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1.
G. R. Mackay 《Euphytica》1977,26(2):511-519
Summary Forage rape. B. napus, is self-compatible, the work described illustrates the introgression of functional incompatibility alleles into B. napus from turnips, B. campestris, in two generations. By grading seed, produced by backcrossing turnip/rape hybrids to rape, the frequency of 2n=38 semi articial B. napus recovered, amply justifies the cytological screening involved in such breeding programmes. 相似文献
2.
Summary Heterosis and inbreeding depression for total fresh and dry weights were studied over two seasons in 15 crosses of six cultivars of forage rape (Brassica napus L.). Some of the hybrids exhibited considerable heterosis over both mid-parent and better parent; followed by depression in the F2. The cross Windal × Canard had 62% and 25% greater dry matter yield over the best cultivar used in this experiment in 1978 and 1979, respectively. Possibilities of the utilization of this hybrid superiority are discussed. 相似文献
3.
Embryo rescue techniques were used to obtain hybrids between Sinapis alba L. (white mustard) and Brassica napus L. (oilseed rape) with the goal of improving the disease tolerance of oilseed rape. Hybrid plants with 31 or 43 chromosomes were only recovered, when S. alba, was used as the female parent. One hybrid was obtained from the cross S. alba L. cv. ‘Kirby’×B. napus L. cv. ‘Topas’, while 26 hybrids were obtained, when various S. alba L. cultivars were pollinated with the rapid cycling B. napus line CrGC 5006. All F1, hybrid plants were male sterile; however, the first generation backcross to B. napus L., also obtained by embryo rescue, produced plants with 50 chromosomes and 61–84 % pollen viability. Second backcross generation seed was produced by normal sexual crossing. Preliminary cytological analyses of pollen mother cells of hybrid plants suggests the possibility of genetic exchange between the two species. 相似文献
4.
T. D. Johnston 《Euphytica》1974,23(3):681-683
Summary Resistance to clubroot race 3 was successfully transferred from the Flemish turnip variety Waaslander to rape variety Nevin by the production of the fertile species B. napocampestris followed by backcrossing to Nevin. The recovery of the recurrent parent type appears to be very rapid, necessitating possibly only generations of backcrossing. 相似文献
5.
T. D. Johnston 《Euphytica》1971,20(1):81-85
Summary The relative yields of spaced plants of inbred lines derived from different seed stock of forage rape were compared with F1 hybrids among these lines. The hybrids between inbred lines derived from the same parental seed stock showed a mean superiority of 8.8% and the hybrids between inbreds from different stocks showed 19.6% superiority over the inbred lines in early vegetative growth. This hybrid superiority is discussed in relation to the development of superior varieties. 相似文献
6.
Inheritance of progoitrin and total aliphatic glucosinolate concentrations were investigated in oilseed rape, using parental,
F1, F2 and first backcross generations, derived from a cross between resynthesized spring rape and a double-low spring rape cultivar.
Progoitrin and total aliphatic glucosinolate concentrations were measured in mature seeds of single plants from these generations,
using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. For progoitrin, an additive/dominance model of gene action adequately
explained the variation among the generation means, but for total aliphatic glucosinolate concentration, non-allelic interactions
were also detected. Predictions based on estimates of the genetic parameters indicated that recombinant inbred lines, rather
than second cycle hybrids, appeared to offer a better prospect of reducing glucosinolate concentrations in this material.
Estimates of the minimum number of genes controlling these two characters were broadly in line with the number required for
the known stages of their biosynthesis.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
S. Gowers 《Euphytica》1982,31(3):971-976
Summary Four oil-seed rape lines were crossed with a clubroot resistant Brassica campestris line from the European Clubroot Differential sct. The allotriploid hybrids were backcrossed to the rape lines to introgress clubroot resistance into oil-seed rape. Using a combination of screening for disease resistance and chromosome number, a high proportion of 38-chromosome, clubroot resistant selections were obtained. 相似文献
8.
The commercial utilization of heterosis in seed yield by means of hybrid varieties is of great importance for increasing oilseed rape production in China. This requires a functional system for the production of hybrid seed. The Brassica napus oilseed rape line 9012AB is a recessive epistatic genic male sterility (GMS) two‐type line, in which the sterility is controlled by two pairs of recessive duplicate sterile genes (ms1 and ms2) interacting with one pair of a recessive epistatic inhibitor gene (rf). Homozygosity at the rf locus (rfrf) inhibits the expression of the recessive male sterility trait in homozygous ms1ms1ms2ms2 plants. This study was conducted to identify molecular markers for one of the male fertility/sterility loci in the B. napus male sterility line 9012AB. Sterile bulk (BS) and fertile bulk (BF) DNA samples prepared from male sterile and male fertile plants of the homozygous two‐type line 9012AB were subjected to amplified fragment length polymorphic (AFLP) analysis. A total of 256 primer combinations were used and seven markers tightly linked to one recessive genic male sterile gene (ms) were identified. Among them, six fragments co‐segregated with the target gene in the tested population, and the other one had a genetic distance of 4.3 cM. The markers identified in this study will greatly enhance the utilization of recessive GMS for the production of hybrid seed in B. napus oilseed rape in China. 相似文献
9.
Screening of 212 spring type Brassica napus lines carrying B genome chromosome additions and introgressions from B. nigra, B. juncea and B. carinata resulted in the identification of one line segregating for resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans (anamorph Phoma lingam) at the seedling (cotyledon) stage. This line was derived from an interspecific hybrid containing the B genome of B. juncea. Trypan blue staining of cotyledons from resistant individuals demonstrated a hypersensitive response which is delayed in plants with intermediate lesion size. Genetic analysis supported the hypothesis of a monogenic recessive inheritance of resistance. The resistance gene, termed rjlm2, is effective in spring and winter type oilseed rape backgrounds against all tested virulent pathotypes, including two isolates which have been shown to overcome two dominant (race‐specific) B genome‐derived resistance genes in B. napus. 相似文献
10.
Muhammad Rashid John G. Hampton Martin L. Shaw M. Philip Rolston Khan Mir Khan Dave J. Saville 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2020,206(1):101-117
A short period (240°C hr; Tb = 25°C) of heat stress (30°C day/25°C night) during forage rape (Brassica napus L.) seed development or at seed physiological maturity can reduce seed vigour, but the extent of oxidative damage associated with this short heat stress was not known. Heat-stressed seeds were assessed for malondialdehyde (MDA) content, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation, antioxidant enzyme activity, adenylate energy charge and seed ultrastructural integrity, and compared with that of non-heat-stressed seeds. Heat stress increased both MDA content and H2O2 accumulation by 35%–50%, reduced antioxidant enzyme activity by between 12% and 67%, and significantly reduced adenosine energy charge. Transmission electron microscope images showed clear evidence of seed deterioration in heat-stressed seeds, including ruptures in cell wall and plasma membranes, fused lipid bodies and damaged mitochondria. Heat stress at physiological maturity caused more oxidative damage than the same heat stress during seed development. Seed vigour decreased as H2O2 accumulation increased and antioxidant enzyme activity decreased, but no direct relationship between lipid peroxidation and seed vigour was established. The extent of damage resulting from even shorter periods of heat stress (<240°C hr) before or at seed physiological maturity requires investigation. 相似文献
11.
Summary Microspore embryogenesis technology allows plant breeders to efficiently generate homozygous micros-pore-derived breeding populations of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) without traditional generations of inbreeding. This study was conducted to compare the frequency distribution of microspore-derived population and single seed descent populations with respect to fatty acids of seed oil. Both microspore-derived populations and single seed descent populations were produced from each of three crosses made between selected parents containing contrasting amount of erucic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids. The fatty acid content of F3 plants derived lines (F5 seed) developed by single seed descent was compared to that of microspore-derived populations. The means, ranges and distribution pattern of seed fatty acid contents were similar in both populations for each fatty acid studied, although a few heterozygous lines were observed in the single seed descent populations. The results indicated that microspore-derived population form random, homozygous F1 plant derived gametic arrays for all fatty acids evaluated. Selection for altered fatty acid composition in microspore-derived and single seed descent homozygous populations should be equally efficient, in the absence of linkage of traits investigated. 相似文献
12.
Summary Hybridization between radish and oilseed rape has been cumbersome, requiring elaborate embryo rescue techniques. With a modified flower culture method, we have achieved successful hybridization between radish and (transgenic) oilseed rape without the laborious and technically demandingin vitro ovule or embryo rescue techniques.The hybrid nature of the intergeneric hybrids was demonstrated using morphological traits, and DNA analyses. The described method will facilitate the generation ofRaphanobrassica hybrids useful for biosafety studies of the potential for transgenes to spread in weedyCruciferae as well as for breeding programs aimed at introducing useful radish genes, e.g. nematode resistance genes, into oilseed rape. 相似文献
13.
Summary Isozyme patterns were used to characterize ten commercial rape seed (Brassica napus) cultivars. Extracts of cotyledons were made 4–7 days after germination and separated by electrophoresis on starch gels. A sample of more than 100 plants of each variety was analysed and stained for 4 polymorphic enzyme loci (Lap, Gpi, Acon, and Sdh). Therewith, it was possible to distinguish all ten rape varieties qualitatively by at least one typical enzyme pattern. Further, it could be demonstrated that all pairs of varieties showed clear qualitative differences in isozyme patterns, when only tow loci were screened (Acon, Sdh). Using 2 test of homogeneity all pairs of varieties differ significantly in their frequencies of isozyme patterns for Acon and in all but one for Sdh. 相似文献
14.
Effective Diploidization of Microspore-Derived Haploids of Rape (Brassica napus L.) by In Vitro Colchicine Treatment 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A technique for the in vitro colchicine treatment of microspore-derived haploids of rape (Brassica napus L.) is presented. This allows effective and time-saving chromosome doubling. The most effective method consists of an application of 50 mg/1 colchicine in a liquid B5 medium to the rooted micro-spore-derived plantlets for 4–8 days. By this treatment more than 50 % of the plants developed at least diploid sectors. A change of medium after some days may even increase this diploidization rate. 相似文献
15.
Summary An improved technique has been used for the determination of thiocyanate ion (-SCN) released on enzymatic hydrolysis of kale (B. oleracea) inbred lines and F1 hybrids. Considerable heritable variation has been found. Grazing trials have shown a relationship between -SCN in the crop and in the blood plasma of grazing sheep. 相似文献
16.
A mutant of oilseed rape (B. napus L.) with waxless leaves was discovered in 1988. Three pairs of reciprocal crosses were made between the mutant (Wl) and 3 normal wax layered lines (Nwl). By the summer planting in Kunming and Wenjiang and the autumn planting in Wenjiang, it was confirmed that the Wl character is completely dominant to the normal opposite Nwl. Chi-square tests revealed that the segregation ratios of Wl to Nwl among B1 and F2 plants fit to 1:1 and 3:1, respectively, i.e. the assumption of one gene pair. The yield of 12 hybrids, which were derived fom Wl and some Nwl lines, exceeded the check control ‘Zhong You 821’, a best cultivar in Chinese production by 19.31 % on the average. When the seedling had 3–4 leaves, both phenotypes can be accurately determined visually on the field. This material possesses potential value for studies of the genetics and breeding, as a prominent genetic marker in B. napus. 相似文献
17.
Independent Inheritance of Erucic Acid Content and Flower Colour in the C-Genome of Brassica napus L. 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
The synthetic Brassica napus L. line No7076 was obtained from a cross between yellow-flowered and zero-erucic turnip rape (B. campestris) Sv85-38301 and white-flowered and high-erucic (41.4%) B. oleracea ssp. alboglabra No6510. This synthetic B. napus is pale-flowered and has an average erucic acid content of 25.8 %. It was crossed with the yellow-flowered and zero-erucic B. napus line SvS4-2S053 and segregation of the erucic acid content and flower colour was studied in F1 and F2 generations. The high erucic acid content was controlled by a single gene in the C-genome and was additively inherited. Strong evidence was obtained in support of independent segregation of the erucic-arid content and the flower colour characters controlled by the C-genome of B. napus. 相似文献
18.
With the aim to transfer Phoma lingam resistance into rape, successful interspecific crosses were made between three oilseed rape varieties (Brassica napus) and the resistant species B. carinata and B. carinata. Although both hybrid types B. napus×B. juncea and B. napus×B. carinata showed the same high level of resistance as the respective resistant parent, the resistance could be only transferred from juncea crosses. After three backcross generations, lines morphologically undistinguishable from rape, fertile, and with a high degree of resistance were obtained. The resistance of B. carinata was practically lost in the first backcross. A possible explanation of this different behavior could be a higher recombination between the genomes B and C (juncea crosses) than between B and A (carinata crosses). The: applied embryo culture increased the yield of hybrids and first backcross plants and reduced considerably the generation time. 相似文献
19.
Heat stress during seed development affects forage brassica (Brassica napus L.) seed quality 
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下载免费PDF全文 M. Rashid J. G. Hampton M. P. Rolston K. M. Khan D. J. Saville 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2018,204(2):147-154
In two consecutive seasons, forage rape (Brassica napus L.) plants were exposed to short periods (240°C hr) of heat stress (30°C day/25°C night) during seed filling (80% seed moisture content = S1), at physiological maturity (50% seed moisture content = S2) and at both S1 plus S2 (=S3) in a Biotron before being returned to the field until seed harvest. Seeds were hand harvested at 14% seed moisture content and their quality assessed by measuring germination, seed vigour (using the accelerated ageing and conductivity tests) and seed mass (as determined by thousand seed weight). Heat stress at both S1 and S2 caused a small (<10%) but significant reduction in germination in both seasons. There was a significant heat stress timing interaction in the first but not the second season. Reductions in germination were a result of increased abnormal seedling production not seed death. All three heat stress treatments significantly reduced seed vigour, with S3>S2>S1. Seed mass was reduced by heat stress at S1 but not at S2. Variable seed vigour in high‐germinating New Zealand‐produced forage rapeseed lots is most likely explained by short periods of heat stress during seed development. 相似文献
20.
Inheritance of seed colour in Brassica campestris L. and breeding for yellow-seeded B. napus L. 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Summary Seed colour inheritance was studied in five yellow-seeded and one black-seeded B. campestris accessions. Diallel crosses between the yellow-seeded types indicated that the four var. yellow sarson accessions of Indian origin had the same genotype for seed colour but were different from the Swedish yellow-seeded breeding line. Black seed colour was dominant over yellow. The segregation patterns for seed colour in F2 (Including reciprocals) and BC1 (backcross of F1 to the yellow-seeded parent) indicated that the black seed colour was conditioned by a single dominant gene. Seed colour was mainly controlled by the maternal genotype but influenced by the interplay between the maternal and endosperm and/or embryonic genotypes. For developing yellow-seeded B. napus genotypes, resynthesized B. napus lines containing genes for yellow seed (Chen et al., 1988) were crossed with B. napus of yellow/brown seeds, or with yellow-seeded B. carinata. Yellow-seeded F2 plants were found in the crosses that involved the B. napus breeding line. However, this yellow-seeded character did not breed true up to F4. Crosses between a yellow-seeded F3 plant and a monogenomically controlled black-seeded B. napus line of resynthesized origin revealed that the black-seeded trait in the B. alboglabra genome was possibly governed by two independently dominant genes with duplicated effect. Crossability between the resynthesized B. napus lines as female and B. carinata as male was fairly high. The sterility of the F1 plants prevented further breeding progress for developing yellow-seeded B. napus by this strategy. 相似文献