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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2015,(17)
为了研究小鼠心源性肺水肿肺脏组织超微结构的病理变化,试验以昆明小鼠为模型动物,通过腹腔注射不同剂量的肾上腺素导致小鼠产生心脏和呼吸系统血液循环障碍,然后采用病理解剖学、病理组织学和超微病理学的检测方法对试验小鼠的肺脏组织结构进行观察,以确定心源性肺水肿肺脏组织结构的变化。结果表明:病理组织学检查可见,小鼠支气管管壁间隙增宽,血管扩张,红细胞积聚;肺泡管腔狭窄,炎性细胞浸润,肺泡扩张、气肿等缺氧变化。电镜观察可见,小鼠支气管上皮肿胀,气管内有红细胞和浆液产生;支气管黏膜肿胀增厚,气管黏膜表面纤毛断裂、脱落;病变肺泡中隔断裂,肺泡融合扩张,肺泡体积增大。说明将剂量为0.01~0.03 m L/g的肾上腺素注射到小鼠体内均可导致小鼠死亡。 相似文献
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旨在研究被动吸烟对小白鼠肺部组织结构的影响。对小白鼠进行烟熏处理后,取其肺部组织,制作石蜡切片,进行HE染色,借助显微镜观察小白鼠肺部组织结构的变化。研究结果表明,烟熏后小白鼠肺部出现肺泡扩充,肺泡壁变薄;肺泡隔出现不同程度的组织增生;肺泡囊、肺泡管扩大或受损;细支气管管壁受损,黏膜上皮柱状纤毛细胞数量增多,排列凌乱,管腔内有异物积累,管腔变窄;终末细支气管黏膜皱襞受损严重,管壁增厚。并且通过比较可观察到香烟烟雾对成年小白鼠肺部组织结构的影响变化较幼年小白鼠更明显。由该试验结果可以得出,随着烟熏时间的延长,香烟烟雾中的某些物质会引起小白鼠肺部组织结构发生明显变化,且被动吸烟对成年小鼠肺部组织结构造成的影响较幼年小鼠严重。 相似文献
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80只14日龄SPF鸡随机均分为试验组和对照组,试验组用鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)M41株人工感染,感染后5 d和7 d分别进行试验组及对照组气管黏膜扫描电镜观察,研究IBV入侵门户气管黏膜在感染IBV后的超微病变特点。结果表明:感染IBV后,气管表面纤毛集结成束,有大量黏液附着,纤毛粘连。气管黏膜结构受损,局部气管黏膜上皮脱落,固有层裸露,大量炎性细胞渗出。随感染期的延长,症状有加剧趋势。研究结果为IBV的发病机理提供了形态学上的依据。 相似文献
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为了研究H5亚型高致病性禽流感病毒HA基因重组新城疫病毒活载体疫苗[rLa Sota-HA(GD)]的免疫机理,用rLa Sota-HA(GD)免疫2日龄SPF雏鸡,分别在接种后的1,3,5,10,15,18天取气管进行电镜、光镜观察,利用免疫组化染色(IHC)方法检测病毒在气管内的分布。结果表明:接种rLa Sota-HA(GD)后第1天纤毛细胞有脱纤毛现象,杯状细胞破碎,黏液成分增多,黏膜下层的纤维裸露在表面上,并可看到纤毛细胞的纤毛上有球形粒子,杯状细胞、基细胞大量增生;接种后第18天纤毛细胞脱纤毛区域进一步增大。接种后第3天黏膜下层水肿,淋巴细胞、粒细胞、浆细胞浸润,黏膜上皮形成空泡状,表层由数层不成熟的细胞组成;接种后第10天腺体腔闭塞。免疫组化染色可见气管固有层细胞呈阳性反应,棕色颗粒出现在胞浆中。结果说明气管黏膜的损伤是机体重要的防御机制和免疫机制的表现。 相似文献
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为观察由甲醛引起的小鼠肺组织氧化损伤，采用气管给药法将不同剂量的液态甲醛通过气管直接给药，连续染毒处死后，摘取小鼠肺组织，测定肺表面活性物质相关蛋白A（SP-A）含量、肺组织SOD活力以及MDA含量；制作肺组织HE染色切片，观察小鼠肺组织病理变化。结果表明，高、低剂量组的SP-A含量及肺组织SOD活力均显著低于生理盐水对照组（P〈0.05），高、低剂量组的肺组织MDA含量均显著高于生理盐水对照组（P〈0.05）；光镜下观察可见高、低剂量组的肺泡间质细胞增多，且炎症细胞增多，发生炎性浸润。综上提示，甲醛可引起小鼠肺组织氧化损伤。 相似文献
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《中国兽医学报》2016,(5):827-832
为检测纳米氧化锌对小鼠的亚慢性损伤作用,以不同剂量经口连续染毒纳米氧化锌,90d后摘眼球取血,对血常规、肝功、肾功、抗氧化指标进行检测。并扑杀各组小鼠,取肝脏、肾脏等组织,切片后经HE染色观察染毒小鼠的病理损伤。结果发现,40、160及320mg/kg剂量组小鼠红细胞数显著低于对照组(P0.05);40mg/kg剂量组小鼠血红蛋白含量极显著低于对照组(P0.01)。40mg/kg剂量组小鼠谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性显著高于对照组(P0.05)。80、320mg/kg剂量组小鼠谷草转氨酶(AST)活性显著高于对照组(P0.05)。80、160mg/kg剂量组小鼠血清肌酐含量极显著高于对照组(P0.01)。各染毒组小鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性极显著高于对照组(P0.01)。40、80及320 mg/kg剂量组小鼠血清抑制羟自由基能力极显著低于对照组(P0.01)。40mg/kg剂量组丙二醛(MDA)含量极显著高于对照组(P0.01)。80mg/kg剂量组小鼠血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性极显著高于40、160及320mg/kg剂量组(P0.01)。病理学检查结果显示,小肠黏膜结构不完整,绒毛出现断裂,黏膜上皮脱落。心肌纤维断裂,心肌细胞肿大,细胞核溶解、形状不规则。肝细胞排列不规则,轮廓模糊,有少量核溶解、核破裂现象,部分区域炎性细胞浸润。肾脏部分区域炎性细胞浸润,少量肾小球萎缩。结果表明,90d暴露纳米氧化锌能影响小鼠的抗氧化系统,并对小肠、肝脏、肾脏、心脏等脏器产生损伤作用。 相似文献
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《中国畜牧兽医文摘》2015,(4)
24只昆明小鼠随机分为对照组(8只,一次性灌胃生理盐水0.25 ml/只)、染毒组(8只,一次性灌胃百草枯水溶液250 mg/kg)和治疗组(8只,染毒小鼠按250 mg/kg剂量给予虎耳草水煎液灌胃治疗),给药2次/d,连续8 d。各组均于第9 d处死,取左肺制作石蜡切片。HE染色观察病理表现,免疫组化方法检测肺中表面活性蛋白A(surfactant-associated protein,SP-A)的含量。HE染色光镜病理观察,染毒组较对照组肺组织损伤程度显著加重,治疗组肺组织损伤减轻。染毒组肺泡上皮细胞SP-A表达的积分光密度(IOD)值明显高于对照组,同时高于治疗组。结果显示,百草枯中毒所致肺急性损伤在虎耳草水煎液的治疗下有所缓解和减轻症状。 相似文献
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为探究构建急性肺损伤模型的条件,本试验选用健康昆明小鼠,经腹腔注射递增剂量脂多糖（LPS）（0、2、4、6、8、10 mg/kg）,观察不同条件下小鼠呼吸频率、死亡率、肺脏干湿重比值及组织结构变化,检测炎症因子IL-10、TNF-α、IL-1β及IFN-γ在不同程度肺损伤中的表达量变化。结果显示,4 mg/kg LPS组肺脏干湿重比值显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;6、8和10 m/kg LPS组肺脏干湿重比值极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）。病理切片分析显示,6 mg/kg LPS组小鼠肺脏出现充血,肺泡腔及肺间质出现渗出,肺泡隔增厚,出现少量中性粒细胞浸润;8、10 mg/kg LPS组小鼠肺脏充血明显,肺泡腔及肺间质出现渗出,肺泡明显隔增厚,出现中性粒细胞浸润;与对照组相比,6、8、10 mg/kg LPS组肺组织中胶原纤维大量增多,且多出现在肺气管周围,10 mg/kg LPS组现象最明显。炎症因子检测分析结果显示,与对照组相比,2、4、6、8、10 mg/kg LPS组炎症因子均极显著增加（P<0.01）。结合病理组织切片及相关检测指标表明,昆明小鼠腹腔注射8 mg/kg LPS并作用12 h,可成功构建急性肺损伤模型。 相似文献
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In order to explore the building conditions of acute lung injury, healthy Kunming mice were selected, by intraperitoneal injection of cascade dose of LPS (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 mg/kg) to observe the mice respiratory frequency, mortality, lung W/D value and the changes of tissue structure in different conditions, and detect the expression changes of inflammation cytokine, IL-10,TNF-α, IL-1β and IFN-γ. The results showed that compared with control group, lung W/D value in 4 mg/kg LPS group significantly increased (P<0.05) and lung W/D values in 6, 8 and 10 mg/kg LPS groups extremely significantly increased (P<0.01). Pathological analysis showed that 6 mg/kg LPS group appeared lung congestion, alveolar luminal and pulmonary interstitial exudation, alveolar septal thickening, and a small amount of neutrophil infiltration. 8 and 10 mg/kg LPS groups appeared pulmonary congestion, alveolar and pulmonary interstitial exudation, alveolar septal thickening and neutrophil infiltration. Compared with control group, collagen fibers of the lung tissue in 6, 8, 10 mg/kg LPS group increased, and more appeared in the lung around the trachea, 10 mg/kg LPS group was the most obvious. The inflammatory factors in 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mg/kg LPS groups had extremely significantly increased compared with control group (P<0.01). Pathological biopsy and related indicators showed that the model of mice could be successfully constructed by intraperitoneal injection of 8 mg/kg LPS for 12 h. 相似文献
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通过气管、消化道和肌肉注射接种鼻气管鸟杆菌（Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale,ORT）人工感染SPF雏鸡,观察试验鸡的发病情况及症状,并检测各试验组和对照组的体质量;利用建立的PCR检测方法对试验组和对照组的排菌情况进行动态观察;于感染后不同时间随机剖杀试验组和对照组鸡只,采集心脏、肝脏、肺脏和气管等组织固定、切片、H.E.染色,观察各器官病理组织学变化,利用建立的IFA方法对ORT在雏鸡体内的分布进行研究,并进行血常规和血液生化指标检测。结果表明,ORT接种后,主要引起雏鸡的呼吸困难、咳嗽等症状,增重明显降低;病理组织学变化以肝脏、心脏组织细胞变性,气管和肺脏广泛性出血和炎性细胞浸润为特征;IFA阳性信号主要分布于肺脏和气管;从感染后2～8d一直可持续排菌;HGB、WBC、RBC、BUN和AST发生显著变化。这表明ORT感染主要引起雏鸡的呼吸系统病变,气管接种比消化道和肌肉注射接种对雏鸡致病性强,肺脏和气管是ORT侵害的主要靶器官。 相似文献
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Clinical and Pathologic Effects of a Modified Technique for Application of Spiral Prostheses to the Cervical Trachea of Dogs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
BONNIE E. COYNE dvm ms ROGER B. FINGLAND dvm MS acvs GEORGE A. KENNEDY dvm PhD acvp RICHARD M. DEBOWES dvm ms acvs 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1993,22(4):269-275
A modified surgical technique for application of extraluminal polypropylene spiral prostheses (PSP) to the trachea was developed. A portion of the segmental blood supply to the collapsed segment of trachea was maintained by fenestrating rather than completely dissecting the right lateral pedicle. Polypropylene spiral prostheses were applied to the cervical trachea of 12 dogs (group I) via the modified technique and to 12 dogs (group II) with the identical surgical dissection but without PSP applied. Clinical abnormalities included mild coughing in group I dogs and swelling of the incisions in both groups. Limited necrosis and moderate degeneration and inflammation were observed histologically in both groups. Pathologic changes were worse in the caudal cervical segment of the trachea. Mucosal regeneration was present on day 10 in both groups. Transmural tracheal necrosis was not observed. The modified technique for application of PSP is recommended by the authors because it provides adequate surgical exposure and the blood supply preserved by segmentally dissecting the right lateral pedicle is adequate to maintain tracheal viability. 相似文献
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鸡感染传染性支气管炎病毒后脏器内病毒动态分布研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对IBV在鸡器官内动态分布进行了初步研究。分别用IBV T株、M41、H52、H120、上海野毒(Sh1、Sh2、Sh3)对7个试验组的鸡攻毒,分别用AIV、NDV以及IBDV对3个对照组鸡攻毒,然后定期剖杀采样,并用套式RT-PCR方法进行检测。结果为攻毒后第3天和第7天,7个IBV攻毒组的肾脏、气管、肝脏、肺脏和扁桃体中均检测到IBV;第14天,H52组、H120组肝脏、扁桃体IBV检测阴性,其余脏器均为阳性,其他组5个脏器均为阳性;第21天,M41组、H52组、H120组肾脏、肝脏、扁桃体检测阴性,其余为阳性,其他组5个脏器全为阳性;第28天,M41组、T组、H52组、H120组、Sh1组肾脏、肝脏、扁桃体以及T组的肝脏和扁桃体为阴性,其余脏器为阳性,其他组5个脏器仍为阳性;35 d后,各实验组各脏器均为阴性。整个试验阶段,对照组的IBV检测均为阴性。由此可见,IBV不同毒株组织嗜性存在明显差异,导致IBV各毒株在感染鸡体内的分布和消长规律存在着差异。这为阐明IBV致病机理提供了必要的试验依据。 相似文献
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Matthijs MG Ariaans MP Dwars RM van Eck JH Bouma A Stegeman A Vervelde L 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2009,127(1-2):77-84
Colibacillosis results from infection with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli bacteria. Healthy broilers are resistant to inhaled E. coli, but previous infection with vaccine or virulent strains of Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) predisposes birds for severe colibacillosis. The aim of this study was to investigate how IBV affects the course of events upon infection with E. coli. Broilers were inoculated with IBV H120 vaccine virus or virulent M41 and challenged 5 days later with E. coli 506. A PBS and E. coli group without previous virus inoculation were included. Sections of trachea, lung and airsacs were stained for CD4, CD8, gammadelta-TCR, alphabeta1-TCR, and for macrophages (KUL-01) and both pathogens. Changes in the mucociliary barrier of trachea, lung and airsacs did not predispose for bacterial superinfection. The disease in the lungs of the E. coli group and both IBV/E. coli groups was similar. Lesions in the airsacs were more pronounced and of longer duration in the IBV/E. coli groups. The immunocytological changes differed substantially between the E. coli group and both IBV/E. coli groups. In trachea, lungs and airsacs the CD4+ and CD8+ populations were significantly larger than in the E. coli and PBS groups. In the lungs and the airsacs the macrophages were more numerous in the IBV/E. coli and the E. coli groups than in the PBS group. The presence of high numbers of T cells and macrophages in IBV infected birds most likely induced an altered immune response, which is responsible for the enhanced clinical signs of colibacillosis. 相似文献
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Wenya Zheng Ben Liu Wei Hu Yan Cui 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(1):1-13
The aim of the present study was to investigate the pathological injury and the expression of heat shock proteins in the caprine lung, trachea and bronchus under transport stress. 12 healthy male goats were selected and randomly divided into three groups. The control group (non-transported group), 2 hr transport-treated group and 6 hr transport-treated group. Morphological changes as well as the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs, mainly HSP27, HSP70 and HSP90) in three parts of the respiratory tract were examined. Our results showed swollen mucosa and congestive blood vessels in mucous layer and submucosa, inflammatory cell infiltration as well as degeneration and necrosis of mucosal epithelial cells in trachea and bronchus of the transport-treated groups. The epithelial cells were degenerated, and the exfoliated cells and debris could be seen in the alveolar cavity. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that HSP27 and HSP70 were strongly expressed in tracheal and bronchial epithelium, glandular epithelium, vascular endothelium and bronchiole epithelium. And the amount of positive inflammatory cells was increased in transport-treated groups. Western blot results indicated that the expression of all three proteins had no obvious difference among the three groups in bronchi (p > .05). In trachea, there was no significant difference in the expression of heat shock proteins among the three groups except that the expression of HSP70 which was obviously higher in the two transported groups than the control group (p < .05). The expression level of HSP70 in the 2 hr transport-treated group was significantly higher than the 6 hr group (p < .05) and control groups (p < .05). However, there was no significant difference in the expression level of HSP27 and HSP90 in three groups (p > .05). In conclusion, our data showed that transport stress could damage the caprine respiratory system. 相似文献
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Scanning electron microscopic study of the lower respiratory tract in calves and adult cattle 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The surface characteristics of the lower respiratory tract of two groups of cattle were studied with the scanning electron microscope. Group A comprised six one-week-old calves and group B four adult cows. None of the animals had overt respiratory disease or gross morphological evidence of pulmonary lesions. The trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli of the cranial and the caudal lobes of the right lung were examined. In both groups the luminal surface of the trachea and large bronchi were completely covered by cilia, apparently forming an efficient mucociliary escalator. In the adult animals there were some patchy areas in the trachea and large bronchi devoid of ciliated cells; these were considered abnormal. In the bronchi, non-ciliated cells, mainly mucus-secreting, were not easily identified unless they were discharging secretion. In small bronchi, non-ciliated cells were more evident and easily seen. The bronchioles had many non-ciliated cells and very few ciliated cells capable of forming a complete carpet for a mucociliary escalator. Types 1 and 2 alveolar epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages were identified in both groups. Pores of Kohn were found in the alveolar walls in all animals. 相似文献
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Velayudhan BT McComb B Bennett RS Lopes VC Shaw D Halvorson DA Nagaraja KV 《Avian diseases》2005,49(4):520-526
The objectives of the present study were to investigate the pathogenesis of a recent isolate of avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) in turkeys and to evaluate the quantitative distribution of the virus in various tissues during the course of infection. Seventy 2-week-old turkey poults were divided equally into two groups. One group was inoculated with aMPV (MN 19) with a titer of 10(5.5) TCID50 oculonasally. Birds in the second group were maintained as sham-inoculated controls. Birds showed severe clinical signs in the form of copious nasal discharge, swollen sinus, conjunctivitis, and depression from 4 days postinoculation (PI) to 12 days PI. Samples from nasal turbinates, trachea, conjunctiva, Harderian gland, infraorbital sinus, lungs, liver, and spleen were collected at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 14 days PI. Histopathologic lesions such as a multifocal loss of cilia were prominent in nasal turbinate and were seen from 3 to 11 days PI. Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of aMPV from 3 to 9 days PI in nasal turbinate and trachea. Viral RNA could be detected for 14 days PI from nasal turbinate and for 9 days from trachea. In situ hybridization demonstrated the presence of aMPV from 1 to 11 days PI in nasal turbinates and from 3 to 9 days PI in the trachea. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction data showed the presence of a maximum amount of virus at 3 days PI in nasal turbinate and trachea. Clinically and histopathologically, the new isolate appears to be more virulent compared to the early isolates of aMPV in the United States. 相似文献
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为研究疫苗滴鼻免疫对鸡气管功能的影响，本研究对SPF鸡滴鼻免疫新城疫疫苗后气管纤毛摆动速率、气管形态结构和黏液分泌进行了研究。80只7日龄SPF鸡随机分为对照组和试验组，每组40只，试验组SPF鸡滴鼻免疫新城疫弱毒疫苗，对照组滴鼻生理盐水；于免疫后的第0、2、4和6天，每组每次随机剖杀10只鸡，应用红细胞示踪法测定气管纤毛摆动速率，采集气管制备石蜡组织切片进行HE和奥新蓝pH 2.5和pH 1.0染色。结果发现，疫苗免疫后的第0和2天试验组SPF鸡纤毛摆动速率较对照组升高，但差异不显著（P>0.05）；滴鼻免疫后SPF鸡气管结构完整，无明显损伤；滴鼻免疫后试验组SPF鸡气管酸性黏液分布容积在免疫后的第0和2天显著高于对照组（P<0.05），而后明显降低，于免疫后的第6天又有所升高，但差异不显著（P>0.05）；硫酸化黏液分布容积在免疫后的第0和2天显著升高（P<0.05），而后降低并与对照组相一致。结果表明，新城疫疫苗滴鼻免疫后前两天SPF鸡气管黏液分泌增多，而后恢复到正常水平，疫苗的免疫对气管形态结构和纤毛的摆动速率无明显影响。 相似文献