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1.
桉树枝瘿姬小蜂在广州1年完成4世代,以幼虫和蛹在虫瘿内越冬,第1代至第4代的历期分别为100,64,68,133 d.在变温状态下,发育起点温度0.00±0.03℃,有效积温1776.40日度.在我国华南桉树种植区,海南岛南部和西部沿海地区为年发生5世代区,海南岛中部和北部、广东省全境、广西壮族自治区中南部地区、云南省... 相似文献
2.
桉树原是热带树种,在亚热带地区引种,不少地方获得成功,但也有失败的。本省五十年代曾大量引种桉树,在浙南沿海地区生长良好,在其他地区均有不同程度的冻害。本文作者将本省引种桉树划分为三个区,可供各地参考。Ⅰ区发展桉树是没有问题的,Ⅱ区应选择耐寒品种,进行引种驯化,Ⅲ区桉树普遍受冻,不可盲目发展。 相似文献
3.
桉树(Eucalyptus)为桃金娘科树种,原产澳洲,亚热带及温带地区大量引种栽植。我省自五十年代对桉树开始大规模引种以来,目前已在许多县市找到了适生地。桉树速生用途广,深受广大群众喜爱,从而加速了繁殖推广,不仅绿化了村庄、公路、四旁,增加陆地森林覆盖率,改善了生态环境。而且还显著地改善了平原沿海地区的缺材,少柴面貌,使桉树成为我省南部和沿海岛屿低山丘陵和平原四旁绿化的主栽树种之一。 相似文献
4.
Roger Arnold 《广西林业科学》2006,35(4):257-263
广西已建立的桉树人工林主要集中在较温暖的南部沿海地区。广西北部较冷凉的地区也有相对较小面积的桉树人工林,而且一些桉树种在该区域表现出较好的生产力。这些较冷凉地区的大部分林地都适宜进行耐寒桉树种选择研究。通过分析冷凉地区桉树人工林环境因子,结果显示,最适宜的耐寒桉为邓恩桉及柳桉的一些优良种源;在冷凉地区中较温暖的区域,巨桉(Eucalyptus grandis)的一些优良种源也是不错的选择。考虑一些树种的特性时,种植者和投资商除了注重其材积量外,更要关注它们的木材质量和纤维量。研究表明,与广西南部较炎热地区的多数桉树人工林里的桉树相比,邓恩桉(E·dunnii)具有更高的平均木材密度和纸浆量。因此,对于纸浆厂来说,邓恩桉木材将带给他们更高的效益。 相似文献
5.
桉树(Eucalyplus)原产于澳大利亚,在我国引种已有100余年的历史,在我国东南沿海地区广泛种植,由于这一地区属台风多发地区,桉树无性系抗风性选择尤为重要.国内外对桉树的抗风性已进行了许多研究[1～3],选育出一批优良抗风无性系:如华南热带农业大学早在1973年便从国内外引进了30多个桉树无性系在海南岛沿海地区进行抗风筛选试验,经多次11～12级台风袭击,选育出高产抗风的刚果12号桉(Eucalyplus ABL 12)无性系,其风害率仅为29%～79%,是当时生产应用无性系的148%[4];王国祥等[2]从广西东门林场引入30个桉树无性系到雷州半岛进行抗风性试验,经1994年3号台风的袭击,对风倒、风折率进行了调查,筛选出EC1等8个抗风性较强的优良无性系,但都未对桉树无性系的木材密度、种植株行距与抗风性之间的关系进行探讨;1995年陈少雄等[5]仅从桉树幼林株行距配置上进行了抗风性探讨.本文试图从不同桉树无性系生长指标及木材密度、造林密度、行间走向等多方面探讨桉树无性系的抗风性,为桉树抗风性育种提供依据. 相似文献
6.
基于GIS技术的区域主要桉树树种用地适宜性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
使用地理信息系统(GIS)与数学模型集成技术,以福建省现状林地、果园、茶园、牧草地、荒草地、沙地以及裸土地为评价对象,建立了评价因子空间及属性数据库。使用250m栅格为基本评价单元,对福建省主要桉树树种土地适宜性、质量进行评价。结果表明,主要受地域热量状况及低温冻害的制约,福建省桉树树种及其无性系适宜用地资源主要分布于闽南沿海地区和闽中、闽西和闽北内陆低海拔地区。 相似文献
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桉树纸浆材造林密度初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对2年生桉树纸浆材林的5种不同造林密度进行了分析和比较,得出一些桉树纸浆材造林密度的初步结论,认为3×3m的密度方式应该在沿海地区淘汰,而目前生产上广为运用的3×2m密度方式得到了肯定,并提出了短周期桉树纸浆林造林密度发展方向。 相似文献
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《中国林业》2005,(14)
印度洋海啸带来的震惊波及世界,警示着所有具有沿海版图的国家。我国大陆海岸线长达18340公里,整个沿海地区是一个自然灾害的多发区。据记载,历史上曾发生过多次海啸和频繁的风暴潮。据统计,1990年至1999年的10年间,沿海地区因此造成的直接经济损失高达2134亿元。我国在沿海地区实施沿海防护林体系建设工程,十几年来有效地改善了沿海地区的生态环境,不少地区还起到了很好的防灾减灾作用。如广西合浦县在工程建设前的1986年,第9号台风来临时,垮海堤1900处,长293.8公里,而工程实施后的1996年,15号台风来临时,强度比1986年9号台风大,却垮海堤43… 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
15.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
19.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
20.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献