical chemistry, ultrasonography, and histology of liver biopsy specimens. L-Carnitine concentration was measured in plasma samples using mass spectrometry, and compared among groups using unpaired Student's t-tests. RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls (24.4 +/- 8.4 micromol/L), the plasma L-carnitine concentration in dogs with liver disease (44.2 +/- 23.7 micromol/L) was significantly higher (P<.0001). The difference in L-carnitine concentration between dogs with moderate (n=8; 33.6 +/- 13.7 micromol/L) and severe (n=8; 57.4 +/- 22.9 micromol/L) hepatitis was also significant (P=.02). No difference in plasma L-carnitine concentration was found between dogs with hepatitis and those with liver tumors. CONCLUSIONS: Liver disease in dogs was accompanied by elevated plasma L-carnitine concentration. The severity of hepatitis appears to influence L-carnitine concentration.  相似文献   

15.
Background: Hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a common malignancy of dogs with characteristic early, aggressive metastasis. Diagnosis of HSA is challenging because of lack of sensitive and specific diagnostic tests. Hypothesis: Specific proteins that are increased in serum of dogs with HSA might represent useful biomarkers of the disease. Animals: Thirty‐four dogs with HSA and 42 healthy dogs from the Ontario Veterinary College Teaching Hospital. Methods: This case‐control study compared serum proteins in dogs with HSA and healthy dogs. Proteins were separated by 2‐dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and identified by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Results: Western blot analysis showed that serum collagen XXVII peptide concentration in serum of dogs with large metastatic HSA burdens (1,488, 231–3,754 DU; median, minimum‐maximum); was, on average, 9.5‐fold higher than in healthy dogs (156; 46–2,101 DU). While concentrations for dogs with osteosarcomas (678; 124–3,251 DU), lymphomas (423; 92–2,777 DU), carcinomas (1,022; 177–3,448 DU), and inflammatory disease were also increased, values were consistently lower than those for HSA. Receiver operating characteristic curves revealed an estimated area under the curve of 83% for HSA cases whereas areas for other neoplastic and nonneoplastic diseases were nondiscriminatory. Serum collagen XXVII peptide concentration before splenectomy (1,350; 1,156–1,929 DU) was reduced after tumor removal (529; 452–562 DU) and chemotherapy but increased in 2 dogs with tumor recurrence (511–945 DU; 493–650 DU). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Collagen XXVII peptide might be useful for diagnosis and monitoring of advanced HSA.  相似文献   

16.
BACKGROUND: Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is part of a routine clinical workup in veterinary patients when neurologic disease is suspected. However, knowledge of particular protein markers of disease in CSF is limited. The concentration of myelin basic protein (MBP) in CSF is used as a biochemical marker in humans to evaluate demyelinating lesions in the central nervous system (CNS). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate an ELISA for determination of MBP concentration in the CSF of German shepherd dogs with degenerative myelopathy (GSDM). METHODS: Cross-reactivity of the anti-human polyclonal antibody used in a commercial ELISA (Active MBP ELISA, Diagnostic Systems Laboratories Inc, Webster, TX, USA) was tested with canine MBP by immunoblotting. CSF samples were collected from both the cisterna magna and the lumbar cistern of 8 clinically healthy control dogs and 8 German shepherd dogs clinically diagnosed with GSDM. MBP concentrations were measured in all CSF samples using the ELISA. RESULTS: The mean MBP concentration in CSF from the lumbar cistern of dogs with GSDM (3.13 -/+ 0.46 ng/mL) was significantly higher than that in the cisterna magna (0.70 -/+ 0.06 ng/mL) and from both cisternal (0.47 -/+ 0.07 ng/mL) and lumbar (0.94 -/+ 0.37 ng/mL) samples from control dogs. CONCLUSION: The MBP ELISA has potential as a supplemental test of CSF to diagnose demyelinating disorders in dogs.  相似文献   

17.
In this study, we measured the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I levels and evaluated the serum protein profiles of diabetic, insulin-treated, and healthy cats and dogs. The total IGF-I concentrations were 33.74 ± 3.4 ng/mL for normal, 25.8 ± 4.5 ng/mL for diabetic, and 180.4 ± 31.4 ng/mL for insulin-treated cats. IGF-I concentrations were 46.4 ± 6.6 ng/mL for normal, 25.1 ± 4.1 ng/mL for diabetic, and 303.0 ± 61.3 ng/mL for insulin-treated dogs. Total serum protein profiles were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Fourteen bands ranging from 25 to 240 kDa in size were observed for cats, and 17 bands ranging from 25 to 289 kDa were observed for dogs. The densities of the bands differed among control, diabetic, and insulin-treated animals. In conclusion, we found that serum protein profiles and IGF-I concentrations were altered in both diabetic and insulin-treated animals. When judiciously interpreted in the light of other clinical and laboratory data, the techniques used in our study provide a valuable modality for measuring the severity of diabetes mellitus in dogs and cats.  相似文献   

18.
OBJECTIVE: To purify canine carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme III (CA-III) and determine plasma, serum, and tissue concentrations of CA-III in healthy dogs and dogs with experimentally induced muscle damage. ANIMALS: 121 healthy Beagles. PROCEDURE: Muscle was obtained from 2 Beagles after euthanasia, and CA-III was purified and characterized by use of column chromatography and electrophoresis, respectively. A CA-III-specific ELISA was developed to determine concentrations of CA-III in plasma of 116 dogs and tissues of 1 dog. Serum creatine kinase (CK) activity and CA-III concentration were also determined before and after induction of muscle damage by IM injection of 2 ml of 10% lidocaine to 2 dogs. RESULTS: Canine CA-III had a molecular weight of 28 kd and an isoelectric point of 8.2. Mean (+/- SD) concentration of CA-III in plasma of healthy dogs was 16.91 +/- 9.55 ng/ml. The highest tissue concentration of CA-III was detected in skeletal muscle. Serum concentration of CA-III increased and peaked within the first 2 to 3 hours after induction of muscle damage. The increase in CA-III concentration was more rapid than that of CK activity, and concentration reached its maximum and returned to baseline sooner than did CK activity. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The CA-III ELISA we developed was a sensitive method for determining CA-III concentrations in plasma, serum samples, and tissue specimens of dogs. Use of this ELISA requires only a small volume of serum and may enable the study of changes in CA isoenzyme concentrations associated with muscle disorders in dogs.  相似文献   

19.
The pharmacokinetics of selamectin were evaluated in cats and dogs, following intravenous (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg), topical (24 mg/kg) and oral (24 mg/kg) administration. Following selamectin administration, serial blood samples were collected and plasma concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After intravenous administration of selamectin to cats and dogs, the mean maximum plasma concentrations and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) were linearly related to the dose, and mean systemic clearance (Clb) and steady-state volume of distribution (Vd(ss)) were independent of dose. Plasma concentrations after intravenous administration declined polyexponentially in cats and biphasically in dogs, with mean terminal phase half-lives (t(1/2)) of approximately 69 h in cats and 14 h in dogs. In cats, overall Clb was 0.470 +/- 0.039 mL/min/kg (+/-SD) and overall Vd(ss) was 2.19 +/- 0.05 L/kg, compared with values of 1.18 +/- 0.31 mL/min/kg and 1.24 +/- 0.26 L/kg, respectively, in dogs. After topical administration, the mean C(max) in cats was 5513 +/- 2173 ng/mL reached at a time (T(max)) of 15 +/- 12 h postadministration; in dogs, C(max) was 86.5 +/- 34.0 ng/mL at T(max) of 72 +/- 48 h. Bioavailability was 74% in cats and 4.4% in dogs. Following oral administration to cats, mean C(max) was 11,929 +/- 5922 ng/mL at T(max) of 7 +/- 6 h and bioavailability was 109%. In dogs, mean C(max) was 7630 +/- 3140 ng/mL at T(max) of 8 +/- 5 h and bioavailability was 62%. There were no selamectin-related adverse effects and no sex differences in pharmacokinetic parameters. Linearity was established in cats and dogs for plasma concentrations up to 874 and 636 ng/mL, respectively. Pharmacokinetic evaluations for selamectin following intravenous administration indicated a slower elimination from the central compartment in cats than in dogs. This was reflected in slower clearance and longer t(1/2) in cats, probably as a result of species-related differences in metabolism and excretion. Inter-species differences in pharmacokinetic profiles were also observed following topical administration where differences in transdermal flux rates may have contributed to the overall differences in systemic bioavailability.  相似文献   

20.
Serum triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) concentrations were determined after IV administration of 200 micrograms of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) to 10 healthy euthyroid dogs. Significant (P less than 0.05) changes were not found in the T3 concentration throughout an 8-hour sampling interval. All dogs had a significant increase (P less than 0.05) in the T4 concentration at 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 hours after TRH administration. The largest increase in the serum T4 concentration occurred 4 hours after TRH injection. From 4 to 8 hours after TRH administration, the mean increase above basal T4 concentrations was 13.9 +/- 5.4 ng/ml.  相似文献   

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