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1.
为探明连续马铃薯、玉米单作及间作种植对土壤细菌群落组成的影响,利用IonS5~(TM)XL高通量测序平台,分析了单作玉米(M)、单作马铃薯(P)、马铃薯||玉米间作(PM)下,土壤细菌群落组成以及多样性间的差异。结果表明:与单作相比,马铃薯||玉米间作土壤有机质含量显著升高(P0.05),但土壤全氮、碱解氮、全磷、速效钾、土壤pH等没有显著变化。所获得的56 787个土壤细菌可操作分类单元(OTUs)共分为46门、55纲、114目、208科、455属。土壤变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)细菌占总相对丰度的57.68%～65.11%,为优势菌门;间作对土壤细菌群落多样性(香农指数、辛普森指数)、丰富度(ACE指数和Chao1指数)无显著影响,但改变了基于门、属水平上的细菌群落组成。与单作马铃薯相比,间作显著降低了土壤变形菌门(Proteobacteria)相对丰度(P=0.023),提高了浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)的相对丰度(P=0.043)。在属水平上,相对丰度较低的芽单胞菌属(Gemmatimonas)、Candidatus Solibacter属更易受到种植方式的影响;间作提高了节杆菌属(Arthrobacter)、芽球菌属(Blastococcus)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)的相对丰度。随细菌群落结构变化,细菌群落功能上出现差异,通过KEGG功能预测共得到7个一级功能层, 35个二级功能层,表现出功能上的丰富性,土壤细菌群落在代谢、遗传信息处理和细胞过程方面功能活跃。7个一级功能层中的代谢功能组在马铃薯||玉米间作与马铃薯单作间有显著差异。利用前向选择,经蒙特卡罗检验表明,连续马铃薯、玉米单作及间作栽培5年后的土壤各理化性状指标与土壤细菌群落组成、多样性间的相关性均不显著。连续马铃薯||玉米间作及单作5年条件下土壤细菌群落组成的变化是由马铃薯||玉米间作作物种间互利和竞争关系而驱动的。 相似文献
2.
小麦秸杆好氧堆肥过程中微生物多样性与优势菌群分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为明确小麦秸秆好氧堆肥各典型发酵阶段中的优势功能菌群,该研究通过16s rDNA高通量测序技术对堆肥过程中微生物多样性进行了分析。结果表明,堆肥过程中各典型发酵阶段中微生物的多样性存在显著差异,各阶段中的优势功能菌群各有不同。在升温期微生物种类主要以片球菌属(Pediococcus)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)和魏斯氏菌属(Weissella)为主,相对丰度分别占细菌和真菌的68.68%、59.17%和12.21%;嗜热霉菌属(Thermomyces)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和根毛霉属(Rhizomucor)在高温期占据优势地位,相对丰度分别占细菌和真菌的45.21%、29.87%和19.79%;降温期优势菌群演变为嗜热霉菌属、绿屈挠菌科(Chloroflexaceae)和嗜热链球菌属(Mycothermus),相对丰度分别占细菌和真菌的79.84%、16.92%和7.97%。堆肥过程中微生物菌群的代谢功能通路丰富,对糖类、油脂和木质纤维素等相关的代谢功能突出。该研究结果可为研制高效降解小麦秸秆的微生物菌剂提供依据,为解决受控生态生保系统中小麦秸秆等固体废物的资源化处理提供参考。 相似文献
3.
土壤微生物是反映土壤环境质量的重要指标,为明确赤水河流域典型植被类型土壤微生物群落特征及优势菌属,为生态系统的恢复与管理提供理论依据,采用高通量测序技术研究了赤水河流域的5种典型植被类型(灌丛、针阔混交林、常绿阔叶林、杉木林和竹林)土壤的微生物群落结构及多样性,并探讨了其主要影响因子。结果表明:(1)不同植被类型的细菌和真菌丰富度Chao1指数差异均不显著,说明二者所观测到的物种总数没有差异。Shannon指数显示各植被类型微生物多样性存在一定差异,细菌多样性以竹林最低,显著性低于灌丛和针阔混交林(p<0.05); 真菌多样性以灌丛和杉木林显著性高于其他3种植被类型(p<0.05)。(2)5种植被类型土壤细菌优势门(相对丰度>10%)主要有变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)。其中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)在灌丛、针阔混交林和常绿阔叶林中占绝对优势(相对丰度为29.70%～33.62%),而放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)则在杉木林和竹林中最为丰富,相对丰度占比分别为32.88%,29.88%。各植被类型土壤真菌门以子囊菌门(Ascomycota)为绝对优势菌群(相对丰度>49%)。(3)5种植被类型土壤细菌和真菌中优势菌属差异较大。在细菌属水平上,针阔混交林和竹林分别以未定名的Vicinamibacterales和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)为优势,而其他3种植被类型则以节杆菌属(Arthrobacter)最丰富。在真菌属水平上,灌丛和常绿阔叶林中优势关键属为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)未分类真菌属(unclassified_p_Ascomycota),杉木林以被孢霉属(Mortierella)最丰富,而针阔混交林和竹林中均以沙蜥属(Saitozyma)相对丰度最高。(4)NMDS分析表明,土壤细菌与真菌群落空间分布差异显著。(5)冗余分析表明,土壤含水量、pH值和TN(总氮)对土壤细菌群落结构具有显著性的影响,而pH值、容重、TOC(总有机碳)、TN和TP(总磷)对真菌群落结构影响显著。综合分析可知,针阔混交林土壤细菌群落较丰富,杉木林土壤真菌生长较旺盛,而灌丛土壤细菌和真菌多样性均较高,应采取有效措施提高主要林分土壤养分,从而激发微生物的生长,改善土壤环境。 相似文献
4.
黄河三角洲刺槐根际与非根际细菌结构及多样性 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为精确分析黄河三角洲刺槐根际与非根际土壤细菌群落定殖情况,本研究采用高通量测序方法对刺槐根际与非根际土壤细菌结构及多样性进行了研究。研究表明,根际土壤细菌共有36门214属,非根际土壤细菌共有33门153属。变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)细菌丰度超过15%,是根际与非根际土壤中的优势菌落。根际与非根际土壤中酸杆菌门、硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae)丰度差异显著。根际土壤中红游动菌属(Rhodoplanes)、溶杆菌属(Lysobacter)、热单胞菌属(Thermomonas)、链霉菌属(Streptomyces)及非根际土壤中红游动菌属、溶杆菌属、链霉菌属、Kaistobacter细菌丰度超过4%。根际土壤中固氮菌丰度显著高于非根际土壤,解磷、解钾细菌丰度差异不显著。根际与非根际土壤细菌Chao丰富度分别为2 054、2 376,差异显著。根际与非根际土壤细菌之间的权重(Weighted Unifrac)距离在0.12~0.25之间。综上所述,黄河三角洲刺槐根际与非根际土壤细菌结构具有一定差异,多样性差异显著。 相似文献
5.
《农业工程学报》2018,(Z1)
该研究以短、长期养猪发酵床垫料为对象,采用16Sr RNA基因高通量测序技术研究垫料微生物的群落组成,分析细菌群落结构与垫料碳氮组成的相关性。结果表明:微生物发酵床优势菌为拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、变形菌门和放线菌门。漠河杆菌属和梭菌属是垫料中相对丰度最高的物种。细菌群落多样性和主成分分(principal component analysis)析的结果表明:养殖时间一定程度上影响了发酵床垫料的微生物群落多样性和组成,但差异不显著。随着养殖时间的延长,在门水平上,放线菌门、绿弯菌门的细菌相对丰度显著增加,由21.3%、1.64%分别提高到28.4%和4.34%;在属水平上,甲基暖菌属、甲基杆菌属、马杜拉放线菌属、分枝杆菌属、红球菌属、副球菌属等11个物种相对丰度显著增加,甲基暖菌属、马杜拉放线菌属的相对丰度由0.405%、0.570%分别提高到2.862%、2.190%;假单孢菌属、嗜冷杆菌属、鞘氨醇杆菌属、黄杆菌属等7个物种显著降低,假单孢菌属、嗜冷杆菌属的相对丰度由2.51%、2.13%分别下降到0.93%、0.18%。硝态氮的含量显著增加,有机质、纤维素和木质素的含量显著降低。Mantel test分析的结果表明:垫料细菌群落与纤维素含量显著正相关(r=0.333,P=0.042)。Spearman相关性分析表明不动细菌属、假单胞菌属与纤维素、半纤维素和木质素含量显著正相关,Gelidibacter、嗜冷杆菌属与纤维素含量显著正相关。垫料纤维素是影响微生物发酵床细菌群落的重要因素。该研究可为发酵床初期选择垫料及不同垫料的合理配比,提高粪便原位转化效率提供参考。 相似文献
6.
为研究间作刺槐对魔芋根际细菌群落结构的影响及其与软腐病的关系,以深入理解特定作物间作模式下的根际微生态特征。本试验设置塑料膜全隔（单作）、尼龙网网隔（半间作）和无隔（间作）3种刺槐‖魔芋根系分隔处理,采用高通量测序和荧光实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术分析不同处理魔芋根系和根际土壤细菌多样性、群落组成和土壤氮循环相关基因表达丰度。结果表明,魔芋根系和根际土壤细菌α多样性指数均随着根系互作加强而明显提高。无隔处理根际细菌群落β多样性与全隔处理有明显差异。戴沃斯菌属（Devosia）、极地所菌属（Pricia）、藤黄单胞菌属（Luteimonas）、链霉菌属（Streptomyces）及溶杆菌属（Lysobacter）相对丰度值在所有处理根系和土壤中均较大;原小单孢菌属（Promicromonospora）相对丰度在网隔处理土壤中最高;链霉菌属、根瘤菌属（Rhizobium）和溶杆菌属相对丰度在网隔和无隔魔芋根系和土壤中较大。与全隔相比,无隔处理显著提高了土壤氮循环相关固氮酶基因（nifH）、亚硝酸还原酶基因（nirS）、氧化亚氮还原酶基因（nosZ）和氨单加氧酶基因（AOA amoA... 相似文献
7.
不同质地土壤细菌多样性对玉米秸秆还田配施腐熟剂的响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《土壤通报》2019,(6):1352-1360
为因地制宜鉴选适宜的秸秆腐熟剂,在西辽河平原灌区选择秸秆还田的中壤土和砂壤土连作玉米地,分别配施中农绿康腐熟剂、人元腐熟剂和农富康腐熟剂,以秸秆还田不施腐熟剂为对照,在玉米吐丝期取0～15 cm、15～30 cm、30～45 cm土层样品,采用高通量测序技术,研究不同质地土壤秸秆还田配施腐熟剂下土壤细菌群落结构多样性。结果表明,中壤土和砂壤土秸秆还田配施腐熟剂后均增加了0～45 cm土层细菌特有OTU数。其中,中壤土、砂壤土配施农富康腐熟剂以及中壤土配施人元腐熟剂和砂壤土配施中农绿康腐熟剂效果更为明显。土壤优势菌种均由α-变形菌(Alphaproteobacteria)转变为δ-变形菌(Deltaproteobacteria)纲,均增加β-变形菌纲相对丰度。中壤土配施农富康腐熟剂使0～15 cm土层芽单胞菌(Gemmatimonadetes)、Subgroup_6和亚硝化单胞菌(Nitrosomonadaceae)相对丰度减少,但增加了鞘氨醇单胞菌丰度;而在砂壤土0～15 cm中增加了Nitrosomonadaceae相对丰度。中壤土施用中农绿康和农富康腐熟剂土壤细菌多样性差异显著;中壤土和砂壤土配施中农绿康腐熟剂细菌多样性差异显著;砂壤土配施中农绿康和人元腐熟剂土壤细菌多样性差异显著;砂壤土配施中农绿康腐熟剂显著改变土壤细菌多样性。对各组土壤细菌多样性差异发挥显著性作用细菌有Alphaproteobacteria,Subgroup_6,鞘氨醇单胞菌(Sphingomonas),蓝细菌(Cyanobacteria),c-chloroplast,Gemmatimonadetes,酸杆菌(Acidobacteria)和Blastocatellia。中壤土秸秆还田表层和深层土壤细菌群落功能基因在代谢途径上存在差异;表层土壤常规营养物质代谢活性与微量物质代谢活性均要强于深层。中壤土配施三种腐熟剂的表层土壤功能基因丰度不同;砂壤土秸秆还田配施腐熟剂改变15～30 cm土层细菌功能,显著提高代谢途径基因数量,尤以中农绿康腐熟剂较为明显。不同质地土壤细菌多样性对玉米秸秆还田配施腐熟剂存在较大的差异,秸秆腐熟剂配施应因地制宜。 相似文献
8.
化学氮肥与绿肥对麦田土壤细菌多样性和功能的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
基于渭北旱塬8年田间定位试验,利用高通量测序技术研究了化学氮肥和绿肥施用对麦田土壤细菌丰度、多样性及其功能的影响。结果表明:与对照(CK)相比,化学氮肥施用处理(FP)显著增加了土壤有机碳含量(8.0%),氮肥+绿肥施用处理(FGM)显著增加了土壤有机碳(20.0%)、微生物生物量碳(62.0%)、微生物生物量氮(35.9%)、可溶性有机碳(7.27%)和有机氮(56.3%)含量。不同处理麦田土壤细菌OTU(基本分类单元)数平均为3792,丰度和多样性指数在各处理间均无显著性差异。优势菌群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)等,各处理之间无显著性差异。但在属水平上,与CK相比,FP处理显著降低了Pseudoduganella、Steroidobacter、Adhaeribacter、Nordella、Ralstonia等细菌属的相对丰度,FGM处理则显著提高了Steroidobacter、Chryseolinea、Lentzea、Chitinophaga和降低了Lactobacillus细菌属的丰度。FAPROTAX细菌功能分组主要以化能异养、硝化作用、氨氧化、亚硝酸盐氧化作用、硝酸盐还原作用等为主,Tax4Fun功能分组主要以碳水化合物代谢、氨基酸代谢、膜转运、信号传导和能量代谢等为主,各处理之间无显著性差异。因此,化学氮肥和绿肥施用对该区域旱地麦田土壤的细菌多样性、群落组成和功能影响相对较小,但可在一定程度上提高土壤肥力。 相似文献
9.
为比较年龄对牦牛瘤胃细菌区系多样性的影响,以新疆巴州1岁幼年牦牛和4岁成年牦牛的瘤胃微生物总DNA为研究材料,利用16S rRNA基因序列分析技术对牦牛瘤胃细菌区系的操作归类单元(OTU)聚类、门和属水平上的物种丰度、Alpha多样性进行比较分析。结果表明,在门水平上,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)相对丰度为66.96%~70.31%,拟杆菌门(Bacteroides)相对丰度为21.87%~24.11%,其他菌类所占比例极少。在属水平上,普雷沃菌属(Prevotella)在幼年牦牛瘤胃内相对丰度(4.69%)高于成年牦牛(2.68%);瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)在幼年牦牛瘤胃内相对丰度(4.69%)比在成年牦牛瘤胃内(1.79%)高。幼年和成年牦牛的Chao1指数分别为783.50和544.00,Shannon指数分别为4.68和4.52。综上可知,在同一草地放牧饲养条件下,1岁和4岁巴州牦牛瘤胃细菌区系组成存在明显差异,幼年牦牛瘤胃消化吸收的功能正在转化建立的过程中,所以Chao1指数和Shannon指数高于成年牦牛,且瘤胃细菌物种丰度和多样性更高。本研究结果为该地区牦牛瘤胃微生物稳态及其营养调控研究提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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宏基因组学探究原料乳冷藏过程菌群变化规律 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为探究原料乳4 ℃冷藏期间细菌群落的变化规律,使用Illumina Hiseq测序平台,对原料乳冷藏期间微生物变化及功能注释进行宏基因组学分析。随着冷藏时间的延长,原料乳中的微生物在数量和种群构成上均发生了显著改变。冷藏72 h期间,优势菌群由不动杆菌属、链球菌属、无浆体属和梭菌属向黄杆菌属、假单胞菌属和乳球菌属逐渐演替。功能注释结果显示：复制重组修复、翻译/核糖体结构与生物发生、细胞壁/膜的生物发生、脂质代谢在冷藏前期相对丰度较高。氨基酸、碳水化合物的转运与代谢在冷藏后期相对丰度较高。其中脂质代谢与不动杆菌属显著相关（P<0.001）,氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢与假单胞菌属显著相关（P<0.01）。表明冷藏原料乳中不动杆菌属及假单胞菌属对乳成分影响较大。通过控制冷藏原料乳有害微生物繁殖,能够维持乳成分稳定。该研究结果可为生鲜乳保藏、液态乳灭菌控制、奶酪加工等提供理论依据。 相似文献
11.
施氮对半湿润农田夏玉米冠层氮素及叶绿素相对值(SPAD值)垂直分布的影响 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
以半湿润地区土垫旱耕人为土为供试土壤,采用田问试验,研究了不同施氮水平下夏玉米(Zea maysL.)拔节期、灌浆期和成熟期3个生育期冠层叶片氮素、叶绿素相对值(SPAt)值)的垂直分布规律及其差异;同时对各层叶片含氮量、SPAR值与施氮量进行相关分析.结果表明,在各生育期不同叶层叶片含氮量按上、中、下层顺序呈明显递减规律,从全生育期不同施氮处理看,上层比中层增加6.64%,中层比下层增加5.18%.随施氮量增加,中上层叶片含氮量差异增大,中下层叶片含氮量差异减小.冠层内叶片SPAD值垂直分布规律与叶片含氮量分布规律相类似.相关分析表明,全生育期各层叶片SPAD值与叶片含氮量呈极显著线性正相关关系(R=0.503**).进一步分析发现,各层叶片SPAD值,叶片含氮量与施氮量的相关性以上层叶关系最为密切,揭示了夏玉米氮素营养诊断的较好叶片是上层叶位. 相似文献
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氮钾肥配合施用对桑叶产量品质及蚕茧质量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过连续4年田间施肥试验和一季养蚕试验,研究了氮肥和钾肥配合施用对桑叶产量、品质及相应桑叶喂饲家蚕对蚕生长及蚕茧品质的影响。结果表明,桑园施用氮钾肥显著提高桑叶产量,在氮钾肥各养分配比中,以高氮高钾处理(N450K300)的产量最高,比N0K0处理年均增产35.2%,与其他各处理产量差异显著。桑叶品质分析结果表明,桑叶中必需氨基酸、氨基酸总量、粗蛋白、油脂含量随氮肥用量增加而提高,但单施氮肥会对蛋氨酸和油脂含量产生负面影响;施钾导致糖分含量下降,其他品质参数值随钾肥施用而提高,氮钾肥配合施用具有提高桑叶品质的作用。养蚕结果表明,桑园增施氮钾肥生产出的桑叶,有助于降低蚕茧的死笼率、具有提高全茧量和茧层率及提高蚕茧产量的作用。蚕茧上茧率、茧丝长、解舒率和茧丝净度随着钾肥用量的增加而提高,在施钾基础上增加氮肥用量有提高蚕茧品质的作用,但不施钾只施氮肥对上茧率有负面影响,说明氮钾肥配合施用能促进蚕茧质量的提高。 相似文献
14.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(5-6):631-643
Abstract Individual linear relationships were established between total chlorophyll and SPAD readings, while a unique linear relationship was determined between chlorophyll a and SPAD readings for three green bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Greening of young expanding leaves at the top of the canopy of all cultivars was associated with low transmittance and reflectance in the PAR region. However, transmittance and reflectance responses of young leaves were different between cultivars. Leaf senescence was associated with an increase in transmittance in the PAR region, but no changes were obtained in the Near‐InfraRed region (NIR). Top young leaves and middle canopy fully expanded leaves of the three green bean cultivars presented a similar transmittance in the Visible and NIR regions. Although the correlations between reflectance and SPAD values of young expanding leaves and that for the inverse‐log reflectance were relatively weaker than that obtained for transmittance either for the same leaf age or different leaf ages, the results suggest that the SPAD meter may be used to provide a rapid estimate of leaf transmittance and reflectance in the field. 相似文献
15.
With the occurrence of soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) now a seasonal problem in the United States, increased research is needed to ascertain the potential transmission of this disease among soybean (Glycine max L.) in major growing regions throughout the nation. The fungal disease spores are deposited on leaves in the lower region of the canopy through rain events or wind transport from nearby plants during the growing season and must then have moist conditions on the lower trifoliolates for several hours in order to infect the plant. These moist conditions can be achieved through any form of wetness. This wetness was measured in a soybean canopy at West Lafayette, IN, during the summer of 2007 using resistance-grid wetness sensors located at three heights representative of the top, mid-level, and lowest trifoliate of the canopy. Temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and precipitation measurements were used to determine the cause of wetness. Over the course of the experiment, wetness events were classified as dew, rain, or neither. The dew events were then compared to rain events with an emphasis on differences in vertical and horizontal duration of wetness. Dew events were found to be the dominant wetness source in the upper canopy. Rain events were the most dominant cause of wetness in the lower canopy. Upper canopy wetness events had the longest duration. Horizontal variation in wetness and wetness duration was large. 相似文献
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Batoul Samedani Abdul Shukor Juraimi Md. Parvez Anwar Mohd Yusop Rafii Sheikh Abdullah Sheikh Awadz Abudul Rahim Anuar 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(7):571-582
Abstract Asystasia gangetica and Pennisetum polystachion are the most troublesome weeds in oil palm plantations in Malaysia and establishment of cover crops under oil palms is an integral part of sustainable weed management in plantations. Replacement-series experiments were conducted to evaluate the mode and strength of competitiveness of four legume cover crop species, Calopogonium caeruleum, Centrosema pubescens, Mucuna bracteata and Pueraria javanica, and one soft grass species, Axonopus compressus, against Asystasia gangetica and Pennisetum polystachion. Relative yield, relative yield total and relative crowding coefficient were calculated with reference to shoot biomass. Asystasia gangetica was a consistently weaker competitor than Pennisetum polystachion. The legume cover crop species had higher relative yield when grown in mixtures, whereas the yield of Asystasia gangetica was lower in mixtures with legumes than in monoculture. The higher competitiveness of legumes was due to greater canopy height and leaf area index. Centrosema pubescens was a slightly weaker competitor than the other legumes. Although leaf area per plant of Centrosema pubescens did not differ from that of other three legumes, canopy height and blocking photosynthetically active radiation to the soil surface were lower. When grown with a cover crop for 12 weeks, dry weight per plant, leaf area and shoot number of Pennisetum polystachion increased as its proportion decreased in mixtures. Relative yield data indicated that Pennisetum polystachion is a strong competitor. Axonopus compressus was less susceptible to Pennisetum polystachion interference than the legumes. All cover crop species studied proved highly competitive against Asystasia gangetica, but none could compete against Pennisetum polystachion. The study confirms the feasibility of using a cover crop for management of Asystasia gangetica. 相似文献
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Surface (0–15 cm) and subsurface (30–45 cm) soil samples from under canopy, edge of canopy and away from canopy of isolated Cordia africana Lam. and Croton macrostachyus Del. trees and their leaves were examined to investigate leaf nutrient content, root biomass and the contribution of trees on farms to soil fertility parameters in Badessa area, eastern Ethiopia. Leaves of C. macrostachyus had 20% higher P and 25% lower K contents than those of C. africana. The studied species had comparable leaf N content. Both species produced shallow lateral roots that extended beyond the canopy zone. Typically, higher fine root biomass was observed in the surface soils than the subsurface soils. Both species did not affect soil organic C, pH and cation exchange capacity. Surface and subsurface soils under tree canopies had 22–26 and 12–17% higher N, respectively, than the corresponding soils away from tree canopies. Surface soil available P under tree canopies was 34–50% higher than the corresponding soil away from canopies. Available P content of subsurface soil was improved only under C. africana canopy. The available P of surface soil under C. macrostachyus canopy was more than double that for C. africana. Trees of both species increased underneath surface and subsurface exchangeable K by 18–46% compared with the corresponding controls. In conclusion, C. macrostachyus and C. africana trees on farms keep soil nutrient high via protection against leaching, translocation of nutrients from deeper to the surface layer and accumulation of litter, which create a temporary nutrient pool in the surface soils under their canopies. 相似文献
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ZHAO Yan-Wen HU Zheng-Yi CAO Zhi-Hong J. D. BEATON A. M. HENDERSON M. X. FAN XU Cheng-Kai 《土壤圈》2005,15(3):281-285
Cocoon samples were collected from fifty-two mulberry gardens with high, intermediate, and low silkworm cocoon productivities in the lower-middle reaches of the Yangtze River in the six China’s provinces of Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Anhui, Fujian, Hunan, and Hubei to determine the transformation efficiency of S from mulberry leaves to silkworm cocoons, and to evaluate the sulfur cycle (uptake and output) in the mulberry leaf-silkworm cocoon system with typical mulberry gardens in the lower-middle reaches of the Yangtze River in China. The transformation efficiency of sulfur (TES) from mulberry leaves into silkworm cocoons in the high-productivity mulberry gardens was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that in the low-productivity gardens. For the high-productivity mulberry gardens the TES from mulberry leaves into the cocoon shell was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that for low-yield mulberry gardens. Producing 1 kg dry cocoon in mulberry gardens required uptake of about 20 g S, however 1 kg of dry cocoon only removed about 4 g S. Therefore, recycling of these organic wastes with silkworm cultivation was important for sulfur balances. 相似文献
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The silk industry is important for south China's rural economy. Leaves of mulberry (Morus spp.) are used for silkworm production. Hubei province is one of the main silk‐producing provinces in China. The objectives of this research were to survey the fertilization practices in the mulberry‐producing regions in the province and to determine the best nutrition‐management practice for mulberry plantations. A survey and a series of field experiments with N, P, K, and micronutrients were conducted from 2001 to 2002. In addition, a silkworm‐growth experiment was also conducted by feeding leaves harvested from various fertilization treatments. The results indicate that poor soil fertility and unbalanced fertilization were the main factors limiting mulberry‐leaf yield and quality in Hubei province. Nitrogen fertilization of mulberry has reached a high level (454 kg ha–1 y–1) in Hubei province, but P‐ and K‐fertilization rates have not been matched with N‐fertilization rates as farmers are not aware of the significance of P and K. Balanced fertilization showed positive nutrient interactions with respect to mulberry yield and quality. Potassium application increased yield and quality (protein and sugar concentration) of mulberry leaves. Silkworm growth and cocoon quality were improved when silkworms were fed with the leaves derived from K‐fertilized plants in comparison with those taken from control plots. Application of Mg, S, and B also significantly improved leaf sugar, essential and total amino acid concentrations, but did not increase leaf yield significantly. It is concluded that a fertilizer dose of 375 kg N ha–1, 66 kg P ha–1, and 125 kg K ha–1 is suitable for the cultivation of mulberry in the Hubei province along with Mg, S, and B, wherever necessary, for the improvement of yield and quality of mulberry leaves. 相似文献