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1.
Athanasios Balidakis Theodora Matsi Anastasia-Garyfallia Karagianni Ioannis Ipsilantis 《Soil Use and Management》2023,39(4):1403-1421
Sewage sludge treated with 15% bentonite, vermiculite or biochar was evaluated as a soil amendment in comparison to limed and untreated sludge. Seven treatments were established to two soils, an acid and an alkaline, in three replications, i.e. 2% addition of sludge treated with bentonite, vermiculite, biochar and lime and application of 2% untreated sludge, inorganic fertilization and no sludge or inorganic fertilizers (control). Then, the soil treatments were used in a pot experiment with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) as a test plant. Sludge treated with the clay minerals or biochar improved pH of the acid soil and significantly increased organic matter and available nutrients of both soils compared to control. Although no salinity or sodicity hazard was evidenced, the initial salinity of acid and alkaline soil increased by four-eight and two-three times, respectively, upon addition of all sludge treatments, especially that of untreated sludge. Moreover, soil available zinc (Zn) increased by four-eight times. Soil application of sludge treated with the clay minerals or biochar increased the total aboveground biomass yield of ryegrass in the acid and alkaline soil by 133%–171% and 72%–88%, respectively, compared to control and enhanced nutrient uptake by plants. Furthermore the microbial metabolic quotient indicated lack of low pH and heavy metal stress with addition of sludge to the acid soil. After three harvests of ryegrass, the residual effect of sludge on pH of acid soil and salinity, available phosphorus (P), Zn and boron (B) of both soils still persisted. Thus sewage sludge treated with 15% bentonite, vermiculite or biochar could be applied to soils at a rate of 2% (≈80 Mg ha−1) to serve as soil amendment and fertilizer for grasses and pasture species; however, caution is needed regarding possible P build-up, Zn phytotoxicity and salinization risks. 相似文献
2.
废水污泥生物炭对圣女果生长、产量及重金属累积效应的对比评估 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
To investigate the potential effects of wastewater sludge
and sludge biochar on growth, yield and metal
bioaccumulation of cherry tomato ({\it Lycopersicon
esculentum} L.), a pot experiment was carried out under
greenhouse environment with three different treatments,
control soil (CP), soil with wastewater
sludge (SS) and soil with sludge biochar (SB), to reveal the
comparative effect between the amendments of wastewater
sludge and sludge biochar.~The soil used for pot experiment
was Chromosol.~Wastewater sludge and sludge biochar
produced through pyrolysis process at 550 $^\circ$C were
applied at 10 t ha$^{-1}$. No significant difference was
found in growth and production of cherry tomatoes between
wastewater sludge and sludge biochar applications to the
soil. The accumulation rates of metals in the fruits were
lower in the treatment with sludge biochar than in the
treatment with wastewater sludge. The study highlights the
benefits of risk mitigation from toxic metal accumulation
in fruits using wastewater sludge and sludge biochar as
soil conditioners. 相似文献
3.
Cícero Célio de Figueiredo Walda Monteiro Farias Bruno Araújo de Melo Jhon Kenedy Moura Chagas Ailton Teixeira Vale Thais Rodrigues Coser 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2019,65(6):770-781
One of the main advantages of using biochar for agricultural purposes is its ability to store carbon (C) in soil for a long-term. Studies of labile and stable fractions of soil organic matter (SOM) may be a good indicator of the dynamics of biochar in soils. This study evaluated the effects of applying sewage sludge biochar (SSB) in combination with mineral fertilizer on fractions of SOM. To conduct this evaluation, 15 Mg ha?1 of SSB combined or not with mineral fertilizer (NPK) was applied to the soil in two cropping seasons. Apart from total organic C (TOC), the labile and stable fractions of SOM were also determined. The combined use of SSB and NPK resulted in higher TOC, a 22% to 40% increase compared to the control and to the NPK treatments, respectively. The SSB produced at a lower temperature increased the labile fractions of SOM, especially the microbial biomass C, showing its capacity to supply nutrients in the short-term. The stable pools of SOM are increased after adding SSB produced at a higher temperature. It was concluded that pyrolysis temperature is a key-factor that determines the potential of SSB to accumulate C in labile and stable fractions of SOM. 相似文献
4.
[目的]揭示污泥堆肥施用后土壤单位有机碳矿化及温度敏感性(Q10)对于市政污泥资源化利用和土壤碳库稳定性的主控因素,并进而为市政污泥处理及土壤有机碳固持提供理论支撑。[方法]以黄土丘陵区退化草地土壤为研究对象,测定了不同污泥堆肥添加比例(0,2.0%,5.0%,10.0%,15.0%,20.0%)和培养温度(15℃,25℃和35℃)下土壤有机碳矿化速率,探讨了污泥堆肥添加对土壤有机碳矿化特征和Q10的影响。[结果](1)与CK相比,不同污泥堆肥添加在培养初期土壤单位有机碳矿化速率显著增加(p<0.01),之后迅速下降直至趋于稳定;而施用污泥处理组的土壤单位累积矿化量是CK的1.6～4.2倍,在施用比例达到10.0%～20.0%时其有机碳矿化速率与累积矿化量均差异不显著。(2)运用一级动力学方程,拟合不同温度不同污泥添加土壤单位有机碳矿化动态均达到较好效果(R2>0.95),潜在矿化势(C0)值在6.92～39.60 mg C/g差异显著(p<0.05),土壤有机碳矿化速率常数(k)... 相似文献
5.
不同有机物施用对油菜-红薯轮作模式下养分吸收利用的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
探讨不同有机物施用对土壤肥力与作物养分吸收利用的影响,以达到农田培肥和提升作物养分利用效率的目的。2015年在江西省红壤研究所布置田间施肥试验,设置不施肥(CK)、常量化肥(CF)、减量化肥(RF)、全量化肥配施秸秆(CFR)、减量化肥配施秸秆(RFR)、全量化肥配施生物黑炭(CFB)、减量化肥配施生物黑炭(RFB)、减量化肥配施猪粪(RFP)、减量化肥配施蚓粪(RFV)9种不同施肥处理,研究全量化肥和减施40%化肥条件下配施不同有机物对土壤肥力及作物养分利用效率的影响。结果表明:施用有机物的各处理油菜籽粒和红薯产量较CF处理都有所增加,其中以RFP和RFV处理增产效果最为显著,其增幅分别为76.69%,75.01%和84.73%,69.72%;有机物的施用提升了土壤中有机质、全氮、全磷、速效磷和速效钾含量,在连续施肥下,土壤养分水平进一步提升;在红薯和油菜季,不论全量化肥还是减量40%化肥,配施有机物处理相比CF处理均不同程度提高了氮肥、钾肥的表观利用率和偏生产力,其中红薯季RFP处理提升效果最佳,分别达到43.22%,48.55%和22.00,21.45kg/kg,但其磷肥表观利用率和磷肥偏生产力较低,仅为1.91%和3.25kg/kg;油菜季RFV处理的肥料贡献率最高,达到80.41%,但其农学效率较低,为0.67kg/kg。因此,有机物的施用可以达到土壤培肥、增加作物产量和提高作物肥料养分利用率的目的,对于农业生产有重要意义。 相似文献
6.
不同施肥处理土壤覆膜后秸秆碳对土壤有机碳的贡献 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于公主岭黑土长期定位试验站,利用13C标记的玉米秸秆进行田间原位培养试验,分析不同施肥处理土壤覆膜后秸秆碳在土壤的转化及其对土壤总有机碳(SOC)的贡献,以期为东北黑土区土壤培肥和碳的固存提供依据。结果表明:裸地土壤添加秸秆后不施肥(CK)与单施化肥(NPK)处理SOC的δ13C值显著高于有机肥配施化肥(MNPK)处理(P<0.05);覆膜土壤添加秸秆第360天SOC的δ13C值为-18.27‰^-17.19‰,且各施肥处理间差异不显著(P>0.05)。覆膜条件下土壤有机碳中秸秆碳(13CSOC)含量显著高于(P<0.05)裸地,尤其在第60天覆膜处理是裸地处理的1~3倍,说明覆膜改善了土壤的水热条件,促进了秸秆碳在土壤中的积累。裸地条件下CK、NPK和MNPK处理秸秆碳对土壤有机碳的贡献率平均分别为1.28%,1.32%和0.46%;覆膜条件下分别为0.81%,1.51%和0.97%。由上可以看出,无机氮、磷和钾养分的供应有利于秸秆碳在土壤的积累,对土壤有机碳库固定起着正反馈作用。 相似文献
7.
Marc Breulmann Katrin Kuka Manfred van Afferden François Buscot Christoph Fühner Roland Müller 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2018,64(6):873-880
Due to higher proportions of labile carbon (C) compounds the suitability of biochar produced by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) for C sequestration is questionable. We hypothesized that pre-treatment with water would reduce the biological decay of hydrochar from sewage sludge. Unwashed and washed feedstock and hydrochar were incubated in a short-term experiment. The kinetics of the biological decomposition of the materials was calculated on the basis of a double exponential model and the C sequestration potential using the CANDY Carbon Balance (CCB) model. Biological decomposition of the carbonized materials was governed by the percentage of labile C compounds. Mean residence time of a fast (MRTfast) and slow decay pool (MRTslow) of unwashed hydrochars varied clearly (MRTfast: 0.8 – 5.0 months and the MRTslow: 5.0–18.6 months). The pre-treatment with water removed labile hydrochar C and reduced the biological accessibility. MRTfast and MRTslow was increased by intensive washings (MRTfast: 5.0–7.4 months and the MRTslow: 14.9 months). High synthesis coefficients suggest that hydrochar C was humified and transferred into stabilized SOC. The results clearly show that once adsorbed components were eliminated, and as compared to pyrolysed biochar hydrochar from sewage sludge may also be useful for soil C sequestration. 相似文献
8.
有机物料施用对旱地红壤作物产量和有机质活性组分的影响 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
为了探讨不同有机物料施用对作物产量和土壤有机质活性组分的影响,以达到农田增产和土壤培肥的目的,本研究依托2015年在江西省红壤研究所布置的田间施肥试验,设置不施肥(CK)、常量化肥(CF)、减量化肥(RF)、减量化肥配施秸秆(RFR)、减量化肥配施生物黑炭(RFB)、减量化肥配施猪粪(RFP)、减量化肥配施蚓粪(RFV)7种不同施肥处理,研究减量化肥40%条件下配施不同有机物料对作物产量及耕层土壤有机质活性组分的影响。结果表明:在红薯-油菜轮作制度下,减肥配施有机物料处理的作物产量较常量化肥处理都有不同程度的增加,其中RFP、RFV处理油菜籽产量显著高于CF处理(P0.05);减肥配施有机物料处理的土壤微生物生物量有机质(MBOM)、水溶性有机质(DOM)、颗粒性有机质(POM)、易氧化有机质(LOM)含量均高于CF处理,其中油菜季POM含量较红薯季有明显的提升;相关性分析表明,经过两季的施肥处理,SOM和有机质活性组分与作物产量均呈显著正相关关系(P0.05),MBOM、POM、LOM与SOM呈极显著正相关性(P0.01)。可见,不同有机物料替代部分化肥,可以一定程度提高作物产量,更重要的是可以促进土壤有机质活性组分的提高,对于土壤培肥至关重要。 相似文献
9.
南方丘陵地区生物黑炭和有机肥配施化肥的应用研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
研究生物黑炭和有机肥配施化肥对旱地作物种植和养分损失的影响,旨在进一步探索高温多雨的南方丘陵地区旱地作物合理施肥和高产高效种植以及资源优化利用的有效途径。采用田间小区试验,设置了5个处理:不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(CF)、化肥+生物黑炭(CF+B)、有机无机肥配施(OF+CF)和有机无机肥配施且添加生物黑炭(OF+CF+B),探讨了生物黑炭和有机肥施用对春玉米产量、地表氮磷径流损失、作物氮磷肥料利用率的影响。结果表明:生物黑炭或有机肥的施用可显著增产8.2%~11.1%,但有机肥和生物黑炭结合施用增产效果最佳,增产率可高达13.7%。相比CF处理,CF+B处理可显著降低15.9%的氮素径流损失和24.2%磷素径流损失,显著提高26.3%和11.8%的地上部氮磷累积量;OF+CF处理可显著降低17.5%的氮素径流损失和25.0%磷素径流损失,提高36.5%(P0.05)和8.2%(P0.05)地上部氮磷累积量;OF+CF+B处理可显著降低33.3%的氮素径流损失和35.2%磷素径流损失,显著提高52.1%和29.0%地上部氮磷累积量,且氮磷肥料利用率最高,分别达49.1%和26.4%。OF+CF+B处理施肥方式一方面可促进春玉米旺盛生长,增加地表植被覆盖度和增强土壤的抗蚀性,显著降低了地表的径流体积;另一方面可以全面降低土壤氮磷养分溶解态和颗粒态的径流损失,培肥了地力。因此,从产量经济效益和环境效益方面综合来看,认为添加生物黑炭和有机肥部分替代化肥结合化肥施入土壤是最合理的施肥方式,值得在该区域进行推广和应用。 相似文献
10.
作物残体与其生物炭配施对土壤有机碳及其自身矿化率的提升 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
【目的】本研究通过探讨小麦和玉米残体与其生物炭配施对土壤各组分有机碳及其自身有机碳矿化的影响,揭示其在土壤固碳和培肥方面的效应,为农田有机物资源合理利用提供理论支撑。【方法】采用室内恒温培养试验,共设置小麦或玉米残体(根茬、秸秆)和秸秆制成的生物炭单施(WS、WR、WB、MS、MR、MB),配施(WS+WB、WR+WB、MS+MB、MR+MB)以及对照(CK)构成的11个处理,培养期间测定土壤CO2释放量,培养结束后测定土壤总有机碳(TOC)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)、微生物量碳(MBC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)以及粗细颗粒有机碳含量(CPOC、FPOC)。【结果】添加玉米有机物料对土壤TOC、MBC、POC、CPOC和FPOC含量的增加作用普遍高于添加小麦有机物料。添加小麦或玉米秸秆对土壤TOC、POC、CPOC、FPOC含量的增加作用均高于添加根茬。单独添加生物炭,作物残体与生物炭配施和单独添加作物残体处理分别在培养的第4、8、21 d有机碳矿化速率最大,为有机碳矿化快速期,之后矿化速率减缓并逐渐趋于稳定。单独添加作物残体其有机碳累积矿化率最大,达到30%~46%;与对照相比,添加有机物料的各处理均显著增加了土壤TOC含量,其中添加生物炭处理土壤TOC含量增幅最大;单独添加小麦和玉米生物炭处理,土壤TOC含量分别显著增加34.4%和36.5%,但其有机碳累积矿化率仅为3%左右,土壤FPOC含量及敏感性指数在单独添加生物炭处理最高;小麦和玉米残体与其生物炭配施处理,土壤MBC和CPOC含量分别显著增加80.2%~199.2%,且其有机碳累积矿化率为12%~19%,介于生物炭和残体单施之间,土壤CPOC含量及敏感性指数均表现为配施处理最高。【结论】单独添加作物残体能够较好地补充土壤养分,但CO2释放量显著高于单施生物炭及配施处理;单独添加生物炭其有机碳累积矿化率较低,短期内对土壤养分的补充作用较小。作物残体与其生物炭配施可以较好地克服各自单独施用的弊端,尤其是玉米秸秆与其生物炭配施,在保证作物养分供应的同时能增加土壤碳库储量,对土壤肥力提升效果更好。 相似文献
11.
稻壳炭对红壤理化特性及芥菜生长的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文探讨了不同热解温度制备的稻壳炭的基本性质,并通过盆栽试验研究了500℃热解稻壳炭添加量对南方红壤理化性质和芥菜产量的影响。结果表明:稻壳炭添加量3%、5%和10%三个处理显著改善了红壤的理化性质,土壤体积质量较对照处理依次降低0.11、0.28和0.42 g/cm~3,p H由4.5分别增加到7.5、7.8、8.4,CEC依次增加52.16%、187.02%和214.35%,土壤有机质、速效磷和速效钾显著增加,但稻壳炭添加量10%处理的土壤碱解氮含量降低。稻壳炭对芥菜的养分含量、产量等指标影响较为显著,随着施炭量的增加,芥菜的生物量增加,叶片全氮从1.63 g/kg增加到2.44 g/kg,全磷从2.32 g/kg增加到3.09 g/kg,全钾从47.1 g/kg增加到56.7 g/kg,产量由108.37 g/盆增加到608.7 g/盆。总之,添加5%的500℃热解稻壳炭有效改善了酸度较强的红壤的理化性质,促进了芥菜的生长和增收以及对氮磷钾养分的吸收和储存。在红壤改良上,稻壳炭的最佳添加比例为5%。 相似文献
12.
生物炭：一种新型改良剂能修复矿物、工业以及污水废弃物污染的土壤 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Mine tailings, waste rock piles, acid mine drainage, industrial
wastewater, and sewage sludge have contaminated a vast area of
cultivable and fallow lands, with a consequence of deterioration of
soil and water quality and watercourses due to the erosion of
contaminated soils for absence of vegetative cover.High concentrations
of toxic elements, organic contaminants, acidic soils, and harsh
climatic conditions have made it difficult to re-establish vegetation
and produce crops there. Recently, a significant body of work has
focussed on the suitability and potentiality of biochar as a soil
remediation tool that increases seed emergence, soil and crop
productivity, above ground biomass, and vegetation cover on mine
tailings, waste rock piles, and industrial and sewage
waste-contaminated soils by increasing soil nutrients and water-holding
capacity, amelioration of soil acidity, and stimulation of microbial
diversity and functions. This review addresses: i) the functional
properties of biochar, and microbial cycling of nutrients in soil; ii)
bioremediation, especially phytoremediation of mine tailings,
industrial waste, sewage sludge, and contaminated soil using biochar;
iii) impact of biochar on reduction of acid production, acid mine
drainage treatment, and geochemical dynamics in mine tailings; and iv)
treatment of metal and organic contaminants in soils using biochar, and
restoration of degraded land. 相似文献
13.
14.
The present study was conducted to assess the suitability of sewage sludge amendment in soil for Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera (sugar beet) and Triticum aestivum (wheat) by evaluating the arsenic and selenium accumulation and physiological responses of plants grown at 10%, 25%, and 50% sewage sludge amendment rate. Sewage sludge amendment was modified by the physicochemical properties of soil, thus increasing the availability of heavy metals in the soil and consequently with higher accumulation in plant parts. The chlorophyll contents increased after the sewage sludge treatments except for 50%. The sewage sludge amendment led to a significant increase in arsenic and selenium concentrations of the soil. The heavy metal accumulation in the soil after the treatments did not exceed the limits for the land application of sewage sludge recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency. The increased concentration of heavy metals in the soil due to the sewage sludge amendment led to increases in heavy metal uptake in the leaves and root concentrations of arsenic and selenium in plants as compared to those grown on unamended soil. Accumulation was more in roots than shoots and leaves for most of the heavy metals. Concentrations of arsenic and selenium were more than the permissible limits of national standards in the edible portion of sugar beet and wheat grown on different sewage sludge amendments ratios. The study concludes that the sewage sludge amendment in the soil for growing sugar beet and wheat may not be a good option due to risk of contamination of arsenic and selenium. 相似文献
15.
施肥方式对稻麦轮作土壤团聚体分布的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
土壤是人类赖以生存的重要资源,团聚体作为土壤结构的基础单元,不仅提高土壤肥力、调节养分的生物有效性,而且增强土壤抗侵蚀能力。通过6年试验,研究了不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(CF)、秸秆+缓释肥(SRF)和有机无机混施(OCF)4种施肥方式对土壤养分含量及各粒级团聚体分布的影响,为揭示施肥措施对土壤地力形成演变的影响机制提供理论基础。结果表明:SRF和OCF处理0—20,20—40 cm土层土壤的SOC含量较CF显著增加10.06%,19.23%和9.84%,16.79%;3种施肥处理0—20,20—40 cm土层的TN差异不显著,但均高于CK处理;OCF处理中0—20 cm土层的C/N比较CF增加16.44%(p0.05)。SRF处理较CK显著提高了0—20 cm土层R_(0.25)(10.93%);20—40 cm土层,OCF处理中R_(0.25)显著高于其他3个处理,分别高出32.62%(CK),19.75%(CF),19.44%(SRF)(p0.05)。相比CF处理,SRF和OCF提高了0—20,20—40 cm土层的平均质量直径MWD(1.54%～16.92%,2.17%～28.26%)和平均几何直径GMD(5.88%～14.71%,13.04%～39.13%),降低了分形维数D(1.11%～2.09%,4.99%～5.44%),且OCF处理更为显著(p0.05)。可见,秸秆+缓释肥和有机无机混施处理均有利于土壤肥力提升,且后者效果更为显著。MWD和GMD与土壤SOC和TN的相关性较高,均适合用于揭示团聚体与土壤总有机碳、总氮含量之间的关系;但分形维数D与之无显著相关性关系。 相似文献
16.
Binh Thanh Nguyen Vinh Ngoc Nguyen Tong Xuan Nguyen My Hoang Nguyen Hao Phu Dong Gai Dai Dinh Nghia Van Nguyen Tan-Viet Pham 《Soil Use and Management》2023,39(1):415-428
Although most studies have indicated that biochar can boost rice (Oryza sativa) growth, the material may also suppress it, depending on ratios of carbon (C) to nitrogen (N) and available N to available phosphorous (P). The current study sought to examine the impacts of biochar on rice growth and to identify underlying mechanisms. A pot experiment was conducted using two soils of high (3.05%) and low (0.54%) organic carbon (OC) content, mixed with 0, 1.5, 3, 6, and 12% biochar and planted with rice. Rice growth components, five rice tissue nutrients, and nine soil properties were measured. The results showed that the response of rice growth to biochar rates could be described using an exponential-growth function in high-OC soil but an inverted U-shaped curve in low-OC soil. In high-OC soil, the 12% biochar rate led to the greatest total biomass, increased by 47%, whereas in low-OC soil, the 3 and 6% rates exhibited the highest total biomass, increased by 44%, compared to the no-biochar added soils. Biochar elevated the C:N ratio from 11.5 to 39.1, with an optimal range of 20–30 corresponding to the highest rice growth. Biochar declined the ratio of NH4-N to Mehlich-1 P, causing N deficiency. In brief, high biochar rates may suppress rice growth when the soil C:N ratio exceeds 30. The applied biochar rate should be considered based on soil properties typically OC and N content to obtain the C:N ratio between 20 and 30 for optimal rice growth. 相似文献
17.
Stavros Sotiropoulos Ioannis K. Kalavrouziotis Sotiris Varnavas Christos Paschalidis Panagiotis H. Koukoulakis 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(9):1009-1021
A pot experiment with spinach (Spinacia oleraceae L. Fam.: Chenopodiaceae) was conducted aiming to investigate the effect of the addition of sewage sludge (SS) on soil substrate, the growth of spinach, and the plant interactions of CaxCd and ZnxCd. There were six substrates obtained by mixing soil and sludge in different proportions by volume (20:1, 10:1, 6.7:1, 5.0:1, 4.0:1, 3.3:1) and a control (only soil). The highest biomass was achieved in treatments 20:1 and 10:1. There was not a linear increase due to toxicity when SS was added in higher proportions. Sludge improved soil fertility by increasing organic matter and total N. Furthermore, in all plant parts of spinach, the Ca and Zn contents were synergistically interrelated with the Cd content, facilitating Cd uptake. The use of sewage sludge as soil amendment is not applicable on agricultural land due to the accumulation of Cd in plant. 相似文献
18.
Soil biochemical activities and the geometric mean of enzyme activities after application of sewage sludge and sewage sludge biochar to soil 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
There is a need to improve the way in which wastes, such as sewage sludges, are managed and a potential way to proceed would be to transform them into biochar. On the other hand, there is a growing interest in the use of soil biochemical properties as indicators of soil quality because they are sensitive to alterations in soil management. Thus, we have studied the effect of a biochar obtained from sewage sludge on soil biochemical properties in an organic soil using two doses of biochar and comparing these results with the control soil and with soils amended with the same two doses of unpyrolyzed sewage sludge. Microbial biomass C, soil respiration, net N mineralization and several enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase, phosphomoesterase and arylsulphatase) were monitored. The geometric mean of enzyme activities (GMea) was used as a soil quality index. Individual biochemical properties showed a different response to the treatments, while GMea showed an increase in the quality of soils amended with the high biochar dose and a decrease in those amended with a high sewage sludge dose. The geometric mean of enzyme activities was a suitable index to condense the whole set of soil enzyme values in a single numerical value, which was sensitive to management practices. 相似文献
19.
土壤有机碳氮是土壤肥力的关键因素,有机物料施用是提高土壤有机碳氮的有效措施。研究和比较了不同有机物料输入对土耕层（0—20 cm）土壤有机碳、全氮、可溶性有碳氮及0—200 cm剖面土壤硝态氮和含水量分布变化的后效作用。结果表明,停止施入有机物料两年后,与对照（CK）相比,秸秆与氮磷肥配施（SNP）和生物炭与氮磷肥配施（BNP）的表层（0—20 cm）土壤有机碳（SOC）分别提高了29.5%和29.8%（p<0.05）;氮磷肥（NP）、有机肥与氮磷肥配施（MNP）、秸秆与氮磷肥配施（SNP）和生物炭与氮磷肥配施（BNP）的表层土壤全氮含量较CK分别提高了22.0%,14.3%,24.2%和26.4%（p<0.05）。BNP处理的土壤可溶性有机碳（DOC）显著高于其他处理（p<0.05）,分别比CK,NP,MNP和SNP提高了23.4%,10.9%,21.3%,20.5%;所有施肥处理的土壤可溶性有机氮（DON）均显著高于CK（p<0.05）,分别提高了39.3%,29.3%,34.5%和52.3%。与CK相比,各施肥处理显著提高了表层土壤硝态氮含量（p<0.05）,增加了0—100 cm土层的硝态氮累积量。与NP处理相比,MNP和SNP显著提高了0—200 cm土层的硝态氮累积量（p<0.05）,而BNP则差异不显著。相比CK,施肥处理（NP,MNP,SNP,BNP）可显著提高0—20 cm土层的含水量,增加0—40 cm土层的储水量,且BNP处理显著高于SNP和MNP。总体而言,生物炭在提高和维持表层土壤肥力以及降低剖面硝态氮淋溶风险等方面的后效作用显著优于秸秆和有机肥,是陕西关中地区旱地土上一种较好的有机物料施用方式。 相似文献
20.
探明生物炭、秸秆和化肥配施对黄褐土条件下土壤团聚体的影响,为降低黄淮海平原黄褐土生产障碍,建立合理培肥制度提供参考。本研究通过3年定位试验,设置了不同的施肥制度:对照为不施肥(CK)、施用化肥(NPK)、生物炭配施化肥(NPKB)、秸秆配施化肥(NPKS)、生物炭和秸秆配施化肥(NPKSB)5个处理。对不同处理条件下湿筛的土壤团聚体指标进行了分析。结果表明:施用有机物料后,能增加大粒级土壤团聚体含量,提升土壤团聚体稳定性,提高土壤有机质含量。稳定性的提升幅度次序为NPKSNPKSBNPKB。在试验期内,添加生物炭能逐年提升土壤有机碳含量,顺序为NPKSBNPKB。在所有施肥处理中,NPKSB对提升大粒级团聚体有机碳贡献率效果最好。在本研究设置处理中,NPKSB对提升土壤团聚体基本性能效果最好。 相似文献