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1.
4种石斑鱼亲缘关系的RAPD分析 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
采用9个引物,对湛江沿海野生蜂巢石斑鱼、鲑点石斑鱼、点带石斑鱼及黑边石斑鱼的基因组DNA进行了RAPD分析,研究结果表明:蜂巢石斑鱼、鲑点石斑鱼、点带石斑鱼及黑边石斑鱼种间遗传距离(Dij)分别为0 4009(蜂巢石斑鱼-鲑点石斑鱼)、0 4805(蜂巢石斑鱼-点带石斑鱼)、0 5703(蜂巢石斑鱼-黑边石斑鱼)、0 4409(鲑点石斑鱼-点带石斑鱼)、0 4561(鲑点石斑鱼-黑边石斑鱼)及0 4729(点带石斑鱼-黑边石斑鱼);用UPGMA法对这4种石斑鱼进行聚类分析可知,蜂巢石斑鱼与鲑点石斑鱼首先聚在一起(0 4009),而后蜂巢石斑鱼-鲑点石斑鱼与点带石斑鱼聚在一起(0 4611),最后,蜂巢石斑鱼-鲑点石斑鱼-点带石斑鱼再与黑边石斑鱼聚在一起(0 4951)。在所研究的类群中,蜂巢石斑鱼和鲑点石斑鱼有较近的亲缘关系。 相似文献
2.
四种石斑鱼氨基酸组成的研究 总被引：30，自引：1，他引：30
测定分析了采用于我国南海不同海域的鲑点石斑鱼、蜂巢石斑鱼、黑边石斑鱼和巨石斑鱼６４个标本的１８种氨基酸含量。结果表明，石斑鱼肌肉中氨基酸总含量、必需氨基酸含量和鲜味氨基酸含量均较高。氨基酸组成的种间和分布海域间的差异不大，而肌肉、卵巢、肝脏、骨骼、鳞片和皮肤等不同组织（器官）间的变化较大，石斑鱼氨基酸组成存在月际变化现象，且随体长的增长而变化。天然的与养殖的石斑鱼氨基酸组成也有一定差异。这４种石斑 相似文献
3.
针对2013年和2014年采自青岛胶州湾的209尾铠平鲉(Sebastes hubbsi)样本开展了年龄、生长和种群繁殖力研究。耳石轮纹结构的年龄鉴定结果显示,铠平鲉的年龄分布范围为1~+~7~+龄,2~+~4~+龄为优势年龄组(77.5%)。体长与体重呈幂函数关系:W=8×10~(-5) L~(2.797)(R~2=0.861)。Von Bertalanffy体长生长方程为L_t=131.4×[1-e~(-0.269(t+2.697))],体重生长方程为W_t=63.6×[1-~(e-0.269(t+2.697))]~(2.797)。其生长过程可分为3个阶段:(1)1~+~3~+龄为快速生长期;(2)3~+~6~+龄为成熟稳定期;(3)6~+龄以后为高龄衰老期。所采样本的性比(2.12︰1)明显偏离1︰1(P0.05),雌性个体样本数在各体长段均高于雄性个体。性腺指数(GSI)和肝脏指数(HSI)变化趋势相反,肝脏可能为其性腺发育提供物质基础和能量来源。绝对怀卵量波动于482~6166粒,平均值为3266粒;相对体长怀卵量显著低于卵生鱼类,表明卵胎生鱼类体内胚胎发育、孵化的护卵方式可能使其以较少的怀卵量即可维持种的延续。结合拐点年龄对应的拐点体重及50%性成熟体长,建议以体长80 mm、体重20 g作为铠平鲉的开捕标准,以维护青岛胶州湾铠平鲉资源的可持续利用。 相似文献
4.
为了解恒定高温对赤点石斑鱼(Epinephelus akaara)生长和繁殖的影响, 以孵化后120~420 日龄的幼鱼为研究对象, 对性腺发育以及与繁殖相关的基因gnrh、fshβ和lhβ表达进行了研究。对照组为自然水温(13.2~27.1 ℃)饲养, 实验组为26 ℃恒温饲养。每隔30 d或40 d采样1次, 比较两组中鱼的体长、体重、性腺指数(GSI)、性腺发育情况以及gnrh、fshβ和lhβ基因表达的差异。结果表明, 从240日龄开始, 实验组鱼的体长和体重均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。实验结束时, 实验组体长约为对照组的1.3倍, 体重约为对照组的2倍。对照组GSI一直维持在0.25%以下的低值, 实验组GSI在330日龄前处于0.4%以下, 但在360日龄时出现GSI 1%以上的个体。在360、390和420日龄的个体中, 实验组GSI显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。实验结束时, 对照组中未检测到具有卵黄形成期卵母细胞的个体, 但实验组在330、360和390日龄出现了具有卵黄成熟期卵母细胞的个体。对照组和实验组间幼鱼脑中gnrh基因表达在各年龄段均无显著性差异(P>0.05), 但脑垂体中fshβ表达在360、390和420日龄, lhβ在390和420日龄时, 实验组均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究表明, 26 ℃恒温调节不仅能促进赤点石斑鱼幼鱼体长、体重和GSI的增加, 同时也能显著提高脑垂体中fshβ和lhβ基因含量, 从而加速性腺发育成熟。 相似文献
5.
云龙石斑鱼与云纹石斑鱼、珍珠龙胆石斑鱼的生长性状及对比分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了对云纹石斑鱼与鞍带石斑鱼的杂交种云龙石斑鱼生长特性进行分析,本研究对工厂化养殖条件下云龙石斑鱼与云纹石斑鱼、珍珠龙胆石斑鱼的生长特性进行了对比。通过云龙石斑鱼家系与云纹石斑鱼家系建立和培育,对不同家系的受精率、正常发育率和畸形率进行统计;分别对45~245日龄的云龙石斑鱼与云纹石斑鱼的生长性状进行了测量;分别对云龙石斑鱼与珍珠龙胆石斑鱼在生长时间跨度为2~13月龄的生长性状进行测量,并于13月龄时统计成活率(苗种为2016年繁育);利用单因素方差分析法和多重比较分析对测定的生长性状进行比较分析,同时利用Excel软件拟合云龙石斑鱼、云纹石斑鱼的生长曲线。结果显示,杂交种云龙石斑鱼受精率平均为55.5%±26.7%,正常发育率平均为33.9%±23.6%,畸形率平均为8.3%±0.9%。至245日龄时云龙石斑鱼体长、体质量的平均值分别为(22.5±1.7) cm、(316.7±57.3) g,云纹石斑鱼的体长与体质量的平均值分别为(16.8±1.3) cm、(123.2±30.2) g,云龙石斑鱼比云纹石斑鱼生长快,云龙石斑鱼的体长为云纹石斑鱼的1.3倍,体质量为云纹石斑鱼的2.6倍。云龙石斑鱼在45~245日龄阶段的生长曲线为W=0.039 2L2.891 2(R2=0.986 9),云纹石斑鱼生长曲线为W=0.025 5L3.021 6 (R2=0.990 8),在本阶段云龙石斑鱼为异速生长型,云纹石斑鱼为等速生长型。经过12个月的对比养殖,云龙石斑鱼成活率为97.2%,珍珠龙胆石斑鱼的成活率为93.2%~94.5%,云龙石斑鱼全长与体质量平均值分别为(35.3±4.1) cm、(700.0±247.2) g,珍珠龙胆石斑鱼全长与体质量平均值分别为(28.6±3.5) cm、(550.0±224.8) g,云龙石斑鱼体质量是珍珠龙胆石斑鱼的1.3倍,全长为1.2倍。研究表明,云纹石斑鱼(♀)×鞍带石斑鱼(♂)是一个比较理想的杂交组合,杂交后代云龙石斑鱼具有生长快、畸形率低、成活率高的杂交优势,为杂种优势的研究提供了基础材料,同时也为新品种云龙石斑鱼的推广提供了科学依据。 相似文献
6.
南海主要珊瑚礁(鱼旨)科鱼类的组成与分布 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1998年3~5月和1999年5~6月,采用手钓、延绳钓和刺网3种作业方式在西沙的浪花礁、华光礁、琛航岛、永兴岛、北礁和南沙的渚碧礁、南薰礁、东门礁、美济礁、赤瓜礁、永署礁、华阳礁等12座珊瑚礁水域进行了2个航次的鱼类资源调查,捕获科鱼类6属25种,渔获量计942尾256.4kg;其中在南沙调查区捕获6属22种,共641尾205.5kg,优势种依次为尾纹九棘鲈、蜂巢石斑鱼、六角石斑鱼、黑边石斑鱼;在西沙调查区捕获6属14种,共301尾50.9kg,优势种依次为尾纹九棘鲈、六角石斑鱼、黑边石斑鱼、蜂巢石斑鱼,同时分析了主要种类尾纹九棘鲈、六角石斑鱼和蜂巢石斑鱼的生物学特征。 相似文献
7.
为了研究温度调控及不同营养强化剂对云纹石斑鱼血清性激素水平的影响,选取270尾体型匀称,平均体质量(5.20±0.15)kg,体长(75.11±0.60)cm的云纹石斑鱼亲鱼为实验对象。自2015年3月份开始逐渐升高水温进行温度调控,由初始水温15℃逐渐升温至6月初的23℃,并一直保持稳定到产卵结束。在升温期间保证充足的光照,同时,实验组分别添加美国产虾青素以及日本产营养强化剂进行营养强化。结果表明:通过温度调控和营养强化,云纹石斑鱼亲鱼性腺发育良好,血清中雌二醇(E2)和睾酮(T)的含量均在6月份达到最大值;投喂营养强化剂的实验组血清中两种性激素的水平明显高于对照组,且添加虾青素营养强化的实验组与空白对照组相比呈现具统计学意义(P0.05)。研究发现:对温度及光照的合理调控能有效地促进云纹石斑鱼性腺的发育,添加营养强化剂能明显的提高云纹石斑鱼血清中雌二醇和睾酮两种性激素的含量。 相似文献
8.
探究中华花鳅(Cobitis sinensis)的繁殖生物学特性,可为其人工增养殖和资源保护利用提供科学依据。2017年11月至2018年5月,在贵州境内舞阳河施秉段采集中华花鳅样本381尾,以鳞片作为年龄鉴定材料,将样本解剖后进行性别鉴定和性腺分期。结果表明,舞阳河中华花鳅体长(L)为58.9~100.2 mm,体重(W)为2.0~13.7 g,年龄在1~4龄。381尾样本中,性别不可辨样本有23尾,雄248尾,雌110尾,性腺发育至IV期最多。经肉眼观察发现,中华花鳅的精巢和卵巢均可分为6期,有70尾雌鱼性腺发育达到IV期,其绝对繁殖力(F)为542~2 865粒,体长相对繁殖力(FL)为6.6~28.6粒/mm,体重相对繁殖力(FW)为99.8~490.7粒/g;绝对繁殖力(F)、体长相对繁殖力(FL)均与体长(L)、体重(W)、净体重(W0)、性腺重(W1)、成熟系数(GSI)之间具有极显著相关性(P<0.01),体重相对繁殖力(FW)与性腺重(W1)、成熟系数(GSI)之间具有极显著相关性(P<0.01)。实地调查发现,中华花鳅的产卵场主要在砂质底质、水质清新、水流较缓、水草丰富的浅水区,繁殖期为5-8月,繁殖高峰期为5月中旬至6月上旬。研究显示,中华花鳅的繁殖力较低,繁殖高峰期时间较短,低龄化严重,亟需对其进行资源保护和系统研究。 相似文献
9.
大黄鱼性腺性别分化的组织学观察 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
利用组织学方法研究了大黄鱼的性腺分化和发育规律。大黄鱼受精卵于2009年9月22日开始孵化,孵化水温26℃,育苗水温22.0~25.8℃,养殖水温11.5~25.6℃。20日龄稚鱼(体长17.6~19.2 mm)腹腔中一对原始性腺已经形成。55日龄幼鱼(体长27.5~37.0 mm)半数个体性腺中形成成簇发育的卵原细胞群,标志着卵巢解剖学分化开始。减数分裂和卵巢腔的形成同时开始于60日龄(体长28.0~37.2 mm)。120日龄幼鱼(体长39.2~51.0 mm)性腺中,初级卵母细胞出现,标志着卵巢细胞学分化的开始。精巢分化开始于第95日龄(体长38.0~48.0 mm),其解剖学标志为生精导管的形成及体细胞在性腺中的散布方式。145～195日龄,由于水温过低,鱼苗停止生长,期间性腺发育水平没有明显变化。215日龄幼鱼(体长44.0~59.2 mm)性腺中精母细胞的出现标志着精巢细胞学分化的开始。精小叶于230日龄(体长56.2~72.8 mm)形成。由此可见,大黄鱼雌性性腺发育早于雄性性腺,且大黄鱼性腺分化类型属于分化型雌雄异体型。 相似文献
10.
珍珠龙胆石斑鱼、斑石雕鱼工厂化养殖成功 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《河北渔业》2015,(11)
<正>唐山市曹妃甸区会达水产养殖有限公司于2014年8月引进7~8cm的珍珠龙胆石斑鱼12 000尾、斑石鲷3 500尾。经过一年的养殖,成活率98%,斑石鲷平均体长17cm,体重400g;珍珠龙胆石斑鱼平均体长25cm,体重750g,目前开始上市销售。珍珠龙胆石斑鱼,又称老虎斑或珍珠斑,是人工培育的龙胆石斑和老虎斑的杂交种,集父本龙胆石斑鱼生长速度快和母本老虎斑的肉质细腻、抗病能力强等优点于一身,其主要特点:一是生长速度快,养殖10月体重就能达到1kg,养殖两年可达到3kg。二是适应环境能力强。适 相似文献
11.
The gonadal sex differentiation in red sea bream, Pagrus major, which is one of the most important species for aquaculture in Japan, was revealed histologically. The suitable conditions for induction of all-male groups in the fish were investigated, and functional males were induced by the conditions of oral administration of 17α-methyltestosterone. The sex determination of this fish was also discussed. 相似文献
12.
Norhidayat Kamaruzzaman Nguyen Hong Nguyen A. Hamzah & Raul W. Ponzoni 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(6):720-728
The growth performance of three experimental groups consisting of mixed sex fish (control), hormone-treated fish and progeny of YY male tilapia, all originated from the genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) strain was evaluated. Masculinization of sexually undifferentiated fry was achieved by providing a supplement of 5 mg of 17-α-methyltestosterone per kg of feed over a period of 21 days (after sac absorption). Both mixed sex and progeny of YY male groups were fed a standard commercial ration. Mixed sex fish did not deviate significantly ( P >0.05) from the 1:1 male to female ratio. Percentages of male averaged 75% in hormone-treated fish and 95% in YY male group over the sampling periods and at final harvest. The effect of sex on weight and length was statistically significant ( P <0.001). The model used to analyse weight and length included experimental group and sex in each culture period as the fixed effects, and replicate cages as the random effect. Over the culture period of 141 days, there were no statistical differences ( P >0.05) in body weight and length between mixed sex, hormonally treated and progeny of YY males. There were also no significant differences in level of variability in harvest weight between three groups of fish when the data were classified into five categories (=<100, 100 to <150, 150 to <200, 200 to <250 and ≥250 g). It is concluded that monosex culture of all male tilapia would be of no advantage over mixed sex culture for the GIFT strain under conditions of cages suspended in earthen ponds. 相似文献
13.
温度对杂合克隆牙鲆性别分化、性比和生长的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以有丝分裂雌核发育牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)中的雄性和雌性作为父母本,进行人工授精获得杂合克隆牙鲆。从35日龄起,实验鱼类分别在16、19、22、25、28和31℃水温下培育至110日龄,观察其性别分化、性比和生长的差异。结果表明,性别分化与培育水温密切相关,在22、25和28℃水温下,60日龄开始性别分化;在16℃和19℃下,分别在70日龄和90日龄开始性别分化;而31℃下,110日龄仍未发生性别分化。通过180尾标本的组织切片观察,各温度下的杂合克隆牙鲆均为雌鱼,未发现雄鱼,表明高水温没有改变雌性性别。对于全长和体质量的生长,除31℃外,其他各实验组随着水温升高而生长加快;但是,55日龄后,25℃下的生长超过28℃,成为生长最快的温度。本实验结果证明杂合克隆牙鲆性别分化随水温升高而加快;性别比例不受温度影响,全部为雌性;25℃下牙鲆生长最快。 相似文献
14.
S. Miura T. Komatsu M. Higa R.K. Bhandari S. Nakamura M. Nakamura 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2003,28(1-4):165-166
To clarify the process of sex differentiation in protandrous anemone fish, histological structure of their gonads was examined from 1 day to 214 days after hatching (dah). Gonadal development was first characterized by differentiation of ovarian tissues at 61 dah, followed by interspersed appearance of testicular tissues in the ovary at 214 dah. 相似文献
15.
Morphology, endocrinology, and environmental modulation of gonadal sex differentiation in teleost fishes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Successful reproduction by an adult depends on the normal ontogenesis of the gonads, a complex process of cellular and histological
differentiation that starts early in life. This process is theoretically predetermined by genetic factors and includes sensitisation
of the bipotential gonads to endogenous endocrine factors prior to, during and even after commitment to maleness or femaleness.
However, young fish are relatively vulnerable to a host of environmental (physical and chemical) factors that can affect this
endogenous endocrine axis, disturbing or even overriding the putative developmental pathway. This sexually lability can be
exploited to our advantage for the production of monosex fish populations of the most valuable sex for food production or
aquarium fish trade. On the other hand, it represents also a potential path for undesirable influences from endocrine-disrupting
chemicals and climatic factors, particularly environmental temperature. This paper provides a detailed account of the early
histological process of gonadal sex differentiation, with special reference to gonochoristic species, and reviews the criteria
employed to positively identify ovarian and testicular differentiation. It also reviews the development of endocrine competence
and sensitivity of the differentiating gonads to exogenous influences in the context of the relative stability of genotypic
sex determination in various fish species. Sex differentiation in some species seems to be under strong genetic control and
may not require endogenous sex steroid production. Conversely, reliance on endogenous sex steroids for gonadal differentiation
is observed in other species and this phenomenon is apparently associated with a higher incidence of environment (mainly temperature)-labile
sex differentiation.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
16.
17.
Y. Nagahama 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2005,31(2-3):105-109
We have used various genetic and molecular approaches to investigate the mechanisms of sex determination and gonadal sex differentiation
in fish. DMY was identified as the sex-determining gene of medaka. In tilapia, endogenous estrogens act as natural inducers of ovarian
differentiation, while DMRT1 may be important for testicular differentiation. The roles of these regulators in sex determination and gonadal sex differentiation
were ascertained using a gene or hormonal blockade strategy. 相似文献
18.
M. Nagae M. Okunaga R. Hidaka N. Ohkubo T. Matsubara 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2003,28(1-4):215-216
Two types of cDNAs encoding carp SHBGs were isolated and characterized. Northern blot analysis showed their mRNAs distributed mainly in liver, and mRNA levels were almost constant during annual reproductive cycle. This result suggests SHBG synthesis is independent of serum steroid concentration. 相似文献
19.
20.
Toru Kobayashi Ryo Ishibashi Shinji Yamamoto Satoshi Otani Koichi Ueno Osamu Murata 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(2):230-239
The timing of primordial germ‐cell (PGC) migration with regard to the gonadal anlagen, gonad formation and sex differentiation was examined histologically in the chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) at 5–190 days post hatching (dph). At 5 dph, PGCs appeared on the peritoneal epithelium surface or in the mesentery, on the dorsal side of the abdominal cavity. By 10 dph, stromal cells around the PGCs proliferated. The gonadal primordium was formed by 15 dph. The gonadosomatic index was 0.01% at 30 dph and increased thereafter (0.32% in females and 0.04% in males at 160 dph). Ovarian differentiation occurred at 30–40 dph, indicated by ovarian cavity formation (elongation and fusion of the upper and lower ovarian edges). Meiosis was subsequently initiated. A few meiotic oocytes surrounded the cavity at 50 dph; most were in the perinucleolus stage at 60 dph and attained a diameter of 60–70 μm at 190 dph. Testicular differentiation occurred at 30 dph, indicated by the formation of the sperm duct primordium. Spermatogonia gradually proliferated, developing into spermatocytes at the chromatin–nucleolus stage (after 90 dph) and subsequently into spermatids and spermatozoa (160 dph). These data could aid the development of seeding and cell‐engineering technologies for scombrid fish. 相似文献