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1.
采用野外调查和室内测试相结合的方法,研究了水分对栗钙土理化性质和杨树生长的影响.结果表明:由于过水林地比未过水林地具有较低的容重和土壤硬度、较高的土壤持水能力以及较高的有机质、全氮、全磷和有效氮含量,使得过水林地上杨树人工林的直径、树高和材积生长量、各级根系长度、根系总长度和根系总生物量整体上超过来过水林地. 相似文献
2.
《Forest Ecology and Management》2001,140(1):19-28
Timber harvesting, with and without prescribed slash fire, and wild fire are common disturbances in pine forests of western North America. These disturbances can alter soil nitrogen (N) pools and N supply to colonizing vegetation, but their influence remains poorly understood for many forests. We investigated the effects of clear cut harvesting and fire on KCl extractable N pools, net N mineralization rates, phosphorus (P) fractions, seedling N uptake, and seedling growth in mineral soils sampled from a lodgepole pine forest in southern Wyoming. At a site where wild fire burned through a harvested stand of lodgepole pine and the adjacent intact forest, we analyzed mineral soils from the following four treatments: unburned clear cut, burnt clear cut, unburned forest, and burnt forest. Soils from unburned and burnt clear cut treatments had higher concentrations of KCl extractable N and higher net N mineralization rates, and produced larger pine seedlings in bioassays than soils from unburned and burnt intact forest treatments. Further, while seedlings grown in soils from the unburned and burnt forest treatments responded strongly to N fertilization, seedlings grown in clear-cut soils did not respond to fertilization. Taken together, these results suggest that harvesting had increased soil N supply. In comparing clear cut treatments, soils from the unburned clear cut had smaller extractable N and P pools, and lower net N mineralization rates, but produced larger pine seedlings than soils from the burnt clear cut. 相似文献
3.
【目的】林地土壤容重、孔隙度、蓄水性指标和土壤渗透性能反映土壤水源涵养功能大小,以连续施肥6 a的杉木林地为研究对象,研究不同处理的氮、磷肥对杉木林地土壤水源涵养功能的影响,为施肥杉木林地科学经营和水源涵养提供依据。【方法】对杉木林地进行不同的施肥处理:CK、N1 (50 kg·hm-2a-1)、N2 (100 kg·hm-2a-1)、P (50 kg·hm-2a-1)、N1P (50 kg·hm-2a-1+50 kg·hm-2a-1)和N2P (100 kg·hm-2a-1+50 kg·hm-2a-1)。试验测定了不同深度表层土壤(0~5 cm、5~10 cm和10~20 cm)容重、孔隙度、蓄水性指标和土壤渗透性指标,分析了土壤水源涵养功能与土壤理化性质的相关关系。【结果】1)在0~20 cm土层当中,P和N1P极显著降低了土壤容重(P <0.01),N1P增加了土壤非毛管孔隙度和总孔隙度,P增加了毛管孔隙度和总孔隙度。随着土层深度的增加,土壤容重逐渐增大。2)N1P和N2P显著增加了土壤有机质碳、有效磷、速效钾,但与N2一样降低了土壤pH值。P显著降低了土壤有机质碳、速效钾含量,但增加了有效磷含量。随着土层深度的增加,有机质碳、有效磷、速效钾含量均显著降低,而pH值显著升高。3)P显著增强了5~20 cm土层的持水能力,N1P显著增强了10~20 cm土层的持水能力;在蓄水量当中,P显著增强了0~20 cm土层的最大蓄水量和毛管蓄水量。4)施肥6 a后杉木林土壤初渗率、稳渗率、平均渗透速率和渗透总量比未施肥杉木林土壤上升29.75%,5.45%,20.99%和10.50%。土层分析当中,土壤渗透性均表现为0~5 cm显著高于5~10 cm和10~20 cm土层,且表现为:初渗率>平均入渗率>稳渗率。5)土壤水源涵养功能与土壤容重呈极显著负相关(P <0.01);土壤蓄水性与毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度呈极显著正相关(P <0.01);速效钾与毛管蓄水量呈极显著负相关(P <0.01),与最大蓄水量呈显著负相关(P <0.05)。pH值与渗透性呈极显著负相关(P <0.01);有机质碳、有效磷、速效钾、孔隙度与渗透性呈极显著正相关(P <0.01)。【结论】综合6种施肥处理分析土壤水源涵养功能与土壤理化性质的相关关系,由此得出施用低浓度氮肥与磷肥,可以有效地提高杉木人工林涵养水源的能力,为该地区杉木林地持续经营提供理论参考。 相似文献
4.
为了解鄂西南山地常绿落叶阔叶混交林采伐迹地不同更新方式对林地土壤肥力的影响,采用典型样地法对木林子自然保护区山地常绿落叶阔叶混交林迹地3种更新方式林分的土壤进行了采样分析。结果表明:土壤容重表现出人工更新>人工促进天然更新>天然更新。土壤总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度差别不大,非毛管孔隙度人工更新林地较高。土壤自然含水量、最大持水量、毛管持水量、田间持水量等水分因子以及土壤有机质、全氮、水解氮、速效磷、速效钾和pH值等化学性质均表现出人工更新<人工促进天然更新<天然更新。3种更新方式土壤理化性质差异较大,林地土壤肥力表现出人工更新<人工促进天然更新<天然更新。 相似文献
5.
Charles E. Pehl 《Forest Ecology and Management》1984,9(1):1-11
Residual effects, after 5 years, of four site preparation treatments: (1) cut and leave; (2) cut, leave and burn; (3) chop and burn; (4) shear, pile, burn and disk; originally applied in regenerating Pinus taeda L. plantations on three soils in eastern Texas; were evaluated by determining soil bulk density, organic matter, total nitrogen and extractable P, K, Mg, Ca and foliar P, K, Ca and Mg concentrations. By the fifth growing season, surface soil (0–8 cm) properties did not vary significantly except for N and Ca concentrations which were lowest for soils on the shear, pile, burn and disk treatments. Increased N and Ca concentrations for the shear, pile, burn and disk treatment below the 0–8 cm depth indicated the lower surface concentrations were a residual effect of disking. Foliar nutrient concentrations did not differ significantly except for foliar N concentrations which were lower for trees on the shear, pile, burn and disk plots.Residual treatment effects on stand development were evaluated by measuring fifth year stand density, stem diameter at breast height (1.4 m) and total height. Although the parameters were not significantly different, stands on the shear, pile, burn and disk treatment tended to have more stems of larger size than the other treatments. 相似文献
6.
采伐方式对马尾松林下植被和土壤肥力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采伐作业是森林经营中重要环节,不同采伐方式对森林植被和土壤肥力产生不同的影响。文章对32年生马尾松林开展不同采伐方式试验研究,结果表明,随着采伐强度增大,林下植被得到恢复和发展,但皆伐方式导致植被严重破坏;土壤孔隙度、持水量等物理性质及全氮、水解氮、速效磷、速效钾等化学性质均随采伐强度增大不断下降,土壤容重增加;皆伐使土壤理化性质恶化。 相似文献
7.
Christopher Neill William A. Patterson III David W. Crary Jr. 《Forest Ecology and Management》2007,250(3):234-243
Fire is an important component of the historic disturbance regime of oak and pine forests that occupy sandy soils of the coastal outwash plain of the northeastern US. Today prescribed fire is used for fuel reduction and for restoration and maintenance of habitat for rare plant and animal, animal species. We evaluated the effects of the frequency and seasonality of prescribed burning on the soils of a Cape Cod, Massachusetts's coastal oak-pine forest. We compared soil bulk density, pH and acidity, total extractable cations and total soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in unburned plots and in plots burned over a 12-year period, along a gradient of frequency (every 1–4 years), in either spring (March/April) or summer (July/August). Summer burning decreased soil organic horizon thickness more than spring burning, but only summer burning every 1–2 years reduced organic horizons compared with controls. Burning increased soil bulk density of the organic horizon only in the annual summer burns and did not affect bulk density of mineral soil. Burn frequency had no effect on pH in organic soil, but burning every year in summer increased pH of organic soil from 4.01 to 4.95 and of mineral soil from 4.20 to 4.79. Burning had no significant effect on organic or mineral soil percent C, percent N, C:N, soil exchangeable Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ or total soil C or N. Overall effects of burning on soil chemistry were minor. Our results suggest that annual summer burns may be required to reduce soil organic matter thickness to produce conditions that would regularly allow seed germination for oak and for grassland species that are conservation targets. Managers may have to look to other measures, such as combinations of fire with mechanical treatments (e.g., soil scarification) to further promote grasses and forbs in forests where establishment of these plants is a high priority. 相似文献
8.
The purpose of this study was to determine the factors which are responsible for clearly visible growth irregularities in Gmelina arborea stands by relating growth rates to soil and site properties. All Gmelina plantations under study, established on degraded pasture soils in the Atlantic lowlands of Costa Rica, showed the same growth pattern: very poor growth and chlorotic foliage of trees in mid-slope positions, and fast growth and healthy leaves of trees on hilltops and hillbases. The variation in site and soil properties and tree growth rates was analysed, investigating 24 plots in eight different plantations. Leaf samples were taken from 120 trees (five trees per site). Foliar analysis revealed that the tree growth is highly dependent on the supply of N, P, K and S, indicating that poorly growing trees suffer from a multiple nutrient disorder. To identify the most restricting soil factor, simple correlations between growth rates and soil chemical and physical properties were applied to the entire data set. The best correlation was obtained with exchangeable soil K (r=0.78, P<0.001). Subdivision of the data set into plots on brown soils (eight) and plots on red soils (16) and subsequent correlation analysis resulted in much stronger relationships. Growth depressions in mid-slope positions had other causes on brown soils than on red soils. On the acid brown soils the combination of the variables Al saturation and bulk density could explain 82% of the variation of tree growth. Al saturation of up to 80% in brown soils inhibits nutrient uptake, particularly of N and P. The red soils dominate on Ca---Mg-enriched, alluvial terraces and were among the first soils to be cultivated in the region. During the agricultural use and at the establishment of the tree plantations, they received dolomitic lime to reduce Al toxicity. Here, very low K/Mg ratios (less than 0.03) may induce K deficiency. Therefore, the best multiple regression model for tree growth rates on red soils is obtained with K/Mg ratio and thickness of the humic A-layer (r2=0.75, P<0.001). Inclusion of the variable bulk density resulted in a clear improvement of the model, explaining 91% of the growth variability. 相似文献
9.
Choonsig Kim Won-Kyu Lee Jae-Kyung Byun Young-Kul Kim Jin-Hyun Jeong 《Journal of Forest Research》1999,4(1):23-25
This study was performed to investigate a short time change (one week after fire) on soil properties due to the fire inPinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc stands of the Kosung area in Kangwon Province in Korea. Twenty seven sampling plots [16 burned (8 low intensity
fire, 8 high intensity fire) and 11 unburned plots] were chosen. Mineral soil samples from three depths (0–5, 5–15, and 15–25
cm) under the forest floor were collected. Forest fire in the area affected soil chemical properties. Soil pH, total nitrogen,
available phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in the surface soil (0–5 cm) of the burned area compared with the
unburned area increased, but there was no marked change in the subsurface soil (5–25 cm). Organic matter, total nitrogen,
available phosphorus, and exchangeable cations in the surface soil were generally lower in the high than in the low intensity
fire areas. This indicates that these nutrients on the high intensity fire may be volatilized. The results suggest that change
in soil chemical properties in the area was restricted mainly to the surface soil and was different between the high and the
low intensity fire types. 相似文献
10.
系统采集0~20 cm土壤样本,分析朔州市市区林业土壤土壤容重和速效养分现状。结果表明,朔州市公园绿地、街头绿地和附属绿地土壤容重适宜,基本不会影响绿化植物的生长,但道路绿地土壤容重偏大,不利于绿化植物的生长;土壤速效氮含量总体上处于较低水平,大部分林业土壤速效磷和速效钾丰富。
相似文献
11.
This study reports the effects of shifting cultivation at slashing stage on soil physicochemical properties at Bandarban Sadar Upazila in Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. At this initial stage of ... 相似文献
12.
Deforestation occurs at an alarming rate in upland watersheds of Bangladesh and has many detrimental effects on the environment. This study reports the effects of deforestation on soil biological properties along with some important physicochemical parameters of a southern upland watershed in Bangladesh. Soils were sampled at 4 paired sites, each pair representing a deforested site and a forested site, and having similar topographical characteristics. Significantly fewer(p≤0.001) fungi and bacteria, and lower microbial respiration, active microbial biomass, metabolic and microbial quotients were found in soils of the deforested sites. Soil physical properties such as moisture content, water holding capacity, and chemical properties such as organic matter, total N, available P and EC were also lower in deforested soils. Bulk density and pH were significantly higher in deforested soils. Available Ca and Mg were inconsistent between the two land uses at all the paired sites. Reduced abundance and biomass of soil mesofauna were recorded in deforested soils. However, soil anecic species were more abundant in deforested soils than epigeic and endogeic species, which were more abundant in forested soils than on deforested sites. 相似文献
13.
以植被不同恢复阶段的普洱季风常绿阔叶林林地土壤为研究对象,分析了土壤理化性质随植被恢复的动态变化。结果表明:土壤容重随恢复时间的延长呈现降低的趋势,而土壤孔隙度和水分含量则随恢复时间的延长缓慢增大。土壤有机质和全N含量在恢复15年及原始林中最高,全P含量为恢复30年最低,原始林最高,全K含量则是恢复40年样地中最高。不同恢复阶段样地中,原始林中速效N含量最高,恢复15年样地中速效P含量最高,恢复40年样地中速效K含量最高。所有恢复阶段间pH值均无显著性差异,而阳离子交换量由高到低依次为恢复15年>原始林>恢复40年>恢复30年。土壤理化性质相关性分析显示,土壤容重与土壤全N、土壤全P、速效N、有机质具有显著相关性,而土壤孔隙度则仅与土壤pH值具有显著相关性,土壤水分含量则与土壤全N、速效N、阳离子交换量具有显著相关性。 相似文献
14.
Hal O. Liechty Michael J. Holmes David D. Reed Glenn D. Mroz 《Forest Ecology and Management》1992,50(3-4):253-264
Changes in air temperature, soil temperature, and soil moisture were monitored for 5 years in two northern hardwood stands after whole-tree harvesting and conversion to red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) plantations. Soil temperatures at a depth of 5 cm and maximum air temperatures 2 m above the soil surface were increased 5–25% after stand conversion. Soil moisture content at a depth of 5 cm was increased by 10–20% in one stand but not in the other. Differences in stand, soil, and topographical characteristics between the two stands did not have any apparent effect on the magnitude of air or soil temperature changes after stand conversion. However, higher initial stand density and soil water holding capacity appeared to be related to increased soil moisture content at one of the sites. The increased soil temperatures after conversion were not only a result of the removal of the northern hardwood canopy but also the removal and redistribution of the forest floor caused by whole-tree harvesting. Five years after stand conversion air temperature, soil temperature, and soil moisture showed no evidence of recovering from initial post-harvest levels. 相似文献
15.
16.
Satyam Verma 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2018,37(7):678-690
The role of forest fires in the soil dynamics and global carbon cycle has not been comprehensively studied in tropical forests as the effects of fire on tropical forest soils can be extremely variable. This study was aimed to understand how repeated fires affect physical and chemical properties of soil in a tropical dry deciduous forest and alter soil fertility and health. The study was carried out in the dry deciduous forest of Mudumalai Tiger Reserve. Soil samples were collected from unburned (B0) to six-time burned (B6) plots. Samples were collected from each plot from three different depths viz. 0–10 (Top), 10–20 (Middle), and 20–30 cm (Bottom) and analyzed for soil physical and chemical properties. Soil pH, EC, WHC decreased with increasing fire frequencies while bulk density increased. Organic Carbon, Total N, and available P decreased with increasing fire frequencies whereas extractable K initially increased but decreased with the very high frequency of fires. NO3?N slightly decreased with high fire frequencies but NH4?N decreased significantly with increasing fire frequency. These results provide a new insight regarding the influence of repeated fires on soil that will be valuable to understand the effect of fire on the recovery of soils and nutrient dynamics. 相似文献
17.
利用2002年广东省森林资源与生态状况综合监测评估体系的95个桉树林样地的调查资料研究了桉树林的土壤肥力。按《我国土壤质地暂行分类方案》将95个样地土壤合并为粉壤土、粘壤土、粗砂土、细砂土、面砂土、粉粘土、砂粘土、粘土、壤粘土。通过对土壤理化性质进行聚类分析,将土壤按质地类型划分为4类：第1类包括粉壤土、粉粘土和壤粘土,速效K含量较高,速效P含量中等,其余养分含量位居9种土壤的前列,容重和毛管孔隙中等,肥力较高;第2类是粘壤土,全K含量最高,速效N含量中等,其余养分含量较低,容重较小,毛管孔隙较大而非毛管孔隙中等,总体上肥力水平中等;第3类包括粗砂土、细砂土、面砂土和砂粘土,此类土大多数有机质、全N、全K、速效N、速效K含量低,而有的速效P含量较高,容重大、毛管孔隙小,总体来说肥力低;第4类为肥力高的粘土,其有机质、全N、全P、速效N、速效P含量均是9种土壤中最高的。 相似文献
18.
研究马尾松纯林、桉树纯林和3种不同模式混交林土壤养分含量的变化规律,并对其土壤养分状况进行主成分综合排序。结果表明：土壤有机质、全 N、全 P、水解 N、速效 P 和速效 K 皆表现为随土壤深度增加而减少,全 K 则表现相反;在各林分中,桉树纯林的土壤有机质、速效 P 含量最高,混交林次之。混交林则土壤全 N、全P 和速效 N 含量总体上大于纯林。马尾松纯林除在浅层土中速效 P 含量最高外,其他养分指标都低于桉树纯林和混交林。土壤养分综合评价为桉树纯林＞混交林 A＞混交林 C＞混交林 B＞马尾松纯林,表现为桉树纯林养分状况最好,马尾松纯林最差,与针阔树种的生长特性和凋落物养分归还能力有关。混交林中种植密度较大的混交林A 养分状况相对较好,表明其养分储存能力较好,消耗较少。而相同种植密度下,混交林 C 的林分土壤养分状况优于混交林 B。 相似文献
19.
Mohammad Shaheed Hossain Chowdhury Md. Abdul Halim Shampa Biswas S. M. Sirajul Haque Nur Muhammed Masao Koike 《林业研究》2007,18(3):245-248
The physical properties of soil on two hill slopes of 35% and 55% in orange orchard cultivated by the Mro tribe of Chittagong Hill Tracts （CHTs） were evaluated and compared with those of bushy hill forests. Soil samples were collected from three different depths （0-5 cm, 5-15 cm and 15-30 cm）, digging three profiles in each land use for determining moisture content, organic matter content and particle density. Maximum water holding capacity, field capacity, dry and moist bulk density and porosity were determined only for the surface soils. Moisture content at all the soil depths was significantly higher （p≤ 0.05） in orange orchard than in forest on both the slopes. Orange orchard contained lower mean soil organic matter than forest on 55% slope, while it contained higher values on 35% slope compared to forest. The highest value of the above two properties was found at surface soil in both the land uses on both the slopes, decreasing with the increase of soil depth. On both the slopes maximum water holding capacity and porosity of surface soil and particle density at all soil depths were lower in orange orchard compared to those in forest. Field capacity values of surface soil did not show consistency in trend for the differences between the two land uses on both the slopes. Bulk density value of moist and dry surface soil was higher in orange orchard than in forest on both the hill slopes. 相似文献
20.
Fire affects the physical and chemical properties and soil biological activity of natural ecosystems. This study was conducted in the Miyan Tang region, Ilam Province in western Iran. The study site was 110 hectares, where we sampled soils in areas that were classified by fire severity: low (LS), high (HS) and medium severity (MS), and unburned (UB), which served as the control. In each severity class, 25 transect points were randomly selected for measurement. Around each transect plot center, 3 soil samples were selected randomly and soils collected from the 0 to 20 cm depth were combined into a composite sample that was used in laboratory analysis to represent conditions at that point. Plots in the UB and LS fire classes had similar soil conditions and had higher values of factors such as saturated moisture, organic carbon, carbon dioxide, and silt and clay content. In contrast, plots in the HS and MS fire severity classes were clustered in the positive direction along the first axis that represented gradients in soil acidity, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, accessible phosphorus, accessible potassium, bulk density, and sand. Soil attributes were similar in areas of HS and MS fire severity classes, whereas soil conditions in the LS class and UB controls were most similar. Fire in the LS areas either did not significantly alter the physical–chemical soil properties and microbial basal respiration, or soils were able to recover quickly after being burned. 相似文献