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用使君子、雷丸、茶籽饼、川楝子、大蒜素、矿物质分散剂组成中草药复方,分别以0、5、6、8、10、15、20和25 mg·L-1的浓度对刺参苗期玻璃海鞘(Ciona intestinalis)进行杀除效果和对刺参苗种的毒性试验,以研究中草药复方对海参苗期玻璃海鞘的杀除效果。结果表明:采用该中草药复方,浓度为10~15 mg·L-1时,药浴24 h,既能有效杀灭玻璃海鞘,又对稚参无毒副作用,对养殖水体各指标也基本无影响,是刺参养殖系统中杀灭玻璃海鞘的最适浓度。进一步的生产性应用实践表明,在刺参育苗池中采用“3+7”模式(用药后第3 d倒池、第7 d倒板)施用浓度10~15 mg·L-1的中草药复方,可达到杀除玻璃海鞘的良好效果,且与海参容易分离。在上述药物浓度作用下,刺参苗种伸展、附着和摄食正常,健康状况良好。该中草药复方适合在生产实践中应用推广。 相似文献
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10种渔药对玻璃海鞘Ciona intestinalis的急性毒性试验结果表明,硫酸锌(≤3 mg/L)、碳酸氢钠(≤2.5%)、茶皂素(≤6.7 ml/L)、氯氰菊酯(≤0.2 ml/L)、精制敌百虫粉(≤4 mg/L)、敌百虫*辛硫磷粉(≤3 mg/L)和高锰酸钾(≤5 mg/L)对玻璃海鞘无致死作用.在24 h内,硫酸铜浓度≥1 mg/L、灭鞘灵(MQL)浓度≥5 mg/L和自制大蒜素复方药物灭鞘散(MQS)≥15 mg/L时,对玻璃海鞘有100%的致死作用,其24 h的LC50值分别为0.58、3.33和10.80 mg/L.硫酸铜浓度≥1 mg/L时,稚参在3 h内吐肠率达80%以上,对刺参能造成严重的生理伤害.因此,硫酸铜不适合在生产实践中使用.MQS浓度为20 mg/L或MQL浓度为10 mg/L对稚参的毒性实验表明,药物浸泡稚参96 h仍活动正常,对生存没有任何影响.因此,MQS和MQL可视为刺参养殖系统中杀灭玻璃海鞘的有效药物,分别采用15 mg/L和5 mg/L的浓度,药浴24 h后换水即可完成. 相似文献
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正玻璃海鞘(Ciona intestinalis)属脊索动物门、尾索动物亚门、海鞘纲、内性目、玻璃海鞘科。玻璃海鞘在渤海、黄海、东海和南海均有分布,尤以黄、渤海居多,与柄海鞘和乳突皮海鞘并称为优势种,在南海偶尔出现但数量很少。玻璃海鞘属广温性种,在5~30℃均可存活,随着温度降低玻璃海鞘的生长速度逐渐减缓。玻璃海鞘幼体有尾,营自由生活;变态 相似文献
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不同季节海鞘滤水率的测定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在桑沟湾用模拟现场流水法对滤食性附着生物玻璃海鞘和柄海鞘的滤水率进行了测定。结果表明，同一品种海鞘，在不同季节其滤水率随着水温的变化而变化。在实验水温范围内，以５月份水温在１７℃左右时海鞘滤水率最大，栖海鞘为３．１９ｌ／ｈ·ｉｎｄ（ｃｈｌ－ａ）和４．５３１／ｈ·ｉｎｄ（ＰＯＭ），玻璃海鞘为０．７３１／ｈ·ｉｎｄ（ｃｈｌ－ａ）和０．７６１／ｈ·ｉｎｄ（ＰＯＭ）．１１月和９月水温在７℃和２５℃左右时其滤水率均降低至１７℃时的１／３～１／５左右。由此反映出这两种海鞘的生理现象和生活规律及与环境因子的关系。 相似文献
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《南方水产科学》2021,(3)
为更科学地使用硫酸铜治疗淀粉卵涡鞭虫病,该研究以卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)为动物模型,探讨了硫酸铜对眼点淀粉卵涡鞭虫(Amyloodinium ocellatum)生活史各个阶段的有效驱杀浓度和作用时间,并评估其对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼的安全质量浓度范围。结果显示,卵形鲳鲹幼鱼对硫酸铜的耐受性强,安全质量浓度小于43.06mg·L~(-1)。用3.13、0.78、0.20 mg·L~(-1)硫酸铜溶液分别药浴处理10、30、60 min可100%驱杀涡孢子;用2.0、1.0、0.5 mg·L~(-1)硫酸铜溶液分别药浴浸泡鱼体2、4、8 h可100%清除鱼体上的营养体;而包囊对硫酸铜的耐受性强,用100 mg·L~(-1)硫酸铜溶液连续药浴,仍有90%以上的包囊能继续分裂。治疗实验显示,在0.2、0.4mg·L~(-1)硫酸铜溶液中连续药浴10 d,对患病鱼的相对保护率分别为80%和90%,表明使用低浓度硫酸铜溶液连续药浴可有效治疗卵形鲳鲹淀粉卵涡鞭虫病。 相似文献
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采用静水试验法,研究了Pb2+(0.1、0.25、0.5、1.0、2.5、5.0 mg/L共6个浓度梯度)与Cd2+(0.2、0.4、0.8、1.0、2.5、5.0 mg/L共6个浓度梯度)对刺参幼参的急性毒性,并分析了其在幼参体内的富集状况。研究表明,幼参死亡率随暴露时间和Pb2+、Cd2+浓度增加总体呈升高趋势,而附壁率则反之。暴露于两组低浓度Pb2+的幼参死亡率差异不显著(P0.05),其他组死亡率均随暴露时间和Pb2+浓度增加而显著升高;最高浓度组在72 h时死亡率已达100%,在24 h时其附壁率低至6.7%,与其他浓度组差异均显著(P0.01)。暴露于Cd2+的幼参在72 h后的死亡率比48 h内明显升高,96h时0.8 mg/L浓度组的幼参死亡率即达100%;暴露于Cd2+的幼参附壁率均较低。Pb2+和Cd2+对幼参的安全浓度分别为0.061、0.018 mg/L。随着水体中Pb2+和Cd2+浓度的增加,幼参体内的重金属含量和累积速率均呈升高趋势,但富集系数呈波动性变化,幼参对Cd2+的富集系数和累积速率均高于Pb2+。结果表明,Cd2+对幼参的急性毒性作用强于Pb2+,且幼参对Cd2+的富集能力明显强于Pb2+。本研究将为阐明刺参在生态环境修复中的作用提供理论依据,并为刺参健康养殖与食用安全提供重要参考。 相似文献
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Tolerance of juvenile black sea bass Centropristis striata to acute ammonia and nitrite exposure at various salinities 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ABSTRACT: Experiments were conducted to determine the acute tolerance of juvenile (mean weight ± standard error, 9.9 ± 0.9 g) black sea bass Centropristis striata to environmental un-ionized ammonia-nitrogen (NH3 -N) and nitrite-nitrogen (NO2 -N) exposure at various salinities. Specifically, median lethal concentrations (LC50 values) of NH3 -N and NO2 -N at 24, 48 and 96 h of exposure were determined at salinities of 10, 20 and 30 g/L at 22°C. With the exception of LC50 values determined at 48 h, median lethal concentrations of NH3 -N to black sea bass were not influenced by environmental salinity; 24, 48, and 96 h LC50 values ranged from 0.81 to 0.85, 0.65–0.77, and 0.46–0.54 mg-NH3 -N/L, respectively. In contrast, tolerance of black sea bass to environmental NO2 -N was compromised at reduced salinities. Median lethal concentrations of NO2 -N to fish at 24, 48 and 96 h of exposure ranged from 288.3 to 429.0, 258.4 to 358.8 and 190.0 to 241.9 mg-NO2 -N/L, respectively. Results indicate that while juvenile black sea bass are relatively sensitive to acute NH3 -N exposure, they are highly resistant to NO2 -N exposure. 相似文献
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Large‐scale mortality and limited expression of heat shock proteins of aestivating sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus after acute salinity decrease 
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下载免费PDF全文 This study deals with the mortality and related physiological responses of aestivating sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus to acute salinity decrease. Aestivating and active sea cucumbers were exposed to a decrease in salinity (from 30 to 20 psu) at a rate of 2.5 psu every 6 h, and then maintained at 20 psu for 96 h. The mortality of aestivating sea cucumbers was ~30%, which was significantly higher than that of active sea cucumbers (~10%). This result indicated that sea cucumbers in aestivation were more susceptible to hypo‐salinity stress. To elucidate the underlying physiological mechanisms, the osmotic pressure in coelomic fluid and the levels of hsp70 and hsp90 mRNA in aestivating and active sea cucumbers were measured. No significant difference in osmoregulation was observed between the two groups. The osmotic pressure of coelomic fluid in both groups changed with decrease in ambient salinity. There were significant differences in the time course and magnitude of hsp70 and hsp90 expression between the two groups. After exposure to decreased salinity, aestivating sea cucumbers showed a delayed up‐regulation of hsp70 and hsp90 expression compared with animals in active state, and these levels decreased rapidly to control values. The expression of hsp70 and hsp90 in aestivating sea cucumbers were significantly lower than those in active sea cucumbers after salinity change. The differences in hsp70 and hsp90 expression between the states may partly explain the higher mortality of sea cucumbers in aestivation when exposed to low salinity. 相似文献
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Takeshi Furuta Nakahiro Iwata Kotaro Kikuchi 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2008,39(6):766-773
The acute toxicities of copper were examined for Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, and red sea bream, Pagrus major, in terms of fish size and water temperature. Artificial seawater of low pH of 5.4–6.7 was used as testing water to keep dissolved copper concentration at 0.04–41 mg Cu/L. Japanese flounder of 0.3–17 g and red sea bream of 0.5–13 g were exposed to different concentrations of copper for 96 h at 20 C under semistatic condition. Median‐lethal concentration for 96 h of Japanese flounder and red sea bream were 8.7–12.2 and 2.0–5.2 mg Cu/L, respectively. No significant relationships were observed between median‐lethal concentrations for 96 h and fish size for Japanese flounder, while the value decreased significantly with increasing fish size for red sea bream. Effect of water temperature on the acute toxicity was examined for Japanese flounder of 0.3 and 0.4 g at 10, 15, 20, and 25 C and red sea bream of 0.5 and 1.0 g at 12, 15, 20, and 25 C. Ninety‐six‐hour median‐lethal concentrations for Japanese flounder and red sea bream were 5.1–11.2 and 1.0–5.3 mg Cu/L, respectively. No significant relationships were observed between median‐lethal concentrations for 96 h and water temperature for both fish species. 相似文献
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Jeonghwan Park Harry V. Daniels Sung Hwoan Cho 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2013,44(5):726-734
This study was performed to estimate the nitrite toxicity to southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma, in brackish water (7.5 ppt of salinity). For a LC50 test, 20 fingerlings (5.7 ± 0.4 cm) in each aquarium (15 L) were exposed to the concentrations of 0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 mg NO2?‐N/L in duplication for 10 d. Median lethal concentration at 96 h (96‐h LC50) was calculated as 81.6 mg NO2?‐N/L. For a verification test, young flounder (164.2 ± 9.1 g) were exposed to a simulated culture condition in recirculating systems (1000 L). Sodium nitrite was not added to control system, whereas it was added to Treatment system 1 (TS 1) and Treatment system 2 (TS 2) to maintain nitrite concentrations of 20 and 30 mg NO2?‐N/L, respectively. The plasma nitrite concentrations of the young flounder in TS 1 and TS 2 were 4.5 and 6.6 mg NO2?‐N/L, respectively, after 2 wk. At this time, the methemoglobin percentages in TS 1 and TS 2 reached 85.8 and 89.7%, and survival rates were 37.5 and 25.0%, respectively. The results of these tests indicate that southern flounder do not concentrate nitrite in blood from the environment, but they seem to be more sensitive to nitrite compared with other species that do not concentrate nitrite. 相似文献
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即食海参加工工艺的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
传统工艺加工的海参干制品烹调时需要水发,本试验拟解决由于干制品给食用带来的不便,以冷鲜海参作为研发对象,从原料的特性和功能入手,利用海参特殊的营养结构和组分等特点,采用了科学合理的加工技术,对传统的海参加工方法进行了全面的技术改造,通过正交试验对焖煮、浸渍等关键技术的探讨,成功的研制出即食海参间断式加热焖制工艺,且焖制水温为90℃、焖制时间为4 h、循环次数为3次,加工的成品即食海参不但肉质富有弹性、色泽较好、风味独特,而且最大程度地减少了营养成分损失。 相似文献
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本研究利用MRS培养基,从山东东营刺参(Apostichopusjaponicus)养殖池塘环境中分离到56株乳酸菌。以刺参腐皮综合征2种重要致病菌灿烂弧菌(Vibrio splendidus)和假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas nigrifaciens)为指示菌,采用牛津杯法测定所分离的乳酸菌对2株致病菌的抑制效果,筛选出1株具有较强抑菌活性的乳酸菌CSND-6,并对该细菌的形态、胞内产物和胞外产物的抑菌活性、生理生化实验、16S r DNA序列分析、菌株生长特性及对刺参安全性进行了研究。结果显示,菌株CSND-6对灿烂弧菌和假交替单胞菌的生长具有较好的抑制作用。其中,胞内产物的抑菌圈分别为17、22 mm,胞外产物的抑菌圈分别为25、31 mm。该菌株对刺参的高浓度浸浴胁迫实验结果表明,所分离的菌株对刺参是安全的。通过生理生化和16S rDNA序列分析表明,CSND-6属于乳杆菌科(Lactobacillaceae),与副干酪乳杆菌(LactobacillusparacaseiJCM1171)的相似性为99.83%。菌株CSND-6在30℃~44℃、pH为6~8范围内生长较快,24 h后进入对数生长期,28~32 h时达到生长高峰,最高值达2.10×109CFU/ml。本研究筛选的副干酪乳杆菌属于刺参池塘养殖环境中土著益生菌,对刺参的主要病原菌抑制效果较好,并表现出了较好的生长特性,可为养殖池塘刺参疾病的生态防控和乳酸菌开发提供参考。 相似文献
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分别采用鲜孔石莼(Ulva pertusa)、鲜角叉菜(Chondrus ocellatus)、鲜裙带菜(Undaria pinnatifida)磨碎液及其混合液与25%海泥制成四种不同配合饵料,对2.25g±0.02g的幼刺参生长和成活进行了研究。结果表明:实验60d后,投喂鲜孔石莼的幼刺体重增长达到(4.86±0.54)g,特定生长率表现出最大值,为1.36%±0.13%/d,相比对照组(3.42g±0.62g,0.82%±0.34%/d)增长显著(P<0.05),鲜角叉菜次之,体重和特定生长率分别为4.37g±0.31g和1.22%±0.22%/d,两者差异不显著(P>0.05)。幼刺参摄食鲜孔石莼、鲜角叉菜、鲜裙带菜和混合藻液其存活率分别为62.2%±0.2%、58.7%±0.3%、55.3%±0.9%、56.3%±0.7%,与对照组(50.6%±1.3%)之间差异显著(P<0.05)。研究结果显示,投喂鲜孔石莼对海上网箱幼刺参的生长和成活效果最好。因此,在刺参海上网箱养殖阶段添加鲜孔石莼是经济可行的。 相似文献
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本实验以小[(6.05±0.44)g/头]、中[(14.68±1.76)g/头]、大[(25.64±3.27)g/头]的3种不同规格刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)为研究对象,研究了氨氮胁迫浓度为0、2、4、6、8、l0 mg/L时对刺参体腔液中溶菌酶(LSZ)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响.结果显示,在氨氮浓度为8 mg/L时,第10天后,3种不同规格刺参均出现吐肠、化皮,直至死亡.氨氮浓度为10 mg/L时中规格刺参存活率最低,为86.7％.在氨氮浓度为2 mg/L和4 mg/L时,小、中、大规格刺参的3种非特异性免疫酶活性在第4天显著升高,与对照组(氨氮浓度低于0.05 mg/L)差异显著(P＜0.05);第7、10、13天时,LSZ、CAT、SOD酶活性与第4天相比,差异不显著(P＞0.05).在氨氮浓度为6、8、10 mg/L时,LSZ、CAT、SOD酶活性在第7天达到最高,与对照组差异性显著(P＜0.05).氨氮胁迫对3种不同规格刺参的非特异性免疫酶活性的影响存在差异,在同一氨氮浓度胁迫下,敏感性依次为中规格＞大规格＞小规格.研究表明,氨氮胁迫会对刺参存活与免疫产生一定影响,在刺参养殖过程中,水环境中氨氮浓度最好控制在6 mg/L以内. 相似文献