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为了明确不同耐密型玉米品种农艺性状与产量的关系,对玉米产量与穗部性状进行相关性分析。结果表明:(1)产量与百粒重、单穗粒重、秃尖长及出籽率均呈极显著正相关;穗行数与产量呈极显著负相关。偏相关分析中单穗粒重、出籽率和百粒重对产量影响较大,但相关性不显著。(2)单穗粒重与行粒数相关系数最大。(3)天农9号相关性分析中,穗粗、单穗粒重和百粒重对产量影响较大,品种改良时优先选择大粒组合;太玉339产量受秃尖长影响最大,其次是出籽率和穗行数,品种改良时优先选择穗行数多的组合;太玉803产量受穗长、穗行数和出籽率影响较大,品种改良时可以优先选择果穗长和穗行数多的组合。(4)不同种植密度下,单穗粒重是决定产量的最主要因素,百粒重和穗长都对产量有显著影响;中密度时还可通过提高脱水速率和增加行粒数提高产量;高密度时还可通过增大出籽率提高产量。 相似文献
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玉米产量性状主基因-多基因遗传效应的初步研究 总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24
利用主基因 -多基因遗传模型 ,以玉米杂交组合农大 3138的P1,P2 ,F1和F2∶3 家系为材料 ,联合分析了玉米产量性状的遗传效应。结果表明 :穗长、穗粗、穗重和单株粒重是由多基因模型控制 ;行粒数和千粒重检测到 1对完全显性主基因 ,穗行数和秃顶长存在 2对主效基因 ,而且穗行数的 2对主效基因之间存在互作效应。同时对不同方法计算出来的遗传率作了比较 ,认为存在主效基因的性状遗传率偏低的原因是由于基因的显性作用所致。讨论了不同产量性状的育种对策 相似文献
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运用灰关联熵分析的方法,对18个玉米杂交种产量与主要农艺性状进行了灰关联熵分析。结果表明:玉米杂交种产量与主要农艺性状的熵关联度为:穗长0.990 6,穗粗0.988 6,穗行数0.990 1,行粒数0.992 6,虚尖长0.991 7,轴粗0.987 9,穗粒重0.999 4,出籽率0.994 0,千粒重0.992 1,株高0.990 3,穗位高0.993 6;熵关联序为:穗粒重﹥出籽率﹥穗位高﹥行粒数﹥千粒重﹥虚尖长﹥穗长﹥株高﹥穗行数﹥穗粗﹥轴粗。杂交种选育应注重穗粒较重、出籽率高、穗位适中、行粒数较多组合的选择,而对株高、穗行数、穗粗、轴粗的选择应适当放宽要求。 相似文献
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为了掌握生产上广泛使用的12个玉米单交种的主要农艺性状间的关系,对被测试材料的植株、穗粒、产量以及品质性状进行了灰色关联度分析。结果表明：与产量密切相关的植株与穗粒性状是出籽率、行粒数、穗粗、穗粒重、百粒重等,其关联度在0.4353~0.3327。与粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗淀粉和赖氨酸含量等营养品质密切相关的植株与穗粒性状是出籽率、株高、穗长、轴粗、行粒数等,其关联度在0.5106~0.3929。综上所述,对于不同玉米种质材料进行遗传改良宜在保证正常生长的前提下,优先对出籽率、百粒重进行选择,还要注重对株高、穗长、轴粗、行粒数等性状的选择,进而提高育种效率。 相似文献
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44个玉米杂交种产量与主要农艺性状的灰色关联度分析 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
为探明玉米品种的主要农艺性状对产量的影响程度,用灰色关联度的分析方法,对2013年44个玉米品种的主要农艺性状与产量进行关联分析。结果表明：在参试品种中穗粗(0.9874)、叶片数(0.9645)、穗长(0.9488)、株高(0.9465)、穗行数(0.9429)、百粒重(0.9244)、穗位(0.9088)、出籽率(0.8882)、秃尖(0.7381)等性状影响着玉米产量,其中,影响最大的主要性状是玉米的穗粗、叶片数和穗长,其次是株高和穗行数,千粒重对产量的影响相对居中,相比较之下,穗位、出籽率和秃尖对产量的影响最小。 相似文献
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华北地区冬小麦产量潜力分布特征及其影响因素 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用华北地区农业气象观测站作物资料,验证APSIM-Wheat作物模拟模型区域尺度有效性,结合1961-2007年47年逐日气候资料,分析冬小麦潜在产量、水分限制产量和水氮限制产量时空分布特征,明确了气候因素对冬小麦不同等级产量潜力分布特征的影响程度。对APSIM-Wheat模型在华北地区区域尺度上进行验证,结果显示区域化模型在华北地区有较好的适用性。华北地区冬小麦各层次产量在时间上总体呈下降趋势,空间上呈带状分布,不同层次产量空间分布特征有所差别：冬小麦潜在产量从东北向西南减少,水分限制产量从东南向西北递减,水氮限制产量从东向西先增加后降低在山东济宁地区达到最大;河北省为冬小麦潜在产量和水氮限制产量的高值区,同时为水分限制产量的低值区,增加灌溉是提高其产量的主要途径;山东省为冬小麦潜在产量和水分限制产量的高值区,水氮限制产量的低值区,增施氮肥是提高其产量的主要途径;河南省为冬小麦潜在产量的低值区,辐射是其主要限制因素。决定冬小麦潜在产量时空分布特征的最主要气候要素为生长季内总辐射,总辐射与潜在产量呈极显著正相关关系;决定冬小麦水分限制产量分布特征的最主要气候要素为冬小麦生长季内降水量,呈极显著正相关关系;气候要素对于冬小麦水氮限制产量空间分布特征的解释方差较小,仅为0.48,故土壤等其他因素对其空间分布影响较大。气候变化背景下,如不改变作物品种,冬小麦各级产量潜力呈下降趋势,造成其下降的主要原因为总辐射下降以及随积温增加冬小麦生长季缩短,决定冬小麦产量潜力空间分布的主要因素为总辐射和降水量。 相似文献
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H. Hänsel 《Plant Breeding》2001,120(3):223-226
This study was initiated to find a method to correct the phenotypic yield for the yield decreasing influence of disease infection (= DC‐yield potential). The inter‐cultivar regressions of yield vs. disease infection were calculated in official trials in Germany and Austria with spring barley in 1983 and 1984 and with winter barley in 1996, 1997 and 1998, respectively. The residual of a genotype was interpreted as a measure of its DC‐yield potential. The cultivar range of the DC‐yield potential was 58.3% and 59.5% of the phenotypic yield range and the heritability of the residuals was about 10% below that of yield. In the spring barley experiments with and without fungicides the individual residual remained approximately constant even when the mildew infection changed remarkably, suggesting a useful predictability of individual yield performance when the degree of infection is changed either by environment, pathotype, or resistance genes. 相似文献
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Summary The expected improvement in grain yield if selection was made for plant characters measured between flowering and maturity was evaluated in populations of rapeseed (Brassica campestris and B. napus) grown in a droughted environment. Drought was commenced at flowering in each species and measurements were made on plants at the commencement of the drought stress, during the stress treatment and at crop maturity.Substantial genetic and phenotypic variation was observed in yield as well as the different morphophysiological determinants of yield. In B. campestris no single parameter was found to be a suitable alternative selection criterion to yield since the correlated responses in yield if selection was for another character was lower than if selection was for yield alone. By the use of a selection index however, joint selection for yield, as well as harvest index, 1000 seed weight and seeds per pod, was expected to be 20% more effective than direct selection for yield under drought. In the B. napus population direct selection for flowering time or for harvest index was predicted to result in a genetic advance in yield equal to or greater than that obtained by direct selection for yield, whereas joint selection for flowering time and yield should result in a 16% greater yield increase. Selection for increased yield in these populations grown in droughted conditions is discussed. 相似文献
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高产小麦品种模式化选育的初步研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文探讨了高产小麦品种理想模式的概念、特点和品种模式化选育的理论依据及优点。对37个亩产400公斤以上的高产品种的产量与其构成因素、形态性状、生理性状以及这些性状之间的关系进行了多元和简单相关分析。针对山东的生态条件和品种的现状，优化了亩产600-650公斤的品种模式。探讨了各类性状间的有机联系和协调发展产量潜 相似文献
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The effect of plant breeding on yield and their physiological determinants has been widely studied in wheat. However, it is
poorly understood how, and to what extent, yield stability has been modified. To attempt a direct analysis of changes in absolute
and relative yield stability, data of yield of cultivars released in different eras in different environments were obtained
from records from our lab and from the literature. Depending on the availability of data, effects of plant breeding on yield
stability of cultivars released in Argentina, Australia, Italy and the United Kingdom were evaluated using a quantitative
approach. In this paper it was assumed that the slope of yield vs. environmental index estimates the instability of the cultivars.
In addition, a more qualitative approach for Mexico, and the former USSR complemented this analysis. There was a clear decrease
in yield stability assessed in absolute terms as a consequence of wheat breeding. In Argentina, Australia, Italy and the UK
this decrease was related to the magnitude of yield increases. However, the decrease in yield stability in Argentina and Australia
was less than for Italy and the UK, particularly so during the last 30 years. Modern cultivars released in Argentina and Australia
showed a trend to maintain yield stability as a percentage of their yield similar to that of their predecessors, while the
two European countries analysed tended to a slight decrease in yield stability even in relative terms. The complementary,
less quantitative evaluation of Mexico and the former USSR appeared to confirm the quantitative trends described for the other
countries, i.e. a general decrease in yield stability (assessed in absolute terms) with genetic gains in yield potential.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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宁夏银北引黄灌区灌淤土壤养分丰缺状况研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了提出适合宁夏银北引黄灌区农地种植水稻、小麦和玉米的合理施肥量,以氮素、磷素、钾素为试验因子,设无肥(N0P0K0)、无氮(N0P2K2)、无磷(N2P0K2)、无钾(N2P2K0)、氮磷钾(N2P2K2)全施5个处理,重复3次,随机区组排列,对土壤养分丰缺状况的试验研究和评价。结果表明：本地区农地种植水稻,化肥对水稻产量的贡献率是36.5%,其中氮肥对水稻产量的贡献率是11.9%,磷肥对水稻产量的贡献率是10.5%,钾肥对水稻产量没有影响。本地区农地种植小麦,化肥对小麦产量的贡献率是56.3%,其中氮肥对小麦产量的贡献率是28.0%,磷肥对小麦产量的贡献率是9.2%,钾肥对小麦产量的贡献率是1.2%。本地区农地种植玉米（套种）,化肥对玉米产量的贡献率是62.4%,其中氮肥对玉米产量的贡献率是53.2%,磷肥对玉米产量的贡献率是15.5%,钾肥对玉米产量的贡献率是6.9%。因此得出,本地区种植农作物对化肥的依赖性较大,施用化肥具有明显的增产效果,其中氮肥对农作物产量起主要作用,磷肥对农作物的产量影响较小,钾肥对农作物的产量影响不大,可以不施或少施。 相似文献
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探讨棉花染色体片段代换系皮棉产量与产量构成因素之间的相关关系,明确其产量育种的主攻方向,以1套陆地棉染色体片段代换系及F1为材料,采用相关与通径分析的方法,对5种环境条件下代换系亲本及F1的皮棉产量与产量构成因素进行分析。结果表明,产量构成因素的变异系数以铃数最大,铃重次之,衣分最小,且F1产量构成因素的变异系数在所有环境下均比代换系亲本要小。铃数、衣分及铃重与皮棉产量均呈正相关,除个别环境外均达到显著性水平,其与皮棉产量的相关和偏相关系数在代换系亲本中以铃数最大,而F1中则以衣分最大。衣分,铃数与皮棉产量的相关程度受环境影响小,而铃重受环境影响较大。除1种环境外,代换系亲本的直接通径系数以铃数最大,衣分次之,铃重最小,而F1中则以衣分最大,铃数次之,铃重最小;代换系亲本中各因素的间接通径系数均为正值,而F1中铃数与铃重相互之间的间接通径系数均为负值。材料类型和环境条件不同,其产量构成因素与皮棉产量的相关程度及贡献大小也存在较大差异。代换系亲本产量育种的主攻目标前期应该重在衣分,后期重在铃数,而F1则始终以提高衣分为主。 相似文献
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甬优系列杂交稻品种的超高产群体特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以籼粳杂交稻有代表性的品种甬优11、甬优12、甬优13、甬优15、甬优17为试材, 通过栽培措施的调控, 形成超高产(产量≥12.0 t hm-2)和高产(10.5 t hm-2 ≤产量＜12.0 t hm-2)群体。比较研究其特征表明, 与高产群体比,超高产群体的总颖花量极显著提高, 而结实率和千粒重略降低;平均每穗粒数极显著提高, 并且一、二次枝粳数以及粒数显著或极显著提高;拔节期的干物重略低, 但抽穗期和成熟期的干物重均显著或极显著提高;其有效分蘖临界叶龄期至拔节期的生长平稳, 无效分蘖发生少, 高峰苗低, 拔节期以后茎蘖数下降平缓, 成穗率、叶面积指数、光合势、干物质积累量等均较高;基部第1、第2、第3节间的茎秆粗度和茎壁厚度及基部第1、第2、第3节间的弯曲力矩、抗折力均显著或极显著提高, 且倒伏指数减小。 相似文献