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Two cats with temporomandibular joint ankylosis were examined. Difficulty in opening the mouth and malocclusion were associated with trauma and fracture around the zygomatic arch and the condyle of the mandible after an automobile accident. Unilateral condylectomy or aggressive caudal mandibulectomy was performed to improve quality of life. Excision arthroplasty of the temporomandibular joint improved mandibular function and appearance. Some malocclusion remained but had no clinical significance. 相似文献
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Sacral osteochondrosis in two German Shepherd Dogs 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
KR Mathis M Havlicek JB Beck RD Eaton-Wells FM Park 《Australian veterinary journal》2009,87(6):249-252
Two young adult male castrated German Shepherd Dogs were referred for evaluation of intermittent episodes of hindlimb pain. Physical examination suggested lumbosacral stenosis, and plain radiographs and computed tomography revealed lesions consistent with sacral osteochondrosis. One dog had osteochondral fragments removed surgically; the other was managed conservatively. The surgically treated dog had complete resolution of clinical signs whereas the dog managed conservatively had repeated episodes of mild pain and received one short course of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication in 18 months. Sacral osteochondrosis has not been previously reported in Australia. 相似文献
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Nicole Schneider Marianne Heimann Jean-Philippe Lejeune Denis R.V.G. Verwilghen Ginette P. Deby-Dupont Didier A. Serteyn 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2006,7(1):83-85
In the human and equine species, different kinds of free floating intra-articular particles are related to certain disorders. Osteochondral fragments formed during osteochondrosis dissecans are the most common finding in the equine species, whereas in humans rice bodies due to rheumatoid arthritis are more frequent. Herein we report a third type of floating body inside the stifle of an adult draught horse stallion, in macroscopic appearance similar to articular rice bodies known in humans. As revealed by histologic examination, the two particles consist of polypoid degenerated structures derived from synovial villi. Their formation was probably induced by ischemia. 相似文献
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Abstract CASE HISTORY: A 6-week-old German Holstein heifer calf (Case 1) and a 4-week-old Charolais bull calf (Case 2) were referred because of unilateral hind limb lameness. Both had been treated with systemic antibiotics by the referring veterinarian. CLINICAL FINDINGS AND DIAGNOSIS: Based on the results of clinical, radiographic and ultrasonographic examination, a diagnosis of chronic purulent septic gonitis with subchondral osteolysis of the lateral femoral condyle was made in both calves. In Case 2 the lateral tibial condyle also showed osteolysis. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: Treatment consisted of arthrotomy with debridement of abnormal bone and cartilage via a craniolateral and a caudolateral approach. Case 1 was discharged from with grade 1/5 lameness 60 days after surgery. In a follow-up 15 months postoperatively, the owner reported that it had been bred at 14 months, was not lame and the affected stifle joint appeared normal. Case 2 had grade 2/5 lameness 52 days after surgery, but was sound at the time of slaughter at 22 months of age. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Arthrotomy via a caudolateral approach is a suitable method for the treatment of septic purulent gonitis with osteolysis of the lateral femoral and tibial condyles in calves. In these cases, this treatment resulted in the elimination of localised inflammation, prevented clinically relevant spread of infection to other organs, and restored normal joint function. 相似文献
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Articular sagittal and medial parasagittal patellar fracture repair using lag screws in two mature horses 
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下载免费PDF全文 This report describes the clinical experience with internal fixation of a sagittal and a medial parasagittal patellar fracture using lag screws. Severely displaced sagittal and medial parasagittal fractures of the patella were diagnosed in 2 horses (a 10‐year‐old Thoroughbred gelding and a 5‐year‐old Thoroughbred mare) and were repaired using internal fixation. A direct approach through the fascia latae was used. In both cases, the leg was placed in full extension and the fracture was corrected by a combination of digital manipulation and application of bone reduction forceps. Articular congruency was assured by arthrotomy and digital assessment, and radiographic skyline projection. Then, the leg was placed in flexion and two 5.5 mm cortical screws with washers were inserted in lag fashion, under radiographic guidance (skyline projection). In one case, an additional 6.5 mm cancellous screw was used. Both fractures healed without evidence of degenerative joint disease. However, the first horse's wound dehisced, then healed by second intention uneventfully. The second horse was put in a sling in order to prevent lying down. Both horses were able to be used for their intended purpose. In these clinical cases, sagittal and medial parasagittal patellar fractures were treated successfully by open reduction and internal fixation. Post‐operative management in a sling was used successfully in the second case to prevent wound dehiscence. 相似文献
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Traumatic communication of the extensor carpi radialis tendon sheath and antebrachiocarpal joint in two horses 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Two horses were examined due to lacerations at the level of the craniodistal antebrachii. Further evaluation of the lacerations revealed communication with the extensor carpi radialis tendon sheath and potentially the antebrachiocarpal joint. Positive contrast arthrography performed via the palmarolateral pouch of the antebrachiocarpal joint was used to diagnose communication with the extensor carpi radialis tendon sheath. Both the joints and tendon sheaths were treated aggressively with surgical debridement and lavage, followed by post operative medical management and rehabilitation. Both horses made a full recovery and are performing in their intended level of use with acceptable cosmetic results. Traumatic communication with the carpal joints should be considered when evaluating lacerations involving the forelimb extensor tendon sheaths. 相似文献
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Based on an experimental model of osteoarthritis in 42 full-grown rabbits the histological changes were studied during the development of osteoarthritis after operative induction of instability of the knee joint. The changes were followed from 2 week to 1½ years after the induction.The first changes were observed at 1 week stage as a proliferation of the lining cells. During the time of observation additional changes were seen such as hypertrophy of villi, infiltrations with plasma cells and lymphocytes, increased vascularity and interstitial edema and fibrosis. Edema was only seen during the first months, later increasing fibrosis was predominant.The first cartilage change was reduction of the staining ability, expressing depletion of GAG, this was seen already at the one week stage whereas morphological changes were present after 4–6 weeks.It was concluded that the synovial membrane in this model shows changes that may contribute to the development of osteoarthritis. 相似文献
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A new surgical approach to the infected fetlock joint is described in two cattle suffering from septic tenosynovitis of the lateral digital flexor tendon sheaths of the right lateral hind-digits with concurrent septic serofibrinous arthritis of the adjoining fetlock joints, caused by penetrating wounds. In both patients, the infected sheaths were opened and the superficial and deep digital flexor tendons were removed. Intraoperatively, a small entry through the fetlock joint capsule was detected, directly distal to the lateral proximal sesamoid bone. The tract was surgically enlarged and a second approach into the plantar fetlock joint pouch was created proximally by making a 3 cm long and 0.5 cm wide incision between the two lateral suspensory ligament branches. This allowed easy access to the plantar joint pouch, removal of fibrin clots and an effective joint lavage using 5L of sterile saline solution. The incisions of the fetlock joint capsules remained unsutured and were drained using soft polyurethane foam to preclude premature closure. The tendon sheath wounds remained unsutured. In both patients, the digital flexor tendon sheath and the fetlock joint were lavaged daily for the following three days. The infection was eliminated in both cattle and both fully recovered without residual lameness. 相似文献
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The joint cartilage is depending on the oxygen diffusing from the capillaries of the synovial membrane through the synovial tissue and synovial fluid. In the present study we describe a new method to calculate the diffusing capacity (DO2), oxygen consumption (VO2) and blood flow of the synovial membrane. The principle of the method is to perfuse the joint cavity with two saline solutions, one with high and one with low oxygen and nitrogen partial pressures and to measure the oxygen and nitrogen partial pressures in the perfusate flowing out of the joint. Using a model of gas exchange between the joint and the membrane a set of equations was derived expressing the relationship between the blood flow, diffusing capacity and oxygen consumption and the oxygen and nitrogen flowing to and from the joint in the two different perfusion situations. In 12 rabbit knee joints we found a blood flow of 0.388 ml/min (SEM 0.027), VO2 of 0.495 microliters/min (SEM 0.196) and DO2 of 0.024 microliter/min/Torr SEM 0.003 (mean). 相似文献
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Reasons for performing study: Insight into the loading pattern of the articular cartilage surface during the complete stride is important as biomechanical factors play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of joint trauma and osteoarthritis (OA). Objectives: To determine the loading pattern in the equine MCP articulation in vitro during simulated walk. Methods: Eight cadaveric limbs from mature Dutch Warmblood horses were loaded in a pneumatic loading device in 6 different positions (A1‐A6). The pressure distribution on the articular surface of the proximal phalanx (P1) was measured at 7 sites (S1‐7) using intra‐articularly placed pressure sensitive films, which were analysed by scanning and densitometry. Results: Pressures recorded after mid‐stance (A4, 5, 6) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those before (A1, 2, 3) and showed the biphasic loading pattern of the walk at all sites, except for the site halfway along the sagittal groove (S7). At S7, there was a linear increase in pressure during the progress of the stance phase of the stride in most horses. Medially (S4, 5, 6) the pressure was significantly higher than laterally (S1, 2, 3) (P<0.05). Conclusions and potential relevance: The heavier medial loading coincides with the location where articular cartilage degeneration in the process of OA in the equine MCP joint is known to start. The discrepancy between the loading of the central groove and the other parts of the joint may result in large stress differences at the end of the stance phase, which might be related to the pathogenesis of stress fractures in the first phalanx and distal third metacarpal bone. 相似文献
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The oxygen supply to the joint cartilage depends on the oxygen transport from the capsular arteries to the capillaries, the oxygen diffusion across the synovial membrane and the oxygen transport through the synovia. In osteoarthritis the resistance to transport across all 3 barriers may be increased because of the joint effusion, the elevated intraarticular pressure and the inflammatory changes of the synovial membrane.In the present study we describe a method to determine 2 important parameters affecting the oxygen transport through the synovial membrane: the oxygen consumption and diffusion capacity of the membrane. The principle of the method is to perfuse the joint cavity of the knee by saline saturated with air and to record the relationship between the oxygen partial pressure in the outflowing perfusate and the perfusion rate.The values found for the diffusion capacity and oxygen consumption were 0.039 ± 0.013 μl O2/min/Torr and 0.93 ± 0.90 μl O2/min (mean ± s). 相似文献
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Lifting the contralateral forelimb (unipodal stance) is often used as a method of restraint in horses. This experimental one group pretest, posttest study was conducted to evaluate the effects of unipodal stance on quantitative radiographic parameters in equine forefeet. Seven nonlame horses were randomly selected. Lateromedial (LM) and dorsopalmar (DP) projections were acquired for both forefeet, squarely placed on blocks, using two X‐ray generators. Radiographs of each foot were acquired first in a bipodal stance, immediately followed by the same radiographic projections obtained in a unipodal stance. The following measurements were recorded for each stance: distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) space width on both projections; mediolateral joint balance as the difference between lateral and medial DIPJ space widths on DP projections; extensor process‐to‐middle phalangeal condyle distance; and deep digital flexor tendon angle on LM projections. A matched pairs design and Student's t‐test with a 95% confidence level were used to test for statistical significance. Compared to a bipodal stance, lateral DIPJ space width was significantly reduced on unipodal DP views, whereas mediolateral joint imbalance and to a lesser extent medial DIPJ space width were significantly increased. On unipodal LM views, there was a significant higher degree of DIPJ flexion. These findings suggest that stance should be carefully taken into consideration when measuring radiographic parameters in equine forefeet, especially if assessing foot balance and conformation, as unipodal stance significantly affects the mediolateral balance of the DIPJ on DP radiographs and significantly alters the phalangeal axis on LM radiographs. 相似文献
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Jansson N 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2005,34(2):128-132
Objective— To evaluate the use of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) gas for joint distention during arthroscopy for removal of osteochondral (OC) fragments of the palmar/plantar aspect of the metacarpo (MCP)/metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints in horses.
Study Design— Clinical study.
Animals— Horses (26) with OC fragment(s) of palmar/plantar aspect of 1 or 2 MCP/MTP joint(s).
Methods— OC fragments were removed using arthroscopic technique. Joint distention was maintained by isotonic Ringer's acetate at the beginning and at the end of the procedure but during fragment removal, CO2 was used for joint distention. After surgery, fragment removal was confirmed by radiography. Horses were discharged the day after surgery, and outcome was determined by telephone contact 3–24 months later.
Results— CO2 joint distention resulted in a sharp image without villi obscuring the operative field. Fragments were identified and completely removed in all horses except one where a 1 mm × 3 mm radiodense body was seen on postoperative radiographs. In 5 horses, bleeding from the arthroscopic or instrument portal precluded optimal visualization when the joint was distended by gas; however, repeatedly rinsing the tip of the arthroscope with Ringer's acetate solution delivered from the fluid ingress line easily restored joint visualization. No specific complications were observed postoperatively.
Conclusions— Joint distention by CO2 permitted optimal visualization of the palmar/plantar aspect of the MCP/MTP joints, which facilitated fragment removal.
Clinical Relevance— Gas arthroscopy is a useful technique for removal of OC fragments of the palmar/plantar aspect of the MCP/MTP joints in horses. 相似文献
Study Design— Clinical study.
Animals— Horses (26) with OC fragment(s) of palmar/plantar aspect of 1 or 2 MCP/MTP joint(s).
Methods— OC fragments were removed using arthroscopic technique. Joint distention was maintained by isotonic Ringer's acetate at the beginning and at the end of the procedure but during fragment removal, CO
Results— CO
Conclusions— Joint distention by CO
Clinical Relevance— Gas arthroscopy is a useful technique for removal of OC fragments of the palmar/plantar aspect of the MCP/MTP joints in horses. 相似文献
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Mohamed Kamal Merai Abdel Maksoud 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2020,49(2):290-298
The purpose of this study was to describe normal magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomographic anatomy of pastern and coffin joints in Egyptian buffalo using cadaveric distal limbs. This study was achieved using twelve fresh cadaveric distal limbs from adult healthy buffaloes of both sexes. These cadaveric limbs were scanned using a 1 Tesla MRI scanner and CT scanner, injected with red latex, frozen at −20°C for 1 week, and then sectioned into sagittal, dorsal and transverse slices. The obtained MR and CT images were selected to be matched with their corresponding anatomical cross-sections for identification and evaluation of the clinically correlated anatomical structures of the pastern and coffin joints. The difference in signal intensities on CT and MRI scans amongst the tissues allowed clear differentiation of major bone and soft tissue structures of the pastern and coffin joints. CT provided a high spatial resolution of bone and soft tissue structures, however, MRI allowed a better and higher resolution and definition between soft tissues. The current study provided a normal CT and MRI anatomic reference which could help veterinary clinicians for interpretation and diagnosis of the clinically affected pastern and coffin joints in buffalo. 相似文献
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