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维生素E—硒缺乏症是常发生于缺硒地区幼禽,幼畜的一种代谢病。据我国饲料牧草中硒含量的分布图,黑龙江、陕西、吉林地区为严重的缺硒地区。在吉林省粮谷类饲料中硒含量为0.013～0.047ppm,玉米、大豆低于0.05ppm国际标准。因此维生素E—硒缺乏症在吉林省的家畜、家禽中时有发生。现将我场蛋鸡维生素E—硒缺乏症的诊治情况报告如下: 相似文献
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于2004年4月、7月和10月采取实地采样和实验室分析相结合的方法对青海省海南州土壤、牧草和家畜系统,进行微量元素(铜、钼、锰、锌和硒)盈缺分析,表明该地区秋季牧草中铜浓度为3.77±2.15 mg/kg,冬春季绵羊被毛中铜浓度为1.94±0.35mg/kg,低于健康绵羊被毛中铜浓度3.68±0.74mg/kg;钼在土壤和血清中的含量较为充足,但被毛中钼的含量在三个季节分别为0.03mg/kg、0.05mg/kg和0.03mg/kg,均低于正常值(0.16mg/kg)。锰和锌在土壤、牧草和畜体中含量均在正常范围内,表明该体系中锰和锌不缺乏。土壤硒含量为0.061mg/kg~0.120mg/kg,低于土壤缺硒的临界值(0.5mg/kg),属于缺硒区,冬春季、夏季和秋季牧草中硒处于一般缺乏状态(全年平均为0.03mg/kg),血清和被毛中硒的浓度均低于正常水平,也处于缺乏状态。 相似文献
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青海省海南州土壤-牧草-家畜系统微量元素的季节性盈缺分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
于2004年4月、7月和10月采取实地采样和实验室分析相结合的方法对青海省海南州土壤、牧草和家畜系统,进行微量元素(铜、钼、锰、锌和硒)盈缺分析,表明该地区秋季牧草中铜浓度为3.77±2.15 mg/kg,冬春季绵羊被毛中铜浓度为1.94±0.35 mg/kg,低于健康绵羊被毛中铜浓度3.68±0.74 mg/kg;钼在土壤和血清中的含量较为充足,但被毛中钼的含量在三个季节分别为0.03mg/kg、0.05mg/kg和0.03mg/kg,均低于正常值(0.16mg/kg).锰和锌在土壤、牧草和畜体中含量均在正常范围内,表明该体系中锰和锌不缺乏.土壤硒含量为0.061mg/kg～0.120mg/kg,低于土壤缺硒的临界值(0.5mg/kg),属于缺硒区,冬春季、夏季和秋季牧草中硒处于一般缺乏状态(全年平均为0.03mg/kg),血清和被毛中硒的浓度均低于正常水平,也处于缺乏状态. 相似文献
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试验研究了青海共和盆地河卡牧场夏、冬两季牧草草地系统(水、土壤、牧草、绵羊)中硒的含量变化.结果表明,河卡牧场夏季土壤和牧草严重缺硒,绵羊血浆中硒浓度低于临界水平,夏冬两季绵羊被毛中硒含量低于毛硒含量临界值. 相似文献
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为更有效地防治内蒙古自治区四子王旗地区家畜微量元素代谢病,合理使用微量元素添加剂,采用实地采样和实验室分析相结合的方法,对该地区短花针茅（Stipa breviflora）荒漠草地土壤-牧草-家畜生态系统中微量元素的水平进行检测。结果显示,土壤中铜和硒处于缺乏状态。牧草中铁和锰元素处于过量状态,硒为缺乏状态。与健康绵羊的各项指标相比较,血浆中铁和锰分别于夏秋季节和全年高于正常水平,硒和铜元素分别于秋季和冬季低于正常水平;肝脏中铁和锰全年高于正常水平,铜冬季低于临界值,硒元素秋冬季节低于正常水平;被毛中铁全年高于正常水平,而铜和硒全年低于正常水平。结合放牧绵羊对各种矿物质的进食量和消化率进行综合分析表明,该地区为高铁、高锰、低硒的生态环境,同时铜和锌处于季节性缺乏状态。 相似文献
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对西藏环拉萨地区土壤、牧草、家畜（羊）被毛中六种元素含量进行了测定，结果表明：该区土壤、牧草及家畜被毛中Cu,Fe,Zn,Mn,Mg五种元素均不表现缺乏，但土壤及牧草中Se含量处于缺乏的临界水平，家畜被毛中Se含量低于其缺乏临界值，提示该区为低Se生态。 相似文献
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我国地域辽阔,幅员广大,土壤、气候和牧草的适应性差异较大。因此宜选用不同的种植模式进行优质牧草的种植： 1、水旱轮作地区：适宜秋播冷季型越年生牧草或牧草绿肥兼用品种,变稻——麦为稻——草,可选种多花黑麦草、冬牧70黑麦、紫云英、苕子、箭舌豌豆等;也可采用饲料作物与牧草轮作,或牧草与牧草轮作,春播宜选用饲用玉米、杂交狼尾草、美洲狼尾草、苏丹草、苦买菜、籽粒苋等;秋播宜选用多花黑麦草、冬牧70黑麦、饲用包菜、胡萝卜、甘兰等;亦可种植多年生类牧草。 2、旱区轮作区：在黄淮海平原地区以及同纬度其它旱区轮作地区,可变小麦——玉米为小麦——牧草或牧草——玉米或牧草——牧草,亦可种植多年生类牧草。适宜品种主要有冬牧70黑麦、饲用玉米、美洲狼尾草、苦买菜、籽粒苋、毛苕子、草木樨、箭舌豌豆。沙质土壤和盐碱土壤宜选用根系发达,较耐盐碱的品种。偏碱土壤宜选用紫花苜蓿、草木樨、沙打旺。偏酸土壤宜选用红三叶、白三叶,土壤条件较好的地区宜推广俄罗斯饲料菜、鲁梅克斯K－1杂交酸模、杂交狼尾草、串叶松香草、菊苣等。 相似文献
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Nine growing barrows were equipped with a T-cannula in the distal ileum and used to determine apparent ileal (AID) and apparent total-tract digestibility (ATTD) coefficients of Ca and P in low-phytate corn, normal corn, soybean meal, and in diets where soybean meal was mixed with low-phytate corn or normal corn. The AID and the standardized ileal digestibility coefficients (SID) of CP and AA also were determined. The animals (initial BW = 29.3 +/- 1 kg) were allotted to a 9 x 9 Latin square with nine diets and nine periods. Three diets contained low-phytate corn, normal corn, and soybean meal as their sole source of CP, AA, Ca, and P, respectively. Three additional diets were identical to these diets except that limestone and monosodium phosphate were added. Two diets contained low-phytate corn or normal corn and soybean meal, limestone, and monosodium phosphate, and the final diet was a N-free diet. The AID and ATTD of Ca were higher (P < 0.05) for low-phytate corn than for normal corn (70.0 and 69.1% vs. 47.4 and 49.6%, respectively). The AID and ATTD for Ca in soybean meal (50.9 and 46.7%, respectively) did not differ from values for normal corn but were lower (P < 0.05) than for low-phytate corn. The AID and ATTD for P from low-phytate corn (56.5 and 54.5%, respectively) were greater (P < 0.05) than from normal corn (28.3 and 28.8%, respectively), whereas soybean meal had intermediate AID and ATTD for P (37.2 and 38.0%, respectively). The AID and ATTD of P increased (P < 0.05) when monosodium phosphate was added to normal corn (44.9 and 49.8%, respectively) and soybean meal (49.6 and 46.2%, respectively), but adding monosodium phosphate to low-phytate corn, did not alter either AID (49.7%) or ATTD (50.7%) of P. No differences between AID and ATTD for Ca or P within the same diet were observed. The AID of Arg, Asp, Gly, Ile, Lys, Phe, Thr, and Val were greater (P < 0.05) in low-phytate corn than in normal corn. The AID of all AA in soybean meal were greater (P < 0.05) than in both types of corn, with the exception of Ala, Cys, Leu, and Met. The SID of Lys, Phe, and Thr were higher (P < 0.05) in low-phytate corn than in normal corn. Because low-phytate corn has a higher digestibility of Ca and P, less inorganic Ca and P need to be supplemented to diets containing low-phytate corn than to those containing normal corn, and P excretion may be decreased when low-phytate corn is used in the diet. 相似文献
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生草对黄土高原旱地苹果园土壤性状的影响 总被引：26，自引：5，他引：21
对黄土高原渭北苹果园生草土壤性状测定结果表明,生草能降低0~60 cm土层土壤容重,增加土壤孔隙度,提高田间贮水量,且与生草年限呈正相关;能显著提高0~20 cm土层有机质含量,种植禾本科牧草有机质年积累量为0.10%,种植豆科牧草年积累0.15%;随生草年限的增加,较深土层土壤有机质趋于增加,种植白三叶改善较深土层土壤有机质的效果强于种植黑麦草。对N、P、K营养的影响主要表现在0~40 cm土层,生草的前期(4年)土壤养分消耗大于积累,苹果与牧草在该土层存在养分竞争,在第5年全氮、全磷、全钾呈现恢复性增长,全氮、全磷、全钾的演变呈现“S”型的演变过程,但生草能提高0~40 cm土层水解氮、速效磷及速效钾含量,具有活化有机态N、P、K的功能,有利于果树对N、P、K营养元素的吸收利用;生草类型不同,活化N、P效果不同,黑麦草活化P的作用大于白三叶,而白三叶活化N的作用大于黑麦草;生草后土壤三大微生物类群数量及过氧化氢酶、尿酶、碱性磷酸酶活性都显著提高,并随生草年限的增加趋于增加。 相似文献
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Five crossbred beef steers (329 kg) were used in a 5 x 5 Latin square experiment with 14-d periods to determine the effects of supplementation with high-nitrogen (N) feeds alone or mixed with tallow on sites of digestion with a basal diet of bermudagrass hay. Hay was 1.93% nitrogen, 75% neutral detergent fibre and fed at 1.83% of body weight (dry matter; DM). Supplements were basal (B; 105 g DM): 81.8% dried molasses product (DMP) and 18.2% calcium carbonate (CC); soybean meal (S; 942 g DM): 88.0% soybean meal, 9.8% DMP and 2.2% CC; S mixed with 9.8% tallow (SF; 1041 g DM); corn gluten and blood meals (CB; 662 g DM): 62.5% corn gluten meal, 20.8% blood meal, 13.6% DMP and 3.0% CC; CB mixed with 13.2% tallow (CBF; 757 g DM). Total N intake was 117, 185, 187, 174 and 172 g/d, and duodenal N flow was 121, 148, 143, 162 and 169 g/d for B, S, SF, CB and CBF, respectively, being lower for B than for other treatments and higher for supplements with the corn gluten and blood meal mix than for soybean meal (P less than 0.05). Duodenal microbial N flow was 39, 51, 49, 38 and 45 g/d for B, S, SF, CB and CBF, respectively, being greater (P less than 0.05) for supplements with soybean meal than with corn gluten and blood meals. Duodenal flow of feed N was greater (P less than 0.05) with than without high-N feeds and for supplemental corn gluten and blood meals than for soybean meal (78, 90, 86, 117 and 116 g/d for B, S, SF, CB and CBF, respectively). In conclusion, mixing of tallow and high-N feeds did not affect the extent of ruminal N disappearance, and soybean meal supplementation increased duodenal N flow less than did supplementation with corn gluten and blood meals. Increased duodenal N flow with soybean meal was associated with about equal elevations of ruminal outflow of microbial and feed N, whereas the corn gluten-blood meal mix affected the intestinal protein supply by increasing ruminal escape of feed protein. 相似文献
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Teck C. LOH Nguyen T. THANH Hooi L. FOO Mohd HAIR‐BEJO Bin K. AZHAR 《Animal Science Journal》2010,81(2):205-214
The effects of feeding different dosages of metabolite combination of L. plantarum RS5, RI11, RG14 and RG11 strains (Com3456) on the performance of broiler chickens was studied. A total of 504 male Ross broilers were grouped into 7 treatments and offered different diets: (i) standard corn‐soybean based diet (negative control); (ii) standard corn‐soybean based diet +100 ppm neomycin and oxytetracycline (positive control); (iii) standard corn‐soybean based diet + 0.1% metabolite combination of L. plantarum RS5, RI11, RG14 and RG11 strains (Com3456); (iv) standard corn‐soybean based diet + 0.2% of Com3456; (v) standard corn‐soybean based diet + 0.3% of Com3456 (vi) standard corn‐soybean based diet + 0.4% of Com3456 and (vii) standard corn‐soybean based diet + 0.5% of Com3456. Supplementation of Com3456 with different dosages improved growth performance, reduced Enterobacteriaceae and increased lactic acid bacteria count, and increased villi height of small intestine and fecal volatile fatty acid concentration. Treatment with 0.4% and 0.2% Com3456 had the best results, especially in terms of growth performance, feed conversion ratio and villi height among other dosages. However, the dosage of 0.2% was recommended due to its lower concentration yielding a similar effect as 0.4% supplementation. These results indicate that 0.2% is an optimum level to be included in the diets of broiler in order to replace antibiotic growth promoters. 相似文献
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不同补播配置模式对宁夏荒漠草原土壤有机碳和全氮储量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以不同人工补播配置模式(禾本科牧草混播、豆科牧草混播、禾本科+豆科牧草混播、禾本科牧草+豆科牧草+小灌木混播及封育未补播)为研究对象,研究补播不同牧草配置模式对宁夏荒漠草原土壤有机碳和全氮储量的影响。结果表明:在0~10cm和10~20cm土层间,禾本科牧草混播模式土壤有机碳和全氮含量最高;在20~40cm土层,封育未补播处理土壤有机碳和全氮含量最高(P<0.05)。在0~40cm土层,土壤有机碳储量表现为:禾本科牧草混播>禾本科+豆科混播>封育未补播>豆科牧草混播>禾本科+豆科+小灌木混播。土壤全氮储量表现为:封育未补播>禾本科+豆科混播>禾本科牧草混播>禾本科+豆科+小灌木混播>豆科牧草混播;短期内0~20cm土层是4种补播配置模式土壤有机碳和全氮的主要蓄积层,20~40cm土层是封育未补播土壤有机碳和全氮的主要蓄积层。因此,应加强长期监测,并在兼顾生态恢复和产业发展的同时,选择适宜的人工恢复措施。 相似文献
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2 0 0 2年 5 ,7,9月 ,对东北农牧交错带内某草甸土壤、小尾寒羊主食 3种牧草、放牧小尾寒羊被毛和血液中镁含量进行了分析。结果表明 ,该交错带草甸土壤中镁的总平均含量为 0 4 1% ;小尾寒羊主食 3种牧草中镁的年平均含量分别为 0 4 6 %、0 2 2 %、0 15 % ,牧草中镁的总平均含量为 0 2 8% ;放牧小尾寒羊被毛和血液中镁的总平均含量分别为 85 8 5 1μg g和 30 38μg g。据此认为 ,该交错带放牧小尾寒羊不会发生镁缺乏症和镁中毒病 ,但其镁营养处于低水平。 相似文献
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《动物营养（英文）》2019,5(2):148-151
The optimization of dietary phosphorus (P) depends on precise details of the P availability in feed ingredients to avoid excess or deficient P in a mixed diet. This study was carried out to measure the apparent ileal digestibility of P for corn, wheat, soybean meal, and corn gluten meal in growing Japanese quails from 28 to 32 d posthatch. A total of 400 quail chicks were randomly distributed across 5 treatments with 4 replicates and 20 birds in each floor pen. The P-free diet (PFD) was formulated based on cornstarch to measure the basal endogenous P losses (EPL). Digestibility coefficients were determined by ileal digesta sampling using TiO2 as an indigestible marker. The EPL was estimated at 384 mg/kg DMI. The apparent ileal P digestibility (AIPD) for corn, soybean meal, wheat, and corn gluten meal were determined to be 0.38, 0.53, 0.38, and 0.78, respectively. The corresponding values for true ileal P digestibility (TIPD) were 0.48, 0.61, 0.50, and 0.83, respectively. The t-test analysis showed that the difference of AIPD and TIPD values for corn (P = 0.031) and wheat (P = 0.015) were statistically significant, however, no significant differences were observed for corn gluten meal (P = 0.318) and soybean meal (P = 0.104). In conclusion, the correction of AIPD coefficients for EPL in low-P ingredients such as corn and wheat may be much more important than that in high-P feedstuffs such as corn gluten meal and soybean meal in growing quails. 相似文献
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The additivity of true amino acid digestibility (TAAD) and true metabolizable energy (TME) values in corn, soybean meal, and wheat red dog for White Pekin ducks was investigated. Differences between observed values for the complete diets and values predicted from measurements of individual ingredients were used to test additivity. Eight ducks were each assigned to the following dietary treatments: corn, soybean meal (44% CP), wheat red dog (wheat by-product with less than 4% fiber), complete Diet 1 (corn-soybean meal), complete Diet 2 (corn-red dog-soybean meal), and dextrose. Dextrose-fed ducks were used to estimate endogenous losses. The nitrogen-corrected TME (TMEn) in corn, soybean meal, wheat red dog, and two complete diets were 3.411, 2.919, 2.502, 3.148, and 3.111 kcal/g, respectively. In general, the TME and TMEn values observed in the two complete diets were not different (P > 0.05) from predicted values and indicated that the TME and TMEn in corn, soybean meal, and wheat red dog were all additive. The mean TAAD of corn, soybean meal, wheat red dog, and the two complete diets were not different, and were 87.03, 88.15, 90.58, 85.83, and 87.02%, respectively. The differences in TAAD between observed and predicted values were significant (P < 0.05) only for arginine, lysine, and aspartate in complete Diet 1, and for arginine, histidine, lysine, and aspartate in complete Diet 2. These results indicated that TME and TMEn values for corn,soybean meal, and wheat red dog were all additive in the two complete diets, but digestibilities of some amino acids were not additive and demonstrated some associative effects. 相似文献
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青海省环湖地区牧草和土壤微量元素含量测定 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
对青海省环湖地区牧草和土壤中５种微量元素含量进行测定，结果表明：牧草铜和锌含量较低，牧草和土壤锰含量明显低于正常范围，而钼含量超过正常范围，提示该地区存在低锰，低铜，低锌和高钼的生态环境。 相似文献
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生草配合施用有机肥对省力高效梨园土壤的培肥效应研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了推动果园生草在我国的推广应用,研究生草配合施用有机肥土壤管理方式对省力高效现代梨园土壤养分的作用效应,在冀中平原的“雪青”梨园,以常规清耕梨园为对照,研究省力高效梨园生草4年和生草8年的培肥效应,于2014年梨树萌芽期,在80 cm土层内分10 cm一层取样,分别测定不同土层的有机质、大量元素和微量元素含量,比较不同处理土壤营养元素的变化特征。结果表明,生草梨园0~50 cm土层有效养分含量均达到较高水平;与常规梨园相比较,这种管理模式短期(4年)增加了0~10 cm土层碱解氮、速效磷、有效锌含量和0~20 cm土层速效钾、有效铁含量,长期(8年)显著增加了0~10 cm土层有机质和碱解氮含量、0~20 cm有效铁和有效锰含量、0~30 cm速效磷和有效铜含量、0~40 cm有效锌含量和0~50 cm速效钾含量。显著降低了0~30 cm土层pH值,明显提高了河北省石灰性梨园土壤磷、铁、锌的有效性。长期生草配合施用有机肥能够增加上层土壤有效养分含量,生草8年后,0~50 cm土层速效磷、速效钾和有效锌占0~80 cm土层比重分别达到92%、82%和88%,为梨园提供充足营养的同时降低了环境污染的风险,有利于梨园土壤培肥和果园的可持续发展。 相似文献