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1.
水稻栽培品种淀粉合成相关基因来源及其对品质的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
【目的】明确高产水稻品种中与淀粉合成相关基因的性质，为稻米品质改良提供指导。【方法】以53个典型的籼粳品种和近年育成的高产水稻品种为材料，分析了供试品种的理化品质和RVA谱特征，并利用根据籼粳基因组序列差异设计的Wx、Sbe1、Sbe3基因的分子标记，检测了53个水稻品种的基因型，并分析了3个基因位点的遗传学效应。【结果】3个分子标记均能很好的区分3个位点上等位基因的籼粳来源，根据3个位点的基因型可将53个品种分为6种类型。单个基因遗传效应分析表明：在不同基因型品种间淀粉的理化特性（AC，GC, RVA）存在显著或极显著差异，3个基因的联合效应在不同基因型组合间也存在显著的差异。【结论】3个基因在高产品种培育过程中得到了广泛的交流和重组，而且3个基因位点上的不同等位基因（籼粳）对稻米淀粉的合成具有不同的遗传效应。其中Wx基因的影响是最主要的，Sbe1、Sbe3基因次之。3个基因位点的分子标记可为高产品种的品质改良提供快捷的工具。 相似文献
2.
软米是云南种植历史悠久的一类优质特色稻种,研究其籽粒淀粉品质特性对阐明优质食味米机制、改良稻米食味具有重要学术价值和现实意义。以36份云南软米地方品种为研究材料,以高直链淀粉品种、糯米品种、软米育成品种及其他育成品种为对照材料,测定不同环境下种植收获的稻谷的直链淀粉含量、胶稠度、糊化温度和RVA特征值等稻米淀粉品质指标,利用相关分析、方差分析等方法比较分析淀粉品质特性与环境稳定性。结果表明,36份云南软米地方品种的籽粒淀粉品质主要特性为:直链淀粉含量和胶稠度居中;糊化温度最高,但与对照间均无显著差异(P>0.05);RVA谱特征值中峰值黏度和崩解值较高;热浆黏度、冷胶黏度、消减值、峰值时间和起浆温度基本介于高直链淀粉品种与糯米品种之间。同时,云南软米品种(指云南软米地方品种和软米育成品种总称)与高直链淀粉品种、糯米品种和其他育成品种之间的热浆黏度、冷胶黏度、消减值存在显著差异(P<0.05)。相关分析表明,云南软米品种,尤其是云南软米地方品种,直链淀粉含量与RVA谱特征值之间存在显著相关性(P<0.05)。云南软米地方品种的籽粒淀粉品质特性受环境影响最大,10个性状中,除糊化温度外,其余9个性状均表现显著差异(P<0.05)。也发现云南软米地方品种的淀粉品质特征与其来源地有关系,来自南部边缘水、陆稻区与滇南单、双季籼稻区材料的淀粉品质特性之间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。综上,描述云南软米品种籽粒淀粉品质主要特征时,除了将直链淀粉含量作为基本描述性指标外,还需结合热浆黏度、冷胶黏度、消减值3个RVA谱特征值指标进行综合评价,也需注意云南软米地方品种籽粒淀粉品质特性的表现对环境敏感,选育广适应性软米品种难度极大。 相似文献
3.
Anther culture pure lines with antisense Wx gene were generated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated co-transformation followed by anther culture in transgenic rice （Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica）. The antisense Wx transgenic pure lines were used to analyze the differences and the relationship between RVA eigenvalues among the lines with different amylose contents. 77 pure lines of anther culture having antisense Wx gene were studied for the amylose content of its offspring cultivar, Wuyunjing 7. It was found that levels ofamylose content were similar to the control in 19 lines （16.0%）; 1-5% lower than control in 50 lines, of which, within 11.0-13.9% in 40 lines; and 3.1-4.0% in 8 lines. The effect of the amylose content on RVA eigenvalue was analyzed through the RVA profile graphic comparison and test of significance for RVA eigenvalues. The analysis of RVA profiles with different amylose contents indicated that there were two kinds of RVA profiles within genetically similar cultivars. The lines with 3.1-4.0% of amylose content were distinctly different from other lines and conventional glutinous rice. The comparison of the similarity curve of RVA profile of the lines with different amylose contents showed that the lines with lower amylose content had a distinguished RVA profile with the curve increasing gradually, but not exceeding the first apex. The test of significance for eigenvalues of the RVA profile in the lines with different amylose contents indicated that there were five eigenvalues remarkably different among the lines with 3.1-4.0% of amylose content compared with other two groups. Further, there were three eigenvalues remarkably different among the lines with 11.0-13.5% of amylose content compared with control group. An optimized mathematical model, which characterizes the relationships between the amylose content and RVA eigenvalue, has been established in this study. From this model, it was clearly indicated that the parameters PeT and SBV were more related to amylose content. It was concluded that the differences in amylose content not only affected the eigenvalues of RVA but also caused different RVA profiles within genetically similar cultivars. The introduction of antisense Wx gene could lead to reduce the amylose content and lay theoretical foundation for quality improvement in rice breeding programs. 相似文献
4.
Rice-based flakes made from 7 mid-season rice varieties （4 indica and 3 japonica subspecies） and 3 early season indica varieties produced both in early and late season were studied for their main physicochemical characters, including water activity, film thickness, bulk density （BD）, ash, reducing sugars （RS）, protein, phytic acid, starch, amylose, and rapid visco analyser （RVA） viscosity profile. A significant varietal effect was found for all these parameters （P〈 0.05 or 0.01） except starch. Strong variety x season interactions were observed but the seasonal effect was less pronounced, and only significant （P〈0.01） for RS. The apparent amylose content （AAC） office flakes was significantly correlated （P〈0.01） with AAC （r=0.99） and several RVA profile parameters [e.g., final viscosity （r=0.92）] of rice flour. For rice flakes, BD was significantly correlated with AAC （r=0.82, P〈0.01） and most RVA profile parameters. The study indicates that varietal and environmental effects should be considered simultaneously for optimal production of rice grains for rice flakes manufacturing. 相似文献
5.
为探讨水稻胚乳淀粉合成相关酶基因表达丰度与直链淀粉含量(AC)的相关性,为稻米品质改良提供指导,以127份早籼稻,143份晚粳稻和19份粳糯稻为材料,应用水稻胚乳RNA阵列分析了供试品系的直链淀粉含量和Wx(包括成熟转录本和非成熟转录本)、Sbe I基因mRNA丰度之间的相关性。结果表明,Wx基因非成熟转录本的剪接及修饰对AC值的大小起着十分重要的决定作用。而sbeI基因在不同品系间的相对表达丰度与相对应的AC值无直接相关性。 相似文献
6.
不同海拔条件下两种耐冷型粳稻品种的淀粉RVA谱特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]研究不同海拔环境条件下耐冷性粳米淀粉RVA谱特性的变化规律,以及水稻耐冷性对稻米品质的影响,旨在为云南高原粳稻优质耐冷新品种的选育提供科学依据。[方法]以4个强耐冷型粳稻品种和5个弱耐冷型粳稻品种为材料,分别种植于3个不同海拔生态类型的代表点,比较分析云南高原粳稻区不同海拔条件下不同耐冷性粳稻品种的稻米淀粉RVA谱变化特征。[结果]随种植海拔的升高,弱耐冷性品种的消减值明显增大,峰值黏度和崩解值显著减小,而强耐冷品种的峰值黏度和崩解值呈先降后升趋势,消减值的变化则表现先升后降趋势。[结论]强耐冷性品种的稻米淀粉RVA谱特性受海拔变化的影响较弱耐冷性品种小,蒸煮食味品质的变化相对较稳定,但弱耐冷性品种的蒸煮食味品质随海拔升高明显呈变劣趋势。 相似文献
7.
S-a, S-b and S-c are three loci for F1 pollen sterility in cultivated rice （Oryza sativa L.）. Taichung 65 （T65） is all Sj/Sj at these three loci, while its F1 pollen sterile near-isogenic lines, TISL2 （S-b）, TISL4 （S-a） and TISL5 （S-c） is Sj/Sj according to their respective sterility locus. Using SSR molecular marker to detect the segregation of the allele Si and Sj in pollen calli population induced from different hybrid F1, which have different pollen sterility locus, showed that the segregation of allele Si and Sj was distorted. The distorted direction of pollen calli population in vitro was not the same as F2 population in vivo. The quantities of pollen callus carrying Sj were much more than that of carrying Siat S-a and S-c locus, the ratio of Si and Sj were 1：4.81 and 1：1.96 respectively. But the opposite tendency was observed at S-b locus, the ratio of Si and Sj being 1：0.35. At the same time, all these results were undisturbed by either culture medium or culture period. 相似文献
8.
9.
A genetic diversity assessment of starch quality traits in rice landraces from the Taihu basin,China
《农业科学学报》2016,(3)
There are nearly 1 000 rice landrace varieties in the Taihu basin, China. To assess the genetic diversity of the rice, 24 intragenic molecular markers(representing 17 starch synthesis-related genes) were investigated in 115 Taihu basin rice landraces and 87 improved cultivars simultaneously. The results show that the average genetic diversity and polymorphism information content values of the landraces were higher than those of improved cultivars. In total, 41 and 39 allele combinations(of the 17 genes) were derived from the landraces and improved cultivars, respectively; only two identical allele combinations were found bet ween the two rice variety sources. Cluster analysis, based on the molecular markers, revealed that the rice varieties could be subdivided into five groups and, within these, the japonica improved rice and japonica landrace rice varieties were in two separate groups. According to the quality reference criteria to classify the rice into grades, some of the landraces were found to perform we ll, in terms of starch quality. For example, according to NY /T595-2002 criteria from the Ministry of Agriculture of China, 25 and 33 landraces reached grade 1, in terms of their apparent amylose content and gel consistency. Th e varieties that had outstanding quality could be used as breeding materials for rice quality breeding programs in the future. Our study is useful for future applications, such as genetic diversity studies, the protection of rice variety and improvment of rice quality in breeding programs. 相似文献
10.
太湖流域水稻地方种的稻米品质RVA谱多样性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对494份太湖地区晚粳稻、糯稻、早籼稻地方种材料的稻米品质RVA谱特征进行测定与分析,结果表明:这些种质资源的稻米品质RVA谱曲线特征分化明显,种质问RVA特征值均有极显著差异,呈现出从籼性到糯性连续变化的特征,形成不同的特征类群.大多数种质(51.9%)的RVA谱的消减值在300～1 000 cp,属于典型的粳稻品种;少量种质(1.4%)具有糯性淀粉RVA谱特征;一些种质(9.8%)表现出为典型的籼稻淀粉RVA谱特征;部分种质(38.0%)具有优质的RVA谱特征,即消减值为负值,表明种质的淀粉性质存在明显的差异.各特征值的表型遗传多样性指数均大于1,其中崩解值的遗传多样性指数达2.04.RVA谱各特征值问显著相关,并可用崩解值、消减值2个指标来简化定量描述稻米RVA谱的特征. 相似文献
11.
稻瘟病抗性基因研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
朱有勇 《云南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》1988,3(1):37-44
本文选用了经抗性鉴定的14个地方品种和生产品种作父本,与广谱感病品种丽江新团黑谷杂交,用对父本非致病的代表菌株在温室对14个组合38套F2糸统进行人工接种鉴定。结果表明:在测试的14个品种中,除毫薅中杂对所接种菌株的抗性受三对基因控制外,其余品种对所接种的菌株的抗性分别受两对或一对基因控制。并且发现,在两对基因控制的情况中,存在着基因间的互补、重叠和上位作用;在一对基因控制的情况中,有个别基因呈不完全显性。利用日本一套鉴别菌株测定并推断了我省39个品种的抗性类型,结果有8个品种相似城堡一号型(Pi-zt),6个品种相似Pi-NO4型(Pi-ta2),相似社糯型(Pi-ta)和爱知旭型(Pi-a)的品种各有2个,类似加贺光型(Pi-i,Pi-k)和关东51型(Pi-k)的品种各有7个,4个品种相似石狩白毛型(Pi-i),其余3个品种相似新2号型(Pi—ks)。本文研究结果对选育抗病良种及筛选单基因鉴别品种均具有重要意义。 相似文献
12.
为了比较高低抗性淀粉含量水稻种质间淀粉主要特性差异,利用江苏省农科院水稻品种资源项目组筛选出的抗性淀粉含量有极显著差异的水稻种质,比较分析了 RVA特征值和淀粉晶体热力学差异。结果表明,抗性淀粉含量较高的3个水稻材料崩解值较低,而消减值较高;抗性淀粉含量较小的3个水稻材料崩解值较高,而消减值较低。高低抗性淀粉含量水稻种质间 RVA特征值和淀粉晶体热力学有较大的差异,可为高抗性淀粉含量功能性水稻品种育种提供新的选育指标。 相似文献
13.
为了充分利用太湖流域优质的粳稻种质资源,选取161份太湖流域粳稻地方品种(系)为试验材料,对其10个食味性状进行分析评价。结果表明,太湖流域不同水稻品种(系)的食味品质间存在极显著差异。不同品种的稻米RVA谱曲线特征值与直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量、脂肪酸含量间均存在一定的相关性;崩解值和消减值2个指标不仅可以反映RVA谱曲线的基本特征,同时又可以反映稻米食味品质的优劣。低直链淀粉含量的水稻品种的RVA谱仍存在较大的差异。随着脂肪酸含量的增加,峰值黏度、热浆黏度、崩解值均极显著下降(P<0.01);而消减值则随着脂肪酸含量的增加而极显著提高(P<0.01)。因此,从RVA谱曲线特征值看,本试验选用的太湖流域水稻地方品种(系)的部分稻米食味品质优良,可作为优质高产的种质资源进行利用。 相似文献
14.
【目的】水稻稻瘟病抗性基因Pi2对稻瘟病生理小种具有广谱抗性,开发Pi2的KASP分子标记并对其评价,为抗稻瘟病水稻品种分子育种提供简便、可靠的基因分型检测方法。【方法】利用593份自然群体中筛选出的不同抗性和亲缘关系的2份材料H-74和H-78,针对Pi2基因核心区域的SNP位点开发成KASP标记Pi2-C3。【结果】利用标记Pi2-C3对自然群体中的84份材料进行KASP基因分型,结果表明,该标记可以准确地将不同水稻材料的Pi2位点分为抗病基因型、杂合基因型和感病基因型,是一种高效鉴定抗稻瘟病基因Pi2的方法。利用标记Pi2-C3对阳江市病圃材料进行检测,结合表型调查结果发现,检测到含有Pi2基因的46份材料均表现出不同程度的稻瘟病抗性,表明该标记可以用于检测材料在病圃的发病情况。【结论】本研究采用KASP技术,开发了能准确检测Pi2基因的特异性分子标记Pi2-C3,并建立一套水稻Pi2基因的KASP基因分型体系,对提高抗性育种效率,改良抗稻瘟病水稻品种具有重要应用价值。 相似文献
15.
Genetic diversity analysis and GWAS reveal the adaptive loci of milling and appearance quality of japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Northeast China 
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下载免费PDF全文 XU Xin YE Jun-hua YANG Ying-ying LI Ruo-si LI Zhen WANG Shan SUN Yan-fei ZHANG Meng-chen XU Qun FENG Yue WEI Xing-hua YANG Yao-long 《农业科学学报》2022,21(6):1539-1550
Milling and appearance quality are important contributors to rice grain quality. Abundant genetic diversity and a suitable environment are crucial for rice improvement. In this study, we investigated the milling and appearance quality-related traits in a panel of 200 japonica rice cultivars selected from Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces in Northeast China. Pedigree assessment and genetic diversity analysis indicated that cultivars from Jilin harbored the highest genetic diversity among the three geographic regions. An evaluation of grain quality indicated that cultivars from Liaoning showed superior milling quality, whereas cultivars from Heilongjiang tended to exhibit superior appearance quality. Single- and multi-locus genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were conducted to identify loci associated with milling and appearance quality-related traits. Ninety-nine significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected. Three common SNPs were detected using the mixed linear model (MLM), mrMLM, and FASTmrMLM methods. Linkage disequilibrium decay was estimated and indicated three candidate regions (qBRR-1, qBRR-9 and qDEC-3) for further candidate gene analysis. More than 300 genes were located in these candidate regions. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was performed to discover the potential candidate genes. Genetic diversity analysis of the candidate regions revealed that qBRR-9 may have been subject to strong selection during breeding. These results provide information that will be valuable for the improvement of grain quality in rice breeding. 相似文献
16.
目的 明确常规籼稻品种资源所携带的稻瘟病抗性基因及抗性效应。方法 利用PARMS SNP分型技术，检测14个稻瘟病抗性基因在121份常规籼稻品种中的分布情况，并进行田间穗颈瘟自然鉴定，分析基因型和抗性的关系。结果 大多数供试品种携带2~6个稻瘟病抗性基因，Pi46和Pia的检出率较低，分别为3.3%和7.4%；Pi54和Pi5检出率较高，分别为86.0%和67.8%；所有供试品种均不携带Pi9、Pigm、Pik-m和Pik。田间抗性鉴定结果表明，供试品种的穗颈瘟抗性普遍较弱，但广东品种的穗颈瘟抗性明显好于广西品种的；携带的抗性基因数量与穗颈瘟抗性间相关性不显著；Pi2和Pid3对穗颈瘟抗性贡献显著，优势比值分别为5.98和7.50；Pi2+Pid3+、Pi2+Pi33+和Pid3+Pi33+组合的田间穗颈瘟抗性表现较好。结论 本研究结果为两广籼稻区稻瘟病抗性基因聚合育种的亲本选择提供了理论支持，为常规稻的合理布局提供了科学参考。 相似文献
17.
在稻米的品质改良中,利用粘度速测仪测定稻米淀粉粘度特性作为估计稻米食用品质一个很重要指标。这种测定具有测定简单快速和用量小的特点。美、日等发达国家已经广泛水稻品质育种中应用。中国在近些年开始应用。对稻米淀粉RVA谱在稻米蒸煮食用品质评价,稻米淀粉RVA谱遗传及在育种上应用的研究进展进行了总结并提出了一些可能研究利用方向。RVA谱能较好地区分AAC相似的品种的食味。RVA与稻米食味、米饭质地以及其它与米饭食味相关的理化指标均密切相关,已经在杂交育种和诱变育种等育种上应用。RVA谱主要受单基因(Waxy)加性效应控制,可在F4代及其以后种子进行选择。不同地点环境对RVA谱影响很大。 相似文献
18.
Yulin Jia Guangjie Liu Stefano Costanzo Seonghee Lee Yuntao Dai 《Frontiers of Agriculture in China》2009,3(3):231-239
Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage
rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and
some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA
markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major
threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance
based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources
of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The
ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning. 相似文献
19.
通过盆栽试验,比较了29种不同基因型旱稻对As、Cd的吸收与转运。研究结果表明:不同基因型旱稻在生物量和As、Cd吸收上均表现出显著差异,单株平均生物量和变异系数分别为23.57 g和15.8%。茎叶、颖壳和糙米As含量分别为1.022、0.177、0.050 mg·kg~(-1),变异系数分别为25.1%、54.3%和39.7%;Cd含量分别为0.811、0.230、0.116 mg·kg~(-1),变异系数分别为58.2%、38.9%和58.0%。旱稻不同器官对As、Cd累积的大小顺序均为糙米颖壳茎叶,Cd、As在三器官间的比值分别为1∶1.9∶6.7和1∶3.5∶20.4,说明不同器官间Cd转移系数高于As。相关性分析表明,茎叶与颖壳、茎叶与糙米、颖壳与糙米之间的相关系数:Cd分别为0.466(P0.05)、0.658(P0.01)和0.758(P0.01),As分别为0.437(P0.05)、0.290和0.611(P0.01)。旱稻对Cd的吸收与转运能力以及其基因型差异均较As大。29份不同基因型旱稻糙米As含量均达标(NY 5115—2002,0.5 mg·kg~(-1)),82.8%的旱稻Cd达标(GB 2762—2012,0.2 mg·kg~(-1)),糙米As、Cd含量均低于二分之一标准的基因型占37.9%,包括V2、V3、V6、V11、V12、V13、V15、V16、V19、V20和V25,表明通过筛选Cd、As低吸收的旱稻进行非淹水种植可保障稻米安全生产。 相似文献
20.
为探究辣椒单株结果数的遗传机制,以单株结果数差异较大的辣椒材料XHB(P1)和B14-01(P2)为亲本,构建四世代遗传家系即P1、P2、F1、F2。运用主基因+多基因多世代联合分析法,研究辣椒单株结果数的遗传规律。结果表明：辣椒单株结果数符合2对加性-显性-上位性主基因模型(2MG-ADI)。2对主基因的加性效应值da、db分别为-16.33、-13.05,2对主基因的显性效应值ha、hb分别为-10.02、-2.51。2对主基因间的加性×显性(jab)互作效应和显性×加性(jba)互作效应的效应值分别为8.69和12.93,加性×加性上位性(i)互作效应值为6.86,显性×显性(l)的互作效应值为7.23,主基因间的效应以加性效应为主,其次是加性×显性上位性互作效应。主基因遗传率为68.10%,环境引起的变异占比31.9%... 相似文献