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彝族是具有鲜明火文化的民族之一,彝族的用火习俗中蕴含着丰富的生态智慧,通过特有的习俗反馈大自然、保护大自然,在世代传承的过程中已内化为社会规范和文化自觉,对民族的长远发展发挥了重要作用。在生态文明的背景下,以火文化为切入点,对彝族用火习俗中表现出来的森林生态思想进行探析,将彝族火文化中的用火习俗和用火智慧与其林业发展结合起来,从人类学、历史学、文化学等视角出发探究彝族火文化中的生态智慧,挖掘其中折射出来的森林生态思想。 相似文献
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大兴安岭北部试验林火干扰下土壤密度的时空变化 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
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云雾山典型草原处于黄土高原半干旱地区,也是草原火灾多发区,试验比较了未烧地与新烧地、火烧后3 a和火烧后11a土壤有机碳(SOC)、全N、全P和速效K含量的变化过程.测量的土壤深度为50 cm,每10 cm一层,比较了4个样地0-10 cm、10-20 cm、20-30 cm、30-40 cm、40-50 cm土壤养分的变化.结果表明:(1)新烧地土壤剖面各层SOC、全N、全P和速效K含量都显著高于未烧地.(2)火烧后3 a样地土壤剖面各层SOC、全N、全P和速效K含量与未烧地差异不显著.(3)火烧后11a样地土壤剖面各层全N含量都显著高于未烧地,SOC、全P和速效K含量除了0-10 cm层与未烧地差异不显著外,其它土层均显著增加.(4)4个样地的土壤剖面各层从上到下SOC、土壤全N、全P和速效K含量呈递减趋势.(5)3个火烧样地土壤表层(0-10 cm)的pH值和未烧地差异不显著. 相似文献
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Paul M. Chandler 《Agriculture and Human Values》1991,8(1-2):59-66
A decision-tree model of an indigenous forest management system centered around shamu (Cunninghamia lanceolata),an important timber species in China, was constructed from extensive interviews with peasants in two villages in Fujian Province, China. From this model additional interviews were conducted to elicit from these peasants their reasons for selecting among decision alternatives. Those reasons that were of an ecological nature were discussed in detail with the peasants to elicit indigenous interpretations of ecological processes in order to test an hypothesis that a strong analogy exists between traditional indigenous and scientific knowledge of ecological processes. Three cases are presented that test this hypothesis. These three cases concern the effect of intercrops on the growth of shamu,the relative merits of seedlings and root collar sprout cuttings for forest regeneration, and the effects of repeated plantings of shamuon soil chemistry. All three cases provide strong support for the research hypothesis and suggest that, even in the absence of a formalized scientific method, humans exercise mental processes typical of scientific thinking. This phenomenon is called proto-science. 相似文献
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依据实地调查和测量,结合室内燃烧床模拟野外计划烧除试验,考虑可燃物载量(x1)、温度(x2)、可燃物含水率(x3)、风速(x4)、坡向(x5)、坡度(x6)、林带高度(x7)、蔓延速度(x8)、火线强度(x9)及计划烧除防火隔离带宽度(y)等因子构建多元线性回归模型。结果表明,预测的多元线性回归模型为 y=-12.371+4.182x1+0.435x2+0.013x3+0.083x4+0.017x5+0.916x6+0.540x7,对计划烧除防火隔离带宽度的影响大小依次为 x6、x7、x1、x4、x3、x2、x5,利用该模型,可以用易于获取的可燃物特征、地形因子、气象因子、林分因子来开设防火隔离带,为合理开展计划烧除和营林用火等提供依据。 相似文献
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Christoffel den Biggelaar 《Agriculture and Human Values》1991,8(1-2):25-36
Agricultural development strategies to date were chiefly based on Western technological solutions, with mixed success rates. Farming Systems Research (FSR) was advanced as a way to increase the use of indigenous knowledge of farming to make new technologies more adaptable and appropriate to farming conditions. FSR has enabled researchers to focus attention on people and their knowledge by increasing people's participation in problem identification and new technology validation. In practice, though, FSR continues to be a top-down approach: technologies continue to be developed (in most cases) in the exogenous, Western knowledge system. Little has been done to develop indigenous technology generating and diffusing capacities already present in the rural areas. In this paper, a model adapted from Bell (1979) will be advanced that is based on cooperation and collaboration between the exogenous and indigenous knowledge systems leading to a synthesis of the two. The underlying principle of the model is that the ultimate solution for rural development is not the dumping of more scientists upon rural people (of whatever discipline) to make exogenously-generated technologies more adaptable and in-line with people's problems, but to strengthen, empower, and legitimize indigenous capacities for identifying problems and developing solutions for these problems. The “empowerment” of the indigenous knowledge/technology system (however difficult that may be politically) so that it has equal footing with Western knowledge may well be the most important step in a strategy of enabling the people in the developing countries themselves to alleviate their poverty. 相似文献
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依据实地调查和测量,结合室内燃烧床模拟野外计划烧除试验,考虑可燃物载量(x1)、温度(x2)、可燃物含水率(x3)、风速(x4)、坡向(x5)、坡度(x6)、林带高度(x7)、蔓延速度(x8)、火线强度(x9)及计划烧除防火隔离带宽度(y)等因子构建多元线性回归模型。结果表明,预测的多元线性回归模型为y=-12.371+4.182x1+0.435x2+0.013x3+0.083x4+0.017x5+0.916x6+0.540x7,对计划烧除防火隔离带宽度的影响大小依次为x6、x7、x1、x4、x3、x2、x5,利用该模型,可以用易于获取的可燃物特征、地形因子、气象因子、林分因子来开设防火隔离带,为合理开展计划烧除和营林用火等提供依据。 相似文献
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Daniel Coq-Huelva Bolier Torres-Navarrete Carlos Bueno-Suárez 《Agriculture and Human Values》2018,35(1):163-179
This article explores the role of conventions in the normalization of cocoa production in Ecuadorian Amazonia. Convention theory provides key theoretical tools for understanding coordination among agents. However, conventions must be understood as cultural constructions with a strong Eurocentric background that must be substantially modified in originally non-European contexts. A creative application of convention theory can partially overcome bifurcation among Western and non-Western rationalities. First, it shows that Western values and forms of coordination are heterogeneous, conflictive and opposing. Second, it provides key insight for understanding the transformation of subaltern subjectivities generated from non-Western rationalities that are closely associated with subjugated knowledges. Third, in applying the concept of compromise, it allows one to understand cognitive hybridization and coordination among indigenous and Western agents and thus the complexities of processes of resistance, subversion and empowerment carried by indigenous communities. This article is focused on how cocoa production in Ecuadorian Amazonia serves as an example of the confluence and coordination of indigenous (using the concept of “Good Living” or Sumak Kawsay) and Western conventions. The assertion of Sumak Kawsay is understood as a relevant transformation of Ecuadorian post-colonial relations. It is shown that relevant industrial upgrading processes are justified by, among others, Sumak Kawsay repertoires. Additionally, dialogue on knowledge and compromise among conventions, and especially concerning Sumak Kawsay and the market, have been key facets shaping the development of a differentiated quality strand that has promoted relevant changes in the subaltern positioning of indigenous farmers in the cocoa commodity chain. 相似文献
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中国式现代化是追求人与自然和谐共生的现代化。从现实维度对中国式现代化生态文明建设进行解读,回答其道路优势的三大问题,助力中国共产党对人民、对国际、对实现"双碳"目标的承诺。从理论维度来看,中国式现代化生态文明建设与中国社会主义制度具有本质联系,中国式现代化道路下的生态文明建设是具有中国特色的现代化建设。从实践维度来看,推进中国式现代化道路下的生态文明建设根本保证在于始终坚持党的领导,以降碳为重点,打造不负人民的生态环境保护铁军、推动地球生态命运共同体构建,为中国式现代化奠定坚实的生态基础。 相似文献
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[目的]探讨云南省森林火源特点。[方法]对2004—2014年云南省产生的森林火灾次数及火源特点进行了研究。[结果]云南省生产性火源和非生产性火源都是森林火灾的主要原因,但非生产性火源所占比重更大。生产性火源中烧荒烧炭影响最大;非生产性火源中,野外吸烟、小孩玩火、上坟烧纸、取暖做饭和智障弄火是主要火源。其中,非生产性火源具有明显的季节性特点和时段性特点,季节主要集中在3—5月,时段主要集中在09:00—13:00和15:00—20:00。[结论]该研究可为云南省森林防火的火源管理提供参考。 相似文献
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火烧对胡桃楸人工林土壤化学性质的影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
对胡桃楸人工林进行控制火烧,利用摄像机记录火烧情况,对火烧前后土壤pH值、全氮、速效氮、速效磷、钾、钙、镁等化学性质的变化及其与林火能量释放指标的相关性进行了分析。结果表明,火烧使胡桃楸人工林土壤肥力总体增加。火烧后土壤pH值、速效磷、钾、钙、全氮、速效氮增加,镁变化不显著。火烧对土壤各主要化学性质影响的程度与点烧时的能量释放有关,其中全氮、速效氮、速效磷的绝对变化值与样地总能量释放呈负相关,镁的绝对变化值和钙的相对变化值与单位面积能量释放呈正相关,而pH值和钾与这两个能量释放指标都不相关。上述所有化学性质的变化与林火强度都不存在线性相关关系,以林火强度为依据划分的轻度地表火和低度地表火对土壤各化学性质变化程度没有影响。同时对林火烈度与林火能量释放诸指标的关系进行了讨论。 相似文献
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植物功能性状不仅便于评价植物的防火性能,也有利于筛选防火植物。本研究以宁波地区的29个常绿木本植物为对象,在测定植物比叶面积、叶干物质含量、叶片含水量、枝条干物质含量和树皮厚度5个功能性状,以及鲜叶的7个防火性能指标的基础上,通过因子分析将防火性能指标划分为抗燃性fa(包含抗火性因子f1和燃烧速度因子f22个公因子)与燃烧性fb 2个防火因子,然后利用Pearson相关和偏相关建立了5个功能性状与各个防火因子的相关性,并对29物种的防火性能进行评价。结果表明:1)比叶面积和树皮厚度与抗火性因子f1,枝条干物质含量、树皮厚度和当年生叶片含水量与燃烧速度因子f2,比叶面积与抗燃性因子fa,叶片干物质含量、比叶面积和当年生叶片含水量与燃烧性因子fb间存在显著的相关关系;2)偏相关简化植物防火性状后,比叶面积和叶干物质含量分别对抗燃性因子fa与燃烧性因子fb的指示性最好;3)分别基于功能性状和燃烧试验的物种抗燃性排序相似度为0.80。本研究证明,基于简易观测的植物功能性状可较好地反映树种的抗火性和燃烧性,可作为植物防火性能有效的评价方法。 相似文献
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林火对大兴安岭偃松—兴安落叶松林土壤养分的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
大兴安岭是我国林火高发区,林火对森林土壤的化学性质有着直接或间接的影响。为探明林火与土壤pH值和土壤养分的关系,本文以我国大兴安岭呼中林业局偃松-兴安落叶松林火烧迹地为研究对象,采用双因素方差分析法研究了不同火烧时间、不同火烧强度对土壤pH值和土壤养分的影响。结果表明:火烧时间相同,土壤pH值随火烧强度的增强而增大。火烧强度相同,火烧后时间越长,土壤pH值越小,但火烧迹地的土壤pH值大于未火烧的对照组;在相同火烧强度条件下,不同火烧时间(1996、2010年和未火烧)偃松-兴安落叶松林迹地的土壤养分含量不同,但未达到显著水平(P0.05);火烧时间相同,不同火烧强度条件下偃松-兴安落叶松林的土壤有机质和全氮含量存在差异(P0.05)。土壤有机质含量在轻度、中度和重度火烧条件下彼此间差异显著(P0.05),并且中度、重度火烧与未火烧之间差异显著(P0.05);未火烧、轻度火烧的土壤全N含量分别与中度、重度火烧相比差异显著(P0.05)。不同火烧时间和火烧强度下土壤pH值、全磷、全钾含量和C/N值差异不显著(P0.05)。火烧后5年(2010年火干扰)、19年(1996年火干扰)后,偃松-兴安落叶松林并未恢复至火烧前生长水平。本研究旨在找到不同火烧时间和火烧强度下土壤pH值和土壤养分的变化规律,为火烧后大兴安岭偃松-兴安落叶松林生态系统的快速有效恢复提供理论依据。 相似文献
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毛宣国 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,(5)
文学和文学理论是人们建构的产物,所以不能脱离本民族的话语传统和资源谈当代文论建设,本着这一基本认识,文章从主体性、经典阐释、修辞批评三个方面讨论了当代文论建设中传统文论资源利用问题。 相似文献
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通过对传统的生态足迹模型进行改进,计算了2014年威县各消费项目的生态足迹、生态承载力。并以生态足迹度作为循环经济发展水平的判定依据,对其进行客观、科学的量化分析。结果表明:首先,威县的人均生态足迹是1.001 5 hm~2/人,人均承载力是0.303 1hm~2/人,最终人均生态赤字为0.698 4 hm~2/人,赤字的主要原因是耕地、化石燃料地和草地的生态足迹超出了其生态承载力的范围。其次,威县循环经济发展水平的生态足迹度测度结果(EFD)为3.3,表明威县的循环经济处于劣性循环阶段,对于威县发展农牧结合循环经济而言,如何在满足现有水平的消费需求情况下保持生态的可持续发展是当前需要解决的重要问题。 相似文献
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小豆是中国北方重要的杂粮作物,在农产品出口中一直占有重要地位。由于近年来国际市场的变化,中国小豆的出口地位正面临严峻挑战。通过对河北省小豆生产、科研及市场状况的分析,从如何提高小豆国际市场竞争力、发展中国农业精品战略入手,初步探寻小豆发展的产业化道路。 相似文献