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对东莞莲花山自然保护区退化马尾松林林分2002年种植的17个3年生阔叶树种的树高、胸径以及冠幅进行测量和分析.结果表明,各个树种之间树高、胸径和冠幅生长均存在极显著差异(P＜0.01).除红荷、桃花心木、仪花、格木和马占相思以外,其余12个树种树高与胸径生长表现出显著正相关(P＜0.05 ).综合树高、胸径和冠幅3个指标对17个阔叶树种的生长数据进行聚类分析,桃花心木、火力楠、铁冬青、尖叶杜英和仪花生长较慢;枫香、格木、红锥、米老排、樟树、木荷、木棉和南洋楹生长速度中等;红荷和黧蒴生长较快;千年桐和马占相思生长迅速.总体而言,试验的1 7个阔叶树种对退化马尾松林的景观恢复取得一定成效. 相似文献
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17个阔叶树种在退化马尾松林的早期生长表现 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
对东莞莲花山自然保护区退化马尾松林林分2002年种植的17个3年生阔叶树种的树高、胸径以及冠幅进行测量和分析。结果表明,各个树种之间树高、胸径和冠幅生长均存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。除红荷、桃花心木、仪花、格木和马占相思以外,其余12个树种树高与胸径生长表现出显著正相关(P<0.05)。综合树高、胸径和冠幅3个指标对17个阔叶树种的生长数据进行聚类分析,桃花心木、火力楠、铁冬青、尖叶杜英和仪花生长较慢;枫香、格木、红锥、米老排、樟树、木荷、木棉和南洋楹生长速度中等;红荷和黧蒴生长较快;千年桐和马占相思生长迅速。总体而言,试验的17个阔叶树种对退化马尾松林的景观恢复取得一定成效。 相似文献
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《绿色科技》2017,(3)
对用于两块加勒比松林改造样地的8种阔叶树种(样地1:藜蒴Castanopsis fissa、油茶Camellia oleifera、大叶相思Acacia auriculiformis、红桂木Artocarpus nitidus;样地2:荷木Schima argentea、光叶山矾Symplocos lancifolia、竹节树Carallia brachiata、油茶)的生长进行了试验研究。结果表明:样地1的树高排序为藜蒴大叶相思红桂木油茶,胸径排序为藜蒴油茶红桂木大叶相思,冠幅排序为藜蒴红桂木油茶大叶相思,黎蒴的生长状况最好,树高、胸径及冠幅均最大。样地2的树高排序为荷木光叶山矾竹节树油茶,胸径排序为油茶光叶山矾荷木竹节树,冠幅排序为油茶光叶山矾荷木竹节树,荷木长的最高,但油茶的在胸径和冠幅上生长更好。总体来看,藜蒴、大叶相思、荷木和油茶是加勒比松林改造的优良树种。 相似文献
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研究马尾松人工林强度采伐后套种的不同树种的生长动态规律,筛选适宜的套种树种,为马尾松人工林近自然经营提供技术支撑。2008年2月于15年生马尾松人工林采用4个强度进行采伐,即保留密度分别为225(Ⅰ)、300(Ⅱ)、375(Ⅲ)和450(Ⅳ)株/hm2,于林下均匀套种大叶栎、红椎、灰木莲、香梓楠、格木等5个乡土阔叶树种,2008年底调查套种阔叶树的胸径、树高和冠幅等生长指标,此后至2016年每2年测定1次,应用方差分析和Duncan多重比较分析这些生长指标对不同强度采伐的动态响应。结果表明:采伐强度显著影响林下套种阔叶树的生长,其中大叶栎和灰木莲的胸径、树高和冠幅以及红椎的胸径和冠幅的生长随保留密度增大而减小,而红椎、格木的树高生长受采伐强度影响不大;格木的胸径和冠幅以及香梓楠的树高和冠幅生长在套种第7年之前受采伐强度影响不大,此后其生长随保留密度增大而减小;香梓楠的胸径生长则一直随保留密度增大而增大。大叶栎的胸径、树高和冠幅以及灰木莲的树高和冠幅、红椎的树高生长高峰出现在套种后第3年;红椎、灰木莲、香梓楠的胸径生长高峰出现在第5年;格木的胸径、树高和冠幅以及香梓楠的树高和冠幅、红椎的冠幅生长高峰出现在套种后第9年。马尾松人工林强度采伐后套种阔叶树的生长动态表现为大叶栎红椎灰木莲香梓楠格木。大叶栎、红椎、灰木莲的生长随采伐强度的增大而增大,而香梓楠、格木受采伐强度的影响不显著。综合比较5种套种树种的生长特性,在桂西南开展马尾松中龄林近自然化改造,选用大叶栎、红椎、灰木莲进行林下套种,宜采用采伐强度Ⅰ、Ⅱ,而套种香梓楠、格木则宜采用采伐强度Ⅲ、Ⅳ。 相似文献
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饶平县林分改造树种选择研究初报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在广东省潮州市饶平县3种林分类型中进行8种树种的造林试验,结果表明：种植后20个月,马占相思、南酸枣、桃花心木和红椿生长快、长势好,地径年平均生长量分别为3.17,3.03,2.34,2.02 cm;树高年平均生长量分别为136.1,122.9,91.3,87.6 cm;冠幅年平均生长量分别为59.5,95.9,49.8,57.1 cm。重阳木、枫香和樟树生长中等, 地径年平均生长量分别为1.58,1.61,1.33 cm, 树高年平均生长量分别为67.7,57.1,49.3 cm, 冠幅年平均生长量分别为19.6,20.2,49.3 cm。乐昌含笑生长较慢,地径年平均生长量仅为1.05 cm,树高年平均生长量为30.4 cm,冠幅年平均生长量为11.9 cm,不适合作为改造树种在粤东地区种植。 相似文献
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【目的】通过分析不同混交模式下马尾松及格木生长量差异,探讨马尾松与格木混交的适宜模式,为马尾松格木混交林的营建提供理论基础。【方法】以广西凭祥5年生马尾松和格木人工林为研究对象,分析不同混交模式及混交比例马尾松和格木的胸径、树高、冠幅及材积的差异,探寻马尾松格木混交合理的混交模式和混交比例。【结果】1)不同混交模式马尾松胸径、树高、冠幅和材积均差异显著。处理a和CK3林分平均胸径最大,均为5.9 cm,CK3林分平均树高、上下冠幅和左右冠幅最大,分别为4.9、2.4和2.7 m。CK3的单株材积最大为0.0082 m3,处理c林分平均胸径、平均树高和单株材积均最小,分别为5.0 cm、4.1 m和0.0051 m3,同时上下冠幅和左右冠幅最小,分别为2.0 m和2.1 m。2)不同混交模式格木胸径、树高、冠幅和材积均差异显著。CK2林分平均胸径最大为5.1 cm,最小为处理c的4.1 cm。处理a和CK1林分平均树高最高,均为4.8 m,处理c树高最低为4.0 m。处理a、处理b和CK2上下冠幅最大,均为2.4 m,处理c上下冠幅最小为2.0 m,CK1左右冠幅最大为2.8 m,处理c左右冠幅最小为2.1 m。CK2格木单株材积最大为0.0058 m3,处理c单株材积最小为0.0035 m3。3)不同的混交模式和混交比例不影响径级数量的分布规律,各处理及对照中马尾松和格木的径级均呈正态分布。【结论】马尾松与格木幼林4种混交模式在胸径、树高、冠幅和材积均存在显著差异,马尾松与格木(75丛·hm^-2)各项生长指标相对较优,其次为马尾松+格木(4:1)行状混交,生长表现最差为马尾松+格木(210丛·hm^-2)。综合考虑,以培育马尾松大径材为经营目标,早期应选择马尾松与格木(75丛·hm^-2)模式进行混交。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
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A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献