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1.
摘要：选取水稻生物硝化抑制剂1,9-癸二醇作为研究对象,对比旋转蒸发法和固相萃取法对该物质的回收率(80.17 % 和82.97 %)及效率,确定固相萃取法为水稻根系分泌物收集液的前处理方法,且该方法具有高效省时的特点。在气相色谱(GC)分析方法的基础上,对衍生化试剂和衍生化条件进行了优化,结果表明,使用N,O-双(三甲基硅基)三氟乙酰胺(BSTFA)作为1,9-癸二醇的衍生化试剂时,衍生化产物具有较高的响应值；衍生化过程中加入200 μL BSTFA,在60℃条件下反应30 min时,1,9-癸二醇经过GC方法分析得到的分析效果最好；且本方法仪器的日内精密度为2.18 %,日间精密度为3.01 %, 线性方程为 y = 34.77x-0.90, r = 0.9993, 最小检出限为 0.05 μg/mL,此方法可为水稻根系分泌物中生物硝化抑制剂1,9-癸二醇的定量研究提供参考。 相似文献
2.
四氢噻吩常用作燃气的气味添加剂,用以追踪燃气的泄露。为建立一套便携式顶空-气相色谱质谱联用法(HS-GC/MS)检测土壤中四氢噻吩浓度的方法,采用正交试验对顶空进样条件(平衡温度、平衡时间和进样压力)和气相色谱质谱检测条件进优化。结果表明,顶空进样的最佳条件为平衡温度80 ℃,平衡时间20 min,进样压力100 kPa。便携式气相色谱质谱联用法(GC/MS)的升温程序：初始柱温60 ℃,保持2 min,以10 ℃/min的速率升至90 ℃,保持4 min,然后以20 ℃/min的速率升至200 ℃,保持10 min。在最佳条件下,方法的检出范围0.005 mg/kg～10.000 mg/kg,不同浓度四氢噻吩的加标回收率为82.4%～98.5%,日内和日间精密度相对标准偏差为4.6%～7.5%,建立的方法快速高效、重复性好,可用于土壤中四氢噻吩现场快速检测。 相似文献
3.
气相色谱法同时测定草莓中7种农药多残留的方法探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
探索建立了利用气相色谱法检测草莓中百菌清、三唑酮、甲氰菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯和溴氰菊酯7种农药残留的方法。样品经乙腈提取,弗罗里矽柱净化,用气相色谱仪电子捕获检测器测定,在其他检测条件不变的情况下,从47种柱温程序升温方法中筛选出4种备选的柱温程序升温方法与2种常用的进样口温度进行组合,通过出峰情况最后确定方法是进样口温度250℃,柱温程序升温方法是50℃(1min)40℃/min 100℃(1min)25℃/min 200℃(3min)8℃/min 220℃(3min)8℃/min270℃(40min);该方法同时测定上述7种农药的结果相关系数范围是0.994 6~0.999 8;添加回收率范围在73.4%~110.5%,变异系数范围为1.67%~9.78%;方法检出限范围为0.367μg/kg~4.681μg/kg。改进后的方法能满足日常测定草莓中7种有机氯及拟虫菊酯类农药残留的需求。 相似文献
4.
为探究超声波辅助法提取灵芝天然黑色素的最佳工艺条件,本试验以灵芝子实体粉为原材料,以黑色素溶液吸光度为响应值,分别考察Na OH浓度、料液比、超声时间和超声功率4个因素对提取效果的影响,并在单因素试验基础上,通过Box-Behnken响应面分析法优化灵芝天然黑色素的超声波辅助提取工艺。结果表明,响应面法合理可行,最佳提取条件为Na OH浓度1 mol·L~(-1)、料液比1∶39.7g·m L~(-1)、超声功率为162 W和超声时间49.8 min,在此条件下灵芝黑色素吸光度为0.782,与预测值0.783相近。本试验从多角度优化超声波辅助提取灵芝黑色素工艺,为灵芝黑色素的进一步加工提供了理论依据。 相似文献
5.
6.
为进一步开发玉米须资源,以废弃的玉米须为原料,探讨不同萃取剂、超声时间、表面活性剂、温度、提取时间、液料比、搅拌转速对类胡萝卜素提取量的影响,同时研究光照、pH、营养元素、超声时间对玉米须类胡萝卜素稳定性的影响。结果表明,玉米须类胡萝卜素最适提取工艺条件:以丙酮为萃取剂,超声预处理6 min,十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)用量1.6%,提取温度35℃,提取时间45 min,液料比13m L·g~(-1),搅拌转速125 r·min~(-1),此条件下的提取量为311.21 mg·kg~(-1),与理论预测值(313.96 mg·kg~(-1))相近。玉米须类胡萝卜素对光照,提取温度,酸碱环境,Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Fe~(2+)、Fe~(3+)、Zn~(2+)元素和超声处理较为敏感,而在避光、中性环境、Na~+和K~+元素条件下有利于其储存,适度的超声处理在提高玉米须类胡萝卜素提取率的同时对其稳定性无显著影响,节约时间成本。综上,高效利用玉米须中的类胡萝卜素对玉米须深加工具有重要意义。 相似文献
7.
为进一步开发红叶李资源,筛选其活性成分,通过比较水煮沸、醇回流、超声、微波、闪式、超临界CO_2(SFE-CO_2)、复合酶酶解等提取方法对红叶李花中总黄酮含量的影响和对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的抑制效果,确定最佳提取方法,并通过单因素试验和响应面法优选提取工艺。结果表明,复合酶酶解联合SFE-CO_2萃取工艺提取效率和生物活性最佳,SFE-CO_2萃取的总黄酮对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率达到96.09%,IC50为12.16μg·m L-1。最佳提取工艺为:酶解温度30℃,酶解时间3.5 h,酶用量0.10%,萃取压力30 MPa,乙醇浓度85%,萃取温度45℃,萃取时间60 min。此条件下的总黄酮得率为11.55%。本研究结果为红叶李花中总黄酮的开发与利用提供了技术参考。 相似文献
8.
超声提取-离子色谱法测定土壤中10种水溶性阴离子 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用超声提取–离子色谱法测定了土壤中F~–、CN~–、BrO_3~–、Cl~–、NO_2~–、Br~–、NO_3~–、PO_4~(3–)、SO_4~(2–)、C_2O_4~(2–)等10种水溶性阴离子含量。样品中阴离子用水浸提,提取条件为:固液比1:10,温度30℃,超声振荡时间30 min。提取完成后离心,取上清液通过0.22μm滤膜过滤后测定。在选定的离子色谱测定条件下,10种被测阴离子的检出限为0.009 7～0.31 mg/kg,不同阴离子的加标回收率为84.0%～112%,相对标准偏差(n=7)为0.09%～4.3%。 相似文献
9.
红松种子壳多酚物质的提取及抗氧化特性 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
该文选取超声波辅助提取法,采用单因素试验及响应面设计,研究了超声波提取时间、温度、乙醇浓度及料液比对红松种子壳中多酚类化合物提取的影响。并利用Fenton体系、1,1-二苯基-2-苦苯肼(DPPH·)体系及邻苯三酚体系测定其提取成分的抗氧化活性。结果表明,松壳中多酚成分提取的最佳工艺条件为:超声提取时间2.80h、料液比1∶26.36(g/mL)、乙醇浓度42.86%、提取温度80℃,多酚得率7.96mg/g。在此优化条件下,红松种子壳提取物对羟自由基(甲基紫法)、DPPH·自由基及超氧阴离子均具有较强清除作用,半数抑制浓度分别为6.67×10-4、2.34×10-2、3.97mg/mL。 相似文献
10.
为了提高杏鲍菇多糖得率,推动杏鲍菇产业发展,利用响应面法对杏鲍菇多糖的超声波-内部沸腾法提取工艺进行优化,建立了乙醇浓度、液料比、提取时间、提取温度和超声波功率的五因素回归模型,并对模型的有效性与因子间的交互作用进行分析。结果表明,杏鲍菇多糖提取最佳工艺条件为:乙醇浓度47%、液料比23 m L·g-1、提取时间8min、提取温度90℃、超声波功率475W,在此条件下杏鲍菇多糖得率可达11.05%。该方法能有效提高杏鲍菇多糖得率、缩短提取时间、提高提取效率,为进一步开发杏鲍菇多糖功能营养食品提供了一定的技术依据。 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
15.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
17.
Electron donor and pH relationships for biologically enhanced dissolution of chlorinated solvent DNAPL in groundwater 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Biologically enhanced dissolution offers a method to speed removal of chlorinated solvent dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) sources such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichoroethene (TCE) from aquifers. Bioremediation is accomplished by adding an electron donor to the source zone where fermentation to intermediates leading to acetic acid and hydrogen results. The hydrogen and possibly acetic acid are used by dehalogenating bacteria to convert PCE and TCE to ethene and hydrochloric acid. Reductive dehalogenation is thus an acid forming process, and sufficient alkalinity must be present to maintain a near neutral pH. The bicarbonate alkalinity required to maintain pH above 6.5 is a function of the electron donor: 800 mg/L of bicarbonate alkalinity is sufficient to achieve about 1.2 mM TCE dechlorination with glucose, 1.7 mM with lactate, and a much higher 3.3 mM with formate. Laboratory studies indicate that in mixed culture, formate can be used as an electron donor for complete conversion to ethene, contrary to pure cultures studies indicating it cannot. Various strategies can be used to add electron donor to an aquifer for DNAPL dehalogenation while minimizing pH problems and excessive electron donor usage, including use of injection-extraction wells, dual recirculation wells, and nested injection-extraction wells. 相似文献
18.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
19.
Y. Bashan J. J. Bustillos L. A. Leyva J.-P. Hernandez M. Bacilio 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(4):279-285
Inoculation of wheat seedlings with the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Cd was immobilized in alginate microbeads and, without applying any stress, significantly increased the quantity of several
photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the auxiliary photoprotective pigments violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, antheroxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin, and β-carotene.
This resulted in greener plants with no apparent visible stress. After monitoring the quantity of photosynthetic pigments
for 4 weeks, we observed that inoculated plants had higher quantities of pigments in shoot and stem. The greatest difference
in the quantity of all pigments between inoculated and noninoculated plants occurred in the first week of growth. Regardless
of treatment, the quantity of pigments in stems was three to four times less than the quantity of these pigments in shoots.
Application of Azospirillum, either as liquid inoculant or as alginate microbeads, did not alter the positive effect of the bacteria on pigment production
or the positive response of the plants towards A. brasilense Cd inoculation. 相似文献
20.
Three slow-growing legume trees used for desert reforestation and urban gardening in the Sonoran Desert of Northwestern Mexico
and the Southwestern USA were evaluated whether their growth can be promoted by inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria
(Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus pumilus), unidentified arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (mainly Glomus sp.), and supplementation with common compost under regular screenhouse cultivation common to these trees in nurseries. Mesquite
amargo (Prosopis articulata) and yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla) had different positive responses to several of the parameters tested while blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida) did not respond. Survival of all tree species was over 80% and survival of mesquite was almost 100% after 10 months of cultivation.
Inoculation with growth-promoting microorganisms induced significant effects on the leaf gas exchange of these trees, measured
as transpiration and diffusive resistance, when these trees were cultivated without water restrictions. 相似文献