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1.
Ten Fomes annosus isolates from pine and ten from non-pine-hosts were subjected to the volatile components of pine oleoresin and to various concentrations of pinosylvin (PS) and pinosylvin monomethyl ether (PSM). Both the volatiles and the PS and PMS significantly reduced growth rate compared with controls. However, no detectable difference existed between the two groups of F. annosus isolates in their reactions to the substances tested.  相似文献   

2.
Changes in soluble phenol contents of Scots-pine (Pinus sylvestris) phloem were studied after inoculation with Ophiostoma brunneo-ciliatum, a fungus associated with Ips sexdentatus. They were compared to the length of the fungus-induced reaction zone of the phloem, taken as an estimation for the trees' response efficiency against aggression. Five clones consisting of 14 trees were studied, and eight soluble phenolic metabolites were analysed in detail in reaction zones and in unwounded phloem sampled 3 weeks after inoculation. The stilbenes pinosylvin and pinosylvin monomethylether, and the flavonoid pinocembrin, were detected in reaction zones only. Concentrations of two p-coumaric-acid esters and an acetophenone glycoside decreased after inoculation. Variations of the flavonoids taxifolin and 3' taxifolin glucoside were inconsistent. One tree had longer reaction zones and a phenolic content different from the others. In unwounded phloem, concentrations of some phenolic compounds and in particular the ratio between the two p-coumaric-acid esters could be markers for trees' response efficiency. In the reaction zone, markers could be the ratios between concentrations of certain preformed compounds and concentrations of newly synthesized pinosylvin and pinocembrin.  相似文献   

3.
The diterpene compositions in the bark of branches were investigated for two families of the F1 hybrid, Kurile larch (Larix gmelinii var. japonica Pilg.) × Japanese larch [Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carr.] (hereafter F1) and their parents clones. 13-Epimanool, larixol, larixyl acetate, 13-epitorulosyl acetate (not detected in L. gmelinii var. japonica), isopimaric acid, abietic acid, dehydroabietic acid, and neoabietic acid were detected. Larixol and abietic acid represented more than 50% of the diterpene content in L. gmelinii var. japonica and L. kaempferi, respectively. Larixol and abietic acid were the predominant diterpene components in the F1, and the proportions of these diterpenes were between those of the parental species. Therefore, the diterpene compositions in the F1 were hereditarily infl uenced by their parents. The ratios of labdane, pimarane, and abietane diterpenes suggested that the main diterpene biosynthesis pathway in L. gmelinii var. japonica was from copalyl diphosphate (CDP) to labdane-type diterpenes, and that in L. kaempferi was from CDP to abietane-type diterpenes via pimarane type. Furthermore, linear discriminant analysis suggested that the diterpene contents are effective indices for the discrimination of the hybrid seedlings. Part of this article was presented at the Annual Meetings of the Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry in Kyoto, March 2006, and in Tokyo, March 2007  相似文献   

4.
The concentrations of three individual stilbenes, pinosylvin (PS), pinosylvin monomethyl ether (PSM), and pinosylvin dimethyl ether (PSD), and the total concentration of phenolic compounds were determined in 34-year-old Scots pines which were known to have either decay-resistant or susceptible heartwood. The sample trees were selected from two progeny tests among 783 trees; the decay resistance of which had been screened earlier in vitro against a brown-rot fungus Coniophora puteana. Ten decay-resistant and ten susceptible trees from each of the progeny tests were analysed. In the heartwood of the resistant trees, the average total concentration of the stilbenes was 7.5 and 6.4 mg/g of dry weight, while in the heartwood of the susceptible trees the respective values were 5.0 and 4.7 mg/g. The difference between the decay resistant and susceptible trees was statistically significant in both progeny tests. The difference in concentration of total phenolics, analysed by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, was also significant. A high concentration of phenolics was connected to the low hygroscopicity of wood. The results support the argued hypothesis that the stilbenes make a contribution to the differences in the decay rate of natural wood substrate. On the other hand, the results show that the stilbenes alone do not explain the variation in decay rate.  相似文献   

5.
A new cytotoxic casbane diterpene, named pekinenal, was isolated from the roots of Euphorbia pekinensis. Its structure was elucidated as 5α-hydroxy-1βH,2αH-casba-3Z,7E,11E-triene-18-al by a combination of 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques and confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Pekinenal showed cytotoxic activity against all four human cancer cell lines tested.  相似文献   

6.
Methyl esters of higher fatty acids were detected from the healthy bark of Thujopsis dolabrata var. hondae but not from the bark of the resinous stem canker of T. dolabrata var. hondae. This difference enabled us to distinguish healthy trees from diseased ones. Fourteen diterpenes were also isolated from the n-hexane extracts of the bark-glued resin taken from the resinous stem canker of T. dolabrata var. hondae. Of these diterpenes, abietane diterpenes [abieta-7,13-diene (1), abietinol (2), dehydroabietinol (4)], pimarane diterpene [sandaracopimaric acid (8)], and labdane diterpenes [manool (10), torulosol (11), torulosal (12), cupressic acid (13)] were first isolated from T. dolabrata var. hondae.Part of this paper was presented at the 47th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 1999  相似文献   

7.
The xylem surface of seedlings, stem material and roots of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) were inoculated with strains of Heterobasidion annosum s. str. and H. parviporum s. str. The depth of necrosis in wounded spruce increased at a linear rate for at least seven weeks of incubation, but the rate of necrotic spread was significantly faster in infected wounds. In wounded pine the necrosis was maintained at a more superficial level for several weeks. Both spruce and pine sapwood were initially infected by hyphae of both species. In spruce, the hyphae advanced at a constant rate behind the necrotic front. On the contrary, after 1–2 weeks living H. parviporum hyphae were rare in pine rays. Heterobasidion annosum hyphae survived in pine rays, phloem and tracheids, despite a heavy accumulation of phenolics and resins and were able to penetrate into the sapwood at a linear rate although slower than infections in spruce. Histochemistry and quantitative estimates demonstrated that peroxidase activity was initially higher in spruce sapwood than in pine. Within three days of incubation, the activity in spruce sapwood disappeared concurrently with deepening necrosis. However, in pine, in both control and infected samples, there was a significant increase in peroxidase activity in the area surrounding the superficial necrosis, up to the wound surface and in the cambium and phloem around the wound. After wounding and infection, the content of soluble protein increased significantly in wood of older trees but not in seedlings. Infection resulted in an increased formation of lipophilic extractives in both spruce and pine but to a significantly greater degree in the latter, whereas the amount of hydrophilic compounds decreased in both. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses of lipophilic extracts showed that inoculation of pine with the two species of Heterobasidion increased the amounts of pinosylvin, its monomethylether and several other phenolics as also resinous compounds. The results obtained may be relevant in explaining the known higher resistance of Scots pine to H. parviporum.  相似文献   

8.
A new isoryanodane diterpene, 13-deoxyitol A (1), together with a known isoryanodane diterpene, itol A (2), was isolated from the methanol extract of the seeds of Itoa orientalis. Its structure was determined by spectroscopic means. Compounds 1 and 2 showed antifeedant and contact toxic activities against various insect pests.  相似文献   

9.
Phytochemical investigation of the ethanol extract of the leaves of Andrographis paniculata yielded one novel diterpene (13R, 14R) 3, 13, 14, 19-tetrahydroxy-ent-labda-8 (17), 11-dien-16, 15-olide 1 which has an uncommon cis-diol groups in the lactone moiety, and 3, 19-isopropylidene-14-deoxy-ent-labda-8 (17), 13-dien-16, 15-olide 2, probably an artifact diterpene, together with eight known diterpenoids 3–10. The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of spectral methods. The structure and stereochemistry of 1 was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analyses.  相似文献   

10.
《Fitoterapia》1999,70(2):140-143
The stereochemistry of the ingol diterpene 3,12-di-O-acetyl-8-O-tigloyl-ingol (1), isolated from the latex of Euphorbia lactea, was determined by one- and two-dimensional NMR analysis.  相似文献   

11.
A monoterpene and 15 diterpenes were isolated from the ethyl acetate extracts of the bark-glued resin from the resinous stem canker ofThujopsis dolabrata var.hondae Makino. A monoterpene (nezukone20) and 4 diterpenes (acetyl torulosol5, acetyl isocupressic acid8, acetyl abietinol11, and 7-methoxytotarol18) were characteristic constituents of the ethyl acetate extracts but were absent in then-hexane extracts from the resinous stem canker ofT. dolabrata var.hondae. These terpenes were first isolated fromT. dolabrata var.hondae andT. dolabrata. The available literature suggests that diterpene18 is a new compound. The resinous stem canker ofChamaecyparis obtusa Endlicher contained larger amounts of manool1,trans-communic acid6, and ferruginol12 and smaller amounts of isocupressic acid7 and abietinol10 than the resinous stem canker ofT. dolabrata var.hondae. The concentration of18 was less than 2% in the extracts, and the resinous stem canker ofC. obtusa lacked this compound. The resinous stem cankers ofC. obtusa andT. dolabrata var.hondae provided extracts 15.6 and 4.96 times, respectively, heavier than the healthy ones. Large differences in the ratios and compositions of terpenes were also observed between the resinous stem canker and the healthy trees. Terpenes isolated from the extracts contained many kinds of diterpene, especially the labdane-type diterpenes, in these diseased trees. These results suggest that the presence of labdane-type diterpenes is closely associated with the resinous stem canker or the causal fungi of this disease.Part of this report was presented at the 50th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kyoto, April 2000  相似文献   

12.
A new cyathane diterpene, named as cyathin I (1), as well as two known cyathane diterpenes (12R)-11a,14a-epoxy-13a,14b,15-trihydroxycyath-3-ene (2) and erinacine I (3), were isolated from the liquid culture of Cyathus hookeri Berk. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1–3 showed inhibition against nitric oxide production in macrophages with an IC50 value of 15.5, 52.3, and 16.8 μM, respectively.  相似文献   

13.
Antibacterial and antifungal activity of pinosylvin, a constituent of pine   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Lee SK  Lee HJ  Min HY  Park EJ  Lee KM  Ahn YH  Cho YJ  Pyee JH 《Fitoterapia》2005,76(2):258-260
The antibacterial and antifungal activities of pinosylvin (3,5-dihydroxy-trans-stilbene), a constituent of pine, were studied and compared with those of resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene). Pinosylvin exhibited more potent growth inhibitory activity against Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.  相似文献   

14.
A new ent-abietane-type diterpene lactone (1) and a new jatrophane-type diterpenoid (2), together with twelve known compounds including three diterpenes (3–5), five triterpenes (6–10) and four sterides (11–14) were isolated from the ethanol extract of the whole plant of Euphorbia lunulata Bge. The structure of compounds 1 and 2 was elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectra and the HR-ESI-MS data. The structure of compound 2 was further analyzed by an X-ray crystallographic study. The in vitro anti-proliferative activities against MCF-7 and NCI-H460 cell lines for compounds 1–5 (diterpene) were evaluated. The results showed marked activity for compound 1 against the two cell lines with the IC50 values 19.5 (NCI-H460) and 18.6 (MCF-7) μM, while for cis-platinum (a positive cytotoxic control agent) 29.7 (NCI-H460) and 27.7 (MCF-7) μM. Compounds 2–5 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities for the two cell lines with the IC50 values ranging from 32.1 to 58.2 μM.  相似文献   

15.
Fractionation of an antiplasmodial ethanolic extract from the aerial parts of Vitex cauliflora led to the isolation of the new labdane diterpene 1 together with the known triterpene uvaol. The structure of the new compound 1 was established as 3-oxo,15,17,18-triacetoxy-labda-7,13E-diene on the basis of spectroscopic data (1D and 2D NMR, MS).  相似文献   

16.
This paper describes characterization of diterpenes of the bark of Japanese cypress,Chamaecyparis obtusa (S. and Z.) Endl, without the resinous stem canker to learn the difference between the cypress bark affected with the canker. A diterpene dimer and two diterpenes, 6,12-dihydroxyabieta-8,11,13-trien-7-one and 6,12-dihydroxyabieta-5,8,11, 13-tetraen-7-one, were firstly isolated from Japanese cypress. The dimer, 6-(abieta-6,8,11, 13-tetraenyl-12-oxy)-7-methoxyabieta-8,11,13-trien-12-ol, was a new compound. It is a terpene indicative ofC. obtusa not infected with the resinous stem canker. Five known diterpenes were also isolated.  相似文献   

17.
A new diterpene alkaloid named delphatisine C (1) has been isolated from aerial parts of Delphinium chrysotrichum along with three known norditerpenoid alkaloids delpheline (2), delbrunine (3), and delectinine (4). Their structures were characterized on the basis of their spectral data. All of them were determined by SRB assay for their cytotoxicity, and compound (1) showed significant cytotoxic activities (IC50 = 2.36 μmol/L) against the A549 cell line.  相似文献   

18.
A new cembrane diterpene, named (−)-(1S)-15-hydroxy-18-carboxycembrene, was isolated from petroleum ether extract of the roots of the Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr. To our knowledge, this compound is the first cembrane-type diterpenoid to be found in the family Euphorbiaceae. The structure was elucidated as (−)-(1S)-15-hydroxy-cembra -2E, 4Z, 7E, 11E-tetraen-18-oic acid by a combination of IR, HR-ESIMS, 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques. (−)-(1S)-15-hydroxy-18-carboxycembrene showed cytotoxic activity against all five human cancer cell lines tested.  相似文献   

19.

Aim

This review focuses on plants currently used and those with a high potency for the future development of anti-acne products.

Methods

All relevant literature databases were searched up to 25 March 2011. The search terms were plant, herb, herbal therapy, phytotherapy, and acne, acne vulgaris and anti-acne. All of the human, animal, and in vitro studies, and reviews were included. Anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-androgen effects were the key outcomes.

Results

Studies on cell lines revealed that flavonoid, alkaloid, essential oil, phenol and phenolic compound, tannin, xanthone and xanthone derivative, and the bisnaphthquione derivative are effective in treatment of acne. Animal studies showed that diterpene acid, phenylpropanoid glycosides, acteoside and flavonoids have anti-inflammatory activity. Eleven human studies revealed that Camellia sinensis has 5α-reductase inhibitory and anti-inflammatory activities. Also anti-bacterial effect was shown by oleoresin of Commiphora mukul.

Conclusion

In addition to the standardization of these herbs, screening herbs as anti-acne agents may help to find new sources of therapy for acne.  相似文献   

20.
Hawaiinolides E–G (1–3), three additional new secondary metabolites including two cassane (1 and 2) types of diterpene lactones and one cleistanthane (3) diterpenoid, were isolated from the scale-up fermentation extract of Paraconiothyrium hawaiiense, an entomogenous fungus isolated from the Septobasidium-infected insect Diaspidiotus sp. The structures of 1–3 were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance experiments, and 1 and 3 were further confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The absolute configurations of 1 and 3 were assigned by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis using Cu Kα radiation, whereas that of 2 was deduced via the circular dichroism data. Compound 1 showed significant cytotoxic effects against the human tumor cell line T24, with an IC50 value (9.32 μM) comparable to that of the positive control cisplatin.  相似文献   

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