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1.
籼稻不同基因型钾素吸收利用效率的调控 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本试验研究了三叶期稻株不同钾素营养状态,IAA(indole-3-acetic.acid),REM(metal.mixture.including.rare.earth)和NaVO3对水稻基因型吸钾速率的调控作用。以1mol/L.K+处理15分钟后,NaVO3则极显著地抑制水稻对钾的吸收。REM和NaVO3的作用可以相互抵消。REM还可极显著地提高水稻的生物产量和钾素利用效率。说明水稻对钾的吸收可进行正向或反向调控。 相似文献
2.
通过盆栽试验研究了5种钾肥[粉碎性钾矿粉(K1)、全部枸溶性钾肥(K2)、含25%水溶性钾的枸溶性钾肥(K3)、含50%水溶性钾的枸溶性钾肥(K4)和硫酸钾(K5),施钾量均为K2O 150 mg/kg]及其施用量(0.5K2、K2、1.5K2和2K2,施钾量分别为K2O 75、150、225和300 mg/kg)和配施(0.5K2+0.5K5)对水稻产量、钾素吸收量以及土壤速效钾含量的影响。研究结果表明,与不施钾相比,施钾肥处理(除K1外)均显著提高水稻产量、钾素吸收量以及土壤速效钾含量。在相同施钾量下,随着肥料水溶性钾比例的增加,水稻产量、钾素吸收量以及土壤速效钾含量表现为先上升后下降的趋势,其中水稻产量、钾素吸收量以及土壤速效钾含量以K4(分别为240.90 g/盆、2.60 g/盆、75.4 mg/kg)和K3(分别为234.86 g/盆、2.24 g/盆、73.9 mg/kg)处理最高。与水溶性钾肥(K5)处理相比,K4和K3处理均显著提高了水稻产量、钾素吸收量和土壤速效钾含量,分别提高了9.35%和6.61%、40.43%和21.26%、22.01%和19.58%(P0.05)。水稻产量、钾素吸收量及土壤速效钾含量随同一种枸溶性钾肥(K2)施用量的增加而增加,以2K2最高。综合结果表明,在相同施钾量下,含25%~50%水溶性钾的枸溶性钾肥(K4和K3)对水稻的增产效果最佳,而全部枸溶性钾肥在2倍施钾量下可获得相同增产效果。 相似文献
3.
施氮和不同品种水稻对紫色水稻土钾素形态的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
通过盆栽试验研究了施氮水平和不同品种水稻对四川盆地 3种典型紫色水稻土 5种钾形态的影响以及各种土壤钾形态对水稻钾素营养的贡献。结果表明 ,4个紫色水稻土供钾能力均属中下水平 ,全钾含量为 1.29%～2.62% ,其中矿物钾量平均占 96.82% ,速效钾和非交换性钾仅平均占 0.62%和 2.56% ,土壤供钾能力以中性紫色水稻土 石灰性紫色水稻土 酸性紫色水稻土。施氮 (N 0～ 150mg/kg)促进 4个紫色水稻土钾素的释放 ,提高水稻对非交换性钾和矿物钾的吸收利用 ,使矿物钾和非交换性钾的贡献占植株吸钾的 80.3% ,速效钾仅为 19.7%。中性紫色土供试 4个品种水稻的吸钾能力为开优 5号 汕优 63Ⅱ优 6078引佳 1号。施氮后4个品种水稻吸自非交换性钾和矿物钾量平均占植物吸钾量的 66.9% ,以施中氮 (N 150mg/kg)时植株吸钾量最高 ;而低氮或高氮水平都不利于植物对钾的吸收和土壤钾的释放 相似文献
4.
不同基因型水稻钾素吸收利用对施钾量的生理响应 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以常规粳稻武运梗7号、武香粳14号和杂交粳稻86优8号、泗优422为材料,研究了施钾量对不同基因型水稻钾素累积、分配和利用的影响.结果表明,施钾提高了水稻产量和经济系数,以12 kg/667 m2K2O处理最高;施钾提高了水稻群体吸钾量及拔节期到成熟期吸钾比例;施钾使植株钾素快速累积的平均速率和最大速率增大.但起止时间和持续时间缩短;施钾提高了水稻抽穗期和成熟期叶片、茎鞘和穗的钾素分配量及茎鞘分配比例,但降低了叶片分配比例,并以茎鞘分配量差异最大;随施钾量增加,水稻钾素回收效率、利用指数和植株钾生产效率降低.钾素农学效率、生理效率和生理指数则先升后降,以钾素生理指数、生理效率与产量的相关性较高.常规粳稻的产量、拔节期到成熟期吸钾比例、钾素快速累积的起止时间和持续时间及钾素生理效率、生理指数、植株钾生产效率高于杂交粳稻,但群体吸钾量、移栽到拔节期吸钾比例、钾素快速累积的最大速率和平均速率、茎鞘钾素分配量及比例、钾素回收效率低于杂交粳稻. 相似文献
5.
【目的】水稻生产对钾素的需求量大,研究稻草和紫云英协同还田条件下不同施肥处理对水稻产量和土壤钾素形态变化的影响,旨在保障我国南方水稻的高产和土壤钾素高效利用。【方法】不同轮作模式钾肥定位试验位于中国农业科学院红壤实验站内(始于2016年)。试验处理包括不施肥和冬闲(CK)、氮磷钾肥和冬闲(F)、氮磷钾肥和冬种紫云英(CM)、氮磷钾肥配合稻草还田和冬种紫云英(RCM)、氮磷减钾50%配合稻草还田和冬种紫云英(50%KRCM)。在试验第3年(2019年)于水稻收获后调查分析水稻产量和钾素含量,以及耕层土壤中速效钾和缓效钾含量,计算水稻钾素吸收量、钾素生理效率和钾素表观平衡,并进一步探讨水稻产量和钾素各指标之间的相关性。【结果】与CK处理相比,紫云英轮作显著提高水稻年产量,增幅以RCM、50%KRCM较高,分别为59.4%和59.7%。两者协同还田和紫云英单独还田均可显著提高有效穗数,相比化肥冬闲处理(F),增幅为53.1%～63.3%,在稻草和紫云英协同还田下,减钾对水稻产量构成因素的影响不明显。和F处理相比,RCM、50%KRCM处理显著提高了土壤速效钾和缓效钾含量,增幅分别为87.6%... 相似文献
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7.
不同钾素水平对水稻不同部位含钾量的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过盆栽试验研究了不同供钾水平下水稻各叶位的含钾量变化.结果表明,水稻含钾量随生育期的推进逐渐下降,下降幅度达69％ ～ 75％.水稻含钾量与生育期和土壤供钾水平有关:分蘖期不同叶位的鞘、叶含钾量由上至下大幅下降,鞘与叶的含量钾比值均大于1,且比值随叶片含钾量的增加而上升.拔节期钾素水平由低至高,叶位间鞘、叶含钾量由上至下降低的趋势减弱;鞘与叶含钾量比值为0.26～ 1.49,且随叶片含钾量的增加而增加.齐穗期,低钾水平下,叶位间鞘、叶含钾量由上至下降低,高钾水平则相反;鞘叶含钾量比值为0.36～ 1.33.成熟期,秸秆的含钾量范围为2.8 ～ 22.9 g/kg,随钾素水平增加而增加;籽粒的含钾量约为5.0 g/kg.综合不同时期含钾量变化规律可以看出,水稻分蘖期上部叶是钾素优先积累的部位,而叶鞘更是钾奢侈吸收储存的部位;齐穗期以后,钾奢侈吸收主要是积累到了中下部叶和叶鞘中.由于水稻植株钾含量因不同生育期、不同部位而变化很大,根据植株钾含量来进行营养诊断需要考虑取样时期、取样部位,而鞘、叶钾含量比值可能有较好的指示作用. 相似文献
8.
利用盆栽试验研究了不同供钾水平下冬小麦在拔节期、孕穗期及抽穗期各部位钾素分布特征,并进行了不同部位含钾量与植株钾含量及成熟期吸钾量的相关分析。结果表明,小麦植株钾含量随生育期的进行逐渐降低,随土壤供钾水平的升高而升高。不同时期小麦各部位钾含量变化特征存在差异性。拔节期小麦叶片与叶鞘的含钾量随叶位由上至下逐渐降低,即1叶2叶3叶4叶,2鞘3鞘4鞘,鞘降低幅度随供钾水平的升高而降低;孕穗期中低水平下小麦穗中含钾量最高,叶位间叶、鞘的含钾量呈由上至下逐渐降低的梯度变化,即1叶2叶3叶4叶,1鞘2鞘3鞘4鞘,而高钾水平下穗与各叶位的叶片含钾量无显著差异,2鞘的含钾量偏低;抽穗期中低钾水平小麦叶位间除1叶及1鞘含钾量明显较高,其他叶位间无明显差异。相关分析表明,3个时期植株钾素诊断在拔节期及孕穗期进行较好,1叶、2叶和3叶均可作为这两个时期植株钾素营养的诊断部位,1叶与4叶的含钾量比值可以作为植株钾素营养诊断指标。 相似文献
9.
长期秸秆还田下基于东北水稻高产和钾素平衡的钾肥用量研究 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
10.
水稻秸秆钾与化肥钾释放与分布特征模拟研究 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
通过室内恒温(25℃)培养试验,研究了不同用量水稻秸秆钾和化肥钾在水-土体系中的释放与分布特征。结果显示,施用水稻秸秆钾300 mg/kg处理,表层水溶液pH经历了一个弱酸化到弱碱化的过程,而化肥钾的施用则降低了表层水溶液的pH。稳定态时相关分析表明,pH与水稻秸秆钾用量正相关(R2 = 0.938**),与化肥钾负相关(R2 = 0.993**)。试验开始当天外加300 mg/kg化肥钾处理表层水溶液钾浓度达到最大值,为50.64 mg/L,随后呈下降趋势。5天时土壤缓效钾含量达到最大值414.51 mg/kg,并保持相对稳定,而速效钾钾含量继续升高,25天后变化较小。外加300 mg/kg水稻秸秆钾处理表层水钾浓度在第3天达到最大值,为52.70 mg/L,之后呈下降趋势,但在相同时期时,秸秆钾处理表层水溶液钾含量高于化肥钾处理。不同钾素用量结果表明,施钾量为150 mg/kg时,两种来源钾主要以交换态钾存在,其次是水溶态钾;随着钾素用量的增加,钾离子被土壤固定,且在等量条件下,水稻秸秆钾处理的交换态钾比例高于化肥钾处理,而非交换态钾所占比例则相反。因此,在一定钾素用量范围内,土壤对秸秆钾和化肥钾的固定没有显著差异,而当用量超过阈值时,秸秆的投入会降低土壤对钾素的固定。 相似文献
11.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(16):1975-1985
ABSTRACTSalt-affected soils expand around the world and become a critical handicap for high crop yield. Saline-sodic soil contributed a major portion in salt-affected soils. Such types of soils have a sizable amount of Na+ in nutrient medium and that reduce the K+ uptake in plants. A hydroponic experiment was performed to investigate the ameliorative effect of different doses of potassium fertilizer (K1 = 0.3, K2 = 0.6 and K3 = 1.2 mM L?1) on rice (Oryza sativa L.) under different ECw (6 dS m?1) and SARw [12 and 24 (mmol L?1)1/2] levels. Application of K+ at elevated levels under saline-sodic conditions improved the concentration of anti-oxidant enzymes, plant physiological, and biochemical attributes by improving the K+: Na+ ratio in plant tissues. Total phenolic content, total soluble protein, and soluble sugar content of rice plant were increased with an increase in potassium dose and saline-sodicity. Maximum K+: Na+ ratios, 4.13 and 2.0 were observed in shoot and root, respectively upon application of K+ at 1.2 mM L?1 in a solution having ECw: SARw level of 6: 12. This study suggested that application of potassium at elevated levels (1.2 mM L?1) has enhanced the rice growth by reducing the harmful effect of Na+ salts on plant physiology, biochemical attributes, and anti-oxidant enzymes under specific saline-sodic conditions. 相似文献
12.
Chokri Hafsi Abdelbasset Lakhdhar Mokded Rabhi Ahmed Debez Chedly Abdelly Zeineb Ouerghi 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2007,170(4):469-473
The interactive effects of salinity and potassium (K+) availability on biomass production, water status, and ionic composition were investigated in Hordeum maritimum, an annual grass growing natively on saline soils. Plants were grown for 7 weeks on Hewitt nutrient solution supplied with NaCl (0, 100, 150, 200, and 300 mM) combined with low (0.232 mM) or high (5.8 mM) K+ levels. Independent of potassium availability, dry matter of both roots and shoots decreased consistently with increasing NaCl levels in the culture medium, in association with a significant reduction of the shoot water content. This salt‐induced growth reduction did not result from a restriction of K+ nutrition, since H. maritimum expressed similar growth under both low and high K+ supply. NaCl decreased shoot K+ concentrations. This effect was more pronounced in plants grown at high K+ supply than in plants grown at low K+ supply. This result suggests that the absorption systems were strongly selective for K+, and that this selectivity was enhanced by salt. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(10):1841-1857
Abstract The characteristics of selectivity for K+ over Na+ by the roots of the halophyte Puccinellia tenuiflora were investigated in comparison with the glycophyte wheat (Triticum aestivum). Under various NaCl concentrations, the concentrations of K+ in the shoots of P. tenuiflora were 16–24% lower than those of wheat, whereas the concentrations of K+ in Puccinellia roots were 2.8–4.0 times higher than those of wheat. In 200 mM NaCl, the concentrations of Na+ in shoots of P. tenuiflora and wheat were similar under high K+ levels, but the concentrations of Na+ in wheat were 1.6 times higher than those in Puccinellia under low K+ levels. The concentrations of K+ in roots of P. tenuiflora were 1.5–2.0 times higher than those of wheat under low K+ levels. Formulas are given for calculating net selective absorption (SA) capacity and selective transport (ST) capacity by roots for K+ over Na+. We interpret SA as the net capacity of selectively absorbing K+ over Na+ by epidermal and cortical cells of whole plant roots into the root symplast. ST could reflect the net capacity of selection for K+ over Na+ transport from whole root stelar symplast to the xylem vessels. The lower ST value of P. tenuiflora might be the reason for accumulation of K+ in its roots. The SA values of P. tenuiflora and wheat were approximately equivalent in the low-affinity K+ uptake range. The SA values of the former were about two times higher than that of the latter in the high-affinity K+ uptake range, showing the root high-affinity K+ uptake system of the halophyte P. tenuiflora has a stronger capacity for K+ uptake. 相似文献
14.
Summary Rye-grass (Lolium perenne) is known to be a strong competitor to red clover (Trifolium pratense) for soil K+ under conditions of low K availability in the soil. The objective of this study was to clarify whether this competitive behaviour of the two species can be explained by root morphology. Total K+ uptake ofL. perenne andT. pratense was studied under field conditions in relation to root fresh weight, root density, root cation exchange capacity, root surface and root length. The soil was an Alfisol, Udalf. All root parameters, when calculated per unit soil surface (M2), were higher inL. perenne than inT. pratense. In addition,L. perenne had longer root hairs and a denser root hair system thanT. pratense. The greatest difference in root morphology between species was root length, withL. perenne roots averaging 4–6 times longer than those ofT. pratense.Significant correlations were found between the total K+ uptake and all root parameters examined, with highest correlationsforroot fresh weight (r,0.92***T. pratense; 0.94***L. perenne) and root length (r, 0.91***T. pratense;r, 0.93***L. perenne). Potassium uptake per unit root fresh weight, root surface and root length were all significantly higher forT. pratense than for L. perenne. Differences in the rate of K+ uptake between species were particularly high when expressed per unit root length. Because of its greater root length and surface area,L. perenne can take up more soil K+ thanT. pratense, particularly where there is a low K– supply in the soil. Under such conditionsL. perenne will be a particularly strong competitor toT. pratense. 相似文献
15.
K+高亲和转运系统吸收动力学特征及其受NH4+影响的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨钾的高亲和转运系统是否受到铵离子的影响,采用溶液培养方法研究了水稻、大豆两种作物苗期(16d)的K+高亲和转运系统吸收动力学特征及其受吸收液中NH4+的影响。结果表明,NH4+对K+吸收的Vmax的影响在作物种类间有较大的差异,水稻受影响显著小于大豆。NH4+对供试作物K+吸收的Km值影响均很小,说明NH4+对K+吸收速率的影响主要在于影响了细胞膜上K+载体的数量而非影响了载体吸收位点与K+之间的亲和性。 相似文献
16.
不同氮源与钾水平对杂交组合及常规稻生长和养分吸收的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
采用营养液培养法研究了不同氮源和钾水平对杂交稻及其亲本和常规稻生长、叶绿素含量、养分吸收的影响。结果表明 ,水稻生长、叶绿素的含量及养分吸收与氮源供应密切相关。在供钾充足的条件下 ,杂交稻上位叶的干物质产量以硝态氮营养的最高 ,其次为硝态氮与铵态氮混合营养 ;保持系与杂交稻的趋势一致。杂交稻下位叶和根系干物质积累量受 3种氮源的影响与恢复系相一致 ,即 :硝 +铵混合 硝态氮 铵态氮。硝态氮营养比硝 +铵混合及铵态氮更有效地提高杂交稻功能叶片中的叶绿素含量。杂交稻与其亲本植株地上部全氮含量受 3种氮源的影响为 :硝 +铵混合 硝态氮 铵态氮 ;然而杂交稻地上部的吸氮量受氮源的影响为硝态氮硝 +铵混合 铵态氮 ,与保持系的规律一致。杂交稻地上部钾含量及吸收量在 3种氮源处理间有差异 ,表现为硝态氮 硝 +铵混合 铵态氮 ,保持系的趋势一致 ,但与恢复系不同。研究结果还表明 ,杂交稻对硝态氮的营养特性具有明显杂种优势。 3种氮源对水稻生长、营养吸收的影响程度与钾营养状况及水稻品种有关 ;杂交水稻及其亲本较常规稻受影响更大。在高钾供应时 ,各项指标受到氮源影响的程度都明显高于低钾处理 ,其中以硝态氮为氮源更有利于杂交水稻生理及营养优势特性的发挥。 相似文献
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不同铵钾比对高铵下拟南芥地上部和根系生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
钾在缓解植物铵毒害的过程中起着重要的作用。本文研究了高铵(30 mmol/L)条件下,不同铵钾比(7.5︰1和150︰1)对拟南芥(Col-0)主根、侧根以及地上部生长的影响。结果表明:30 mmol/L NH4+条件下,高铵钾比(150)处理显著加重了拟南芥铵毒害现象,地上部和根系生长所受的抑制作用更为明显并导致更严重的氧化胁迫。相比低铵钾比水平,在高铵处理下,高铵钾比使得拟南芥主根伸长量降低57.4%,侧根数量减少33.3%,而地上部鲜重减轻69.9%。DAB(3,3￠-二氨基联苯胺,3,3￠-diaminobenzidine)叶片染色结果表明,不加铵处理下,外源不同钾水平(0.2和4.0 mmol/L)对拟南芥叶片的氧化胁迫作用没有显著差异;而高铵处理下,相比低铵钾比处理,高铵钾比显著增加了叶片中过氧化氢的含量,加重了其氧化胁迫。伊文思蓝(Evans blue,EB)染色结果表明,不加铵处理下,外源不同钾水平对拟南芥地上部和根部的膜透性没有显著差异,而高铵处理下,高铵钾比显著增强了拟南芥地上部和根部的膜透性,表明其对细胞的伤害程度加重。可见,高铵抑制拟南芥根系和地上部生长,高铵钾比则会加重这种抑制,其原因除了高浓度钾能减少植物对铵的吸收外,可能与高铵钾比条件加剧了植物的氧化胁迫有关。因此,适宜的铵钾比在植物应对铵毒害的过程中发挥重要作用。 相似文献
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Yanshu Hao Jing Lei Qiaolan Wang Lishu Wu 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(1):45-53
As a macroelement to plant, potassium (K) absorption mechanism has been widely studied. However, as for cotton genotypes with different K efficiency, how they related to the absorption patterns under K starvation is not fully understood. In this hydroponic experiment, plants were grown at different K levels: low (K1, 2 mg/L) and adequate K level (K2, 20 mg/L) for 2 weeks. K+ absorption kinetic parameters were got by Michaelis–Menten equation. By applying K channel-blocking agent, tetraethylammonium and protein modifying reagent N-ethylmaleimide, we evaluated the differences in K absorption mechanisms for two typical cotton genotypes (K-efficient genotype 103 and K-inefficient genotype 122). Results showed that higher affinity to K+ and better root formation of genotype 103 resulting in better adaptation in low-K+ condition, whether grown in low or adequate K+ environment. Further study with K+ absorption inhibitors suggested the two genotypes grown in low-K+ environment absorbed K+ mainly by high-affinity K+ absorption systems, and for seedlings grown in adequate K condition, genotype 103 absorbed K+ with both K channels and high-affinity proton and mainly by high-affinity K channels, while genotype 122 absorbed K+ by K channels. These results indicated that the low-K condition could induce higher affinity to absorb K+, and the two cottons with different K efficiency mainly due to different low-K adaptation and absorb K+ with different patterns. This could provide a possible theory for the selection of K-efficient varieties. 相似文献
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K高效和K低效基因型水稻Na和K的吸收和分布与水稻生长及体内K利用率之间的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A pot experiment with two rice (Oriza sativa L.) genotypes differing in internal potassium use efficiency (IKUE) was conducted under different sodium (Na) and potassium (K) levels. Adding NaCl at a proper level enhanced rice vegetative growth and increased grain yield and IKUE under low potassium. Addition of higher rate of NaCl had a negative effect on the growth of the K-efficient rice genotype, but did not for the K-inefficient genotype. Under low-K stress, higher NaCl decreased IKUE of the K-efficient rice genotype but increased IKUE for the K-inefficient genotype. At tillering stage and under low-K stress, adding NaCl increased K and Na contents and decreased the ratio of K/Na for both genotypes. At harvesting stage under low-K stress, adding NaCl increased K and Na contents and K/Na ratio for the K-efficient genotype but decreased the K/Na ratio for the K-inefficient genotype. The accumulated Na was mostly deposited in the roots and sheaths. At tillering stage, the K and Na contents and the K/Na ratios in different parts for both genotypes decreased in the following sequence: K+ in sheaths > K+ in blades > K+ in roots; Na+ in roots > Na+ in sheaths > Na+ in blades; and K/Na in sheaths >> K/Na in roots. The K-efficient genotype had a lower K/Na ratio in roots and sheaths than the K-inefficient genotype under low-K stress. At harvesting stage, K and Na contents in grains were not affected, whereas K/Na ratio in the rice straws was increased for the K-efficient genotype but decreased for the K-inefficient genotype by Na addition. However, this was not the case under K sufficient condition. 相似文献