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《棉花科学》2017,(5)
为了阐明植保无人机对棉花害虫防治效果及应用前景,于2017年进行了大疆MG-1型植保无人机低空低容量喷雾和人工电动喷雾器大容量喷雾两种不同施药方式的田间药效对比试验。结果表明:相同的用药量条件下施药后3 d、7 d的防治效果,对棉叶蝉植保无人机分别为83.95%、93.21%,电动喷雾器分别为81.03%、89.94%;对棉花烟粉虱植保无人机分别为89.25%、90.45%,电动喷雾器分别为90.10%、91.37%;对棉蚜植保无人机分别为85.17%、89.72%,电动喷雾器分别为84.11%、88.07%;植保无人机作业效率是电动喷雾器的25倍,施药工资费用降低60%,防治费用成本低37.5%;植保无人机具有防治效果好、省工、省力、节约用水量、对棉花安全等优点。 相似文献
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多旋翼植保无人机是近年来新兴的植保机械,其作业高效,作业成本低廉,适应性强,可跨区域作业并且极大地减少了作业过程中与农药的接触。多旋翼植保无人机施药技术逐渐成熟,机翼旋转的下洗气流有利于在施药过程中增加药液的穿透性,并且在作业过程中不会发生对作物的碾压情况,很适宜在夏大豆生长中后期进行病虫害防治作业。结合当前国内外植保喷雾技术研究现状,在基础机型的田间试验后,对植保无人机进行运动理论分析和药箱内部流体的仿真测试,提出一种稳定的植保无人机机架结构,并对重要零部件进行仿真分析。通过Solid Works Simulation对零件进行仿真分析并优化模型,使机架平台结构变得更加稳定,设计出符合现代农业生产条件的多旋翼植保无人机。 相似文献
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无人机喷施与人工喷施棉花脱叶剂效果对比 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用植保无人机和背负式手动喷雾器在棉田喷施噻苯隆·敌草隆,比较无人机喷施和人工喷施2种不同的施药方式对脱叶剂在棉花上的应用效果的影响。结果表明,植保无人机按照90 g·hm－2、135 g·hm－2、180 g·hm－2喷施噻苯隆·敌草隆,施药后5 d,对棉花的脱叶药效显著低于同等剂量的人工喷雾处理,但施药后10～20 d,无人机喷雾处理脱叶药效逐渐提高,直至与人工喷雾处理无显著差异;无人机喷雾处理的吐絮药效也与同等剂量的人工喷雾处理相当;无人机喷雾处理对棉花产量主要因子铃重、衣分和纤维品质主要指标无明显不利影响。因此,采用植保无人机喷施噻苯隆·敌草隆可以达到理想的脱叶、催熟效果。 相似文献
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P20植保无人机作业参数优化及其施药对棉蚜防效评价 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
为明确适合麦盖提垦区防治棉田蚜虫的高效技术,以P20植保无人机、常规机力牵引式喷雾机的2种喷施方式以及不同药剂剂型（超低容量剂和乳油）为研究对象,探讨不同施药方式及农药剂型对棉蚜的防治效果。结果表明：P20植保无人机飞行高度为3 m、飞行速度为5 m·s－1时施药,对棉蚜有较好的控制作用,且对棉花安全,无药害。吡虫啉超低容量剂的防效大于吡虫啉乳油,高剂量的吡虫啉超低容量剂处理防效高于低剂量;机力牵引式喷杆喷雾机施药效果好于无人机喷药防效。 相似文献
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无人机施药液量对棉花脱叶效果的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以全丰3WQF120-12型植保无人机喷施540 g·L－1“棉海”悬浮剂和40%（质量分数）乙烯利水剂,设计不同施药液量处理,研究植保无人机不同施药液量对棉花脱叶效果的影响。结果表明：（1）第1次施药后5～7 d,不同无人机处理的脱叶率随施药液量提高而上升,施药液量为22.5 L·hm－2时脱叶效果最佳;（2）从第2次药后13 d（第1次药后20 d）的脱叶效果来看,第2次施药液量为22.5 L·hm－2时脱叶效果最好,脱叶率在92.70%～97.02%,脱叶效果优于第2次施药量为15 L·hm－2和18 L·hm－2的处理;（3）植保无人机采用3种施药量喷施脱叶剂对棉花主要产量构成因素和棉花纤维品质没有显著影响。该研究可为植保无人机喷施棉花脱叶剂施药液量选择提供参考。 相似文献
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为评估植保无人飞机在茶园应用的可行性,在茶园测试了无人飞机施药的雾滴沉积分布、对小贯小绿叶蝉（Empoasca onuki）防治效果,以及6种农药在茶叶中残留量。结果表明,供试的无人飞机喷雾喷头、飞防助剂对无人飞机喷雾的雾滴沉积分布影响不显著。无人飞机施药的雾滴大小、雾滴密度、沉积量等均优于背负式电动喷雾器,但无人飞机施药的均匀性较差。常规用水量下,其药液沉积量的变异系数是常规背负式电动喷雾器的2.40倍。相同用药量、常规用水量下,无人飞机喷施虫螨腈对小贯小绿叶蝉的防效与背负式电动喷雾器相当。但当无人飞机作业用药量减少25%后,防效显著降低,仅为背负式电动喷雾器施药的58.70%。相同用药量、常规用水量下,无人飞机喷施虫螨腈、溴氰菊酯、茚虫威等6种化学农药后7 d,干茶中的农药残留量是背负式电动喷雾器施药1.20~2.44倍。鉴于无人飞机施药可显著提高茶叶中农药残留水平,茶园中推广、应用无人飞机施药应需谨慎。 相似文献
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水稻无人飞播技术是一种近年来随着无人机产业蓬勃发展而新兴的播种技术,它以农用无人机为作业平台完成水稻种子播种任务,具有作业效率高、工作强度低、使用成本低、智能化程度高的特点,同时可兼容田间信息获取和施肥撒药任务,能够与其他智能化、“无人化”农业装备互联,实现农场智能化生产。水稻无人飞播技术体系是地面水稻无人播种机械化体系的重要补充,为我国水稻种植“无人化”提供强大动力。本文从无人飞播方面浅谈了未来水稻优质丰产“无人化”栽培技术体系,并对该体系提出展望。 相似文献
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人工神经网络及其在小麦等作物病虫害预测中的应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
人工神经网络（ANN）是人工智能领域中发展迅速的信息处理技术之一。它能够处理高度非线性问题,具有跟踪性能好、适用面广、容错能力强等优点。近年来人工神经网络模型开始逐渐应用于植物病虫害预测预报,并对多种植物病虫害预测预报取得了良好效果,已成为植物病虫害预测预报的一条新途径。本文简要介绍了人工神经网络的发展过程和基本原理,对其在小麦等作物病虫害预测中的应用作了综述。并在此基础上,就人工神经网络在作物病虫害预测中的应用进行了展望。 相似文献
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随着加工技术的快速发展，油料饼粕简单直接的低值化应用已经无法满足产业的需求，如何将其合理转
化为高附加值产品是当前社会亟需解决的问题。固体发酵技术由于具有高效、节能、环保等优势而备受关注。近
年来，越来越多的研究者针对油料饼粕的特性，利用高通量筛选、代谢工程和人工诱变等方法获得了大量能够有效
利用油料饼粕的微生物，以合成高附加值微生物代谢产物，如酶、抗生素、多不饱和脂肪酸、多肽等。本文综述了固
体发酵技术在油料饼粕合成高附加值微生物代谢产物中的关键影响因素，包括微生物种类、油料饼粕种类和营养
特性、发酵工艺、以及高附加值产物分类等，讨论了固体发酵技术在油料饼粕应用中存在的问题，为油料饼粕等一
大类农业副产物的高值化转化提供了新的思路和展望。 相似文献
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《Field Crops Research》2006,96(1):2-12
Common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., is widely cropped by small farmers in the northwest of Spain. The emergence and establishment of common beans are affected by insects, soil fungi and crust formation. The objective of this study was to determine if seed pesticide application and sowing techniques improve bean yield. This work was carried out during 1998 and 1999 in the province of León, Spain. A split-split-plot design with three replications was used. The main plot was bean cultivar (“Riñón de León” and “Canela”), the subplot was the application system of pesticides (untreated, treatment on seed before sowing and treatment on seed during sowing) and the sub-subplot was the sowing technique (sowing in raised beds, sowing on the flat without adding substrate, sowing on the flat adding sawdust and sowing on the flat adding vermiculite). The plant population density at harvest and yield was improved by pesticide application and by addition of substrate in the seed row. Yield increase was caused by a higher plant population density at harvest. The sowing techniques had a greater influence on plant population density at harvest and bean yield than the pesticide treatment carried out for its protection. Seed pesticide application improved number of pods per plant and 1000-seed weight. 相似文献
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A small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that can spray pesticide with high efficiency and with no damage to crops is required for the timely and effective spraying of small fields and/or those in hilly mountains. The current study aimed to illuminate the influence of spraying parameters, such as operation height and operation velocity, of the UAV on droplet deposition on the rice canopy and protection efficacy against plant hoppers. Droplets of 480 g l−1 chlorpyrifos·(Regent EC) (at a dose of 432 g a.i. ha−1, spray volume rate of approximately 15 l ha−1) were collected using water-sensitive paper, and the coverage rates of the droplets on the rice canopy and lower layer were statistically analyzed. The deposition and distribution of droplets in the late stage of rice growth were closely related to the operational height and velocity of crop spraying as executed by the UAV, further affecting insect control. The spraying parameters for preventing plant hoppers were then optimized. When the spraying height was 1.5 m and the spraying velocity 5 m s−1, the droplet deposition in the lower layer was maximized, and the droplets exhibited the most uniform distribution (CV = 23%). The insecticidal efficacy was 92%–74% from 3 to 10 days after spraying insecticide. Both the insecticidal efficacy and the persistence period were greater than those achieved with a hand lance operated from a stretcher-mounted sprayer (at dose of 432 g a.i. ha−1, spray volume rate of approximately 750 l ha−1), especially on the 5th day, indicating that UAV had a low-volume and highly concentrated spray pattern to enhance the duration of efficacy. This work offers a basis for the optimized design, improved performance, and rational application of UAV. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1):285-302
Summary Mycorrhizae refer to an association (largely symbiotic) between plants and fungi that colonize the cortical root tissue of most agricultural crops during the period of active plant growth. The contribution of these symbioses to plant growth and soil fertility maintenance has been well-recognized for past several years. In spite of these benefits to agriculture, at present, the realization of the full potential of these fungi has not yet been reached. It must also be recognized that recent research on the possible application of the mycorrhizal symbiosis in agriculture has revealed many gaps in knowledge of fungal biology and ecology. Scientific knowledge on the role of these fungi in plant development and protection, soil stabilization, aggregate formation and creation of nutrient reserves is still limited. For efficient use and manipulation of these fungal symbioses for long-term agricultural stability and productivity, our understanding of their physiology, function and interactions with existing crops and environmental conditions should be improved. Besides, effects of different agronomic practices, application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides on their ecology and function should be elucidated before their successful utilization in agriculture. This paper presents information on the morphology of different my-corrhizal fungi, their physiology and functions. Methods presently used to produce mycorrhizal inocula, their application in the field, problems to be resolved for their massive exploitation and future research needs have also been described. References have been selected to explain the recent advances in our understanding on these beneficial fungi. 相似文献
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昆虫性信息素配备新型飞蛾诱捕器群集诱杀水稻二化螟的效果研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对新型飞蛾干式诱捕器诱捕效率进行了测试,从6月20日至9月20日,共调查13次,累计诱蛾量8 605头,平均每台诱捕器诱蛾344头。性诱剂处理区、施药区和不施药区虫伤株率分别为为1.77%、1.19%和81.90%,枯鞘率分别为1.11%、0.65%和14.68%,白穗率分别为1.87%、0.35%和38.83%。性诱剂防治效果95.18%,比药剂防效低3.92个百分点。就本试验结果来看,新型诱捕器操作简便,易于维护,使性信息素大面积诱杀二化螟的可行性提高。 相似文献